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Tashkent Islamic University WORLD RELIGIONS CHRISTIANITY ISLAM BUDDHISM JUDAISM Done by: XUDOYBERGANOVA GULNORA Religious Studies - II Tashkent - 2009 THE WORLD RELIGIONS CONTENTS • • • • Christianity Islam Buddhism Judaism THE WORLD RELIGIONS THE WORLD RELIGIONS THE WORLD RELIGIONS CHRISTIANITY • Christians number more than 2 billion worldwide of which the largest group Roman Catholic, has around 900 million followers. Other branches and denominations include Anglican, Presbyterian, Methodist, Greek, Russian and Armenian Orthodox and Coptic Christians living in Egypt and Ethiopia. CHRISTIANITY • Fundamental to Christian belief is the worship of God, creator of the Universe. The name `Christian` derives from `Christ`, the son of God who was crucified in Jerusalem but whom Christians believe rose from the dead, an event celebrated on Easter Sunday. Jerusalem is Christianity`s most sacred site among hundreds of places of pilgrimage around the world. Other important sites are St.Peter`s Basilica in Rome, Lourdes in France, Fatima in Portugal, Knock in Eire, Iona in Scotland, Medjugorje in Bosnia Herzegovina and the Convent of the Virgin Mary at Dirunka in Egypt. CHRISTIANITY Sea of Galilee Woman grieving CHRISTIANITY African priest Chad Communion Church of Nativity Bethlehem CHRISTIANITY St Francis of Assisi Lazarus Church in Larnaca, Cyprus ISLAM • Muslims believe `there is no God, but God (Allah) and that Muhammad is his prophet. Islam or `submission` is structured on a five `pillar` guide to righteous living: prayer five times a day, fasting during the month of Ramadan, zakat giving to the less fortunate, performing the haj pilgrimage to the holy shrines and belief in the Creator. Allah`s revelations to Muhammad are recorded in the Muslim holy book or Qur`an. ISLAM • There are more than a billion Muslims in the world of which the most populous country is Indonesia. 80% ascribe to orthodox Sunni doctrine while a Shia`a minority focuses on the martyrdom of Muhammad's grandson Husainat Karbala in AD 680. I slam`s most sacred sites are Mecca and Medina on the Red Sea coast ofSaudi Arabia, Jerusalem from where belief holds the Prophet made his miraculous night journey into Heaven, Karbala in present-day Iraq and Bandeh Aceh in Sumatra. ISLAM Dervish dancng in Cairo Islam Bu Leukat ISLAM Salut-ul-janazah funeral prayer Usak prayer rug 17th century ISLAM Friday prayers Rawalpindi Pakistan Jumeirah Beach Mosque Dubai BUDDHISM • Buddhists follow the way or truths outlined by Siddiharta Gautama, the `Enlightened One` who was born in northern India in the 5-6th century BC. Buddha devoted his life to seeking a way to end suffering through thought and deed. His philosophy, summarised as The Eightfold Path, provides a guide for disciples striving to perfect the qualities of wisdom and compassion. Buddhists believe in cyclical life, the ultimate goal being the attainment of nirvana, ultimate release and peace. BUDDHISM • The majority of Asian peoples follow Buddhism whose main schools are Mahayana and Theravada. Theravada teachings are collected in the Pali Tripitaka while the earliest Mahayana scriptures, written in Sanskrit, also date from the 1st century AD but were added to over the centuries. Sacred Buddhist sites include Bodh Gaya in Bihar where Buddha attained enlightenment, BUDDHISM • Lumbini his birthplace in Nepal and Sarnath,site of his first sermon in Uttar Pradesh Other places of religious significance include Adam`s Peak in Sri Lanka, Mount Kailash in Tibet and Borobodur in Indonesia. The Temple of the Tooth in Kandy and the Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon containing relics of the Buddha are other places of pilgrimage. BUDDHISM BUDDHIST prayer flags Buddha jnana mudra BUDDHISM • •Buddha`s travels mural Sri Lanka Tibetan tingshas, chimes BUDDHISM CS Sacred coconut Khymer wedding Cambodia Mahasi Sasana Yeiktha Meditation Centre Yangon Burma BUDDHISM Funeral in rural Myanmar Janraisig Temple Ulaan Batar Mongolia JUDAISM • Jews believe in one God, Creator of the Universe. The Jewish holy texts contained in the Torah relate how God gave Moses, a patriarch who led the children out of slavery in Egypt, two stone tablets inscribed with Laws for righteous conduct throughout life. Written in Hebrew, the Torah contains 613 commandments dictating rites of passage, conduct and dietary principles. A copy is kept in every synagogue, the Jewish place of worship. JUDAISM • Jews wait for the coming of the Messiah who will bring peace, security and fruitfulness. They further believe in a time when the dead will be returned to life for Judgement before God. There are some 13 million Jews worldwide. About 47 per live in America, 34 per cent in Israel and the remainder in Europe, Australia etc. The Western Wall, all that remains of Solomon`s temple destroyed in AD70 is the most sacred site in Judaism. Also in Jerusalem, the Yad Vashem Memorial to victims of Nazi pogroms is another poignant place of pilgrimage. JUDAISM • Daniel`s tomb Susa Iran JUDAISM Pastries & sweets eaten during Purim JUDAISM Western Wall JUDAISM Priests remove the Ark of the Covenant JUDAISM Purim fun in Stamford Hill, London JUDAISM Sofer scribe writing torah scroll JUDAISM Jews Pro-Israeli rally London THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!