Download Chapter 11 Grammar

Chapter 11 Grammar
Latin Word Order
In Latin and English, a sentence is composed of a subject, a verb, and an object (usually).
However, Latin and English organize their sentences in different ways.
English relies on a rigid word order so that a sentence makes sense. The subject always comes
first, the verb is second, and the object of the verb is third. In both languages the object of the
verb is also known as the direct object. This type of sentence structure can be remembered as
S-V-O.
In Latin, word order is not as rigid as in English because it relies on the endings of words to tell
you the function of each word. Latin still follows a general pattern of word order. The subject
comes first, the direct object second, and the verb third. This type of sentence structure can be
remembered as S-O-V. When the verb is a form of esse (to be), there is no object. Instead we
call the third element of the sentence a predicate nominative.
Practice in English
Directions: In each of the following sentences, identify the subject (S), the verb (V), and the
direct objects (O).
1) Minimus eats cheese.
2) Vibrissa eats mice.
3) Flavius and Lepidina praise Candidus.
4) Candidus roasts a peacock and a dormouse.
Practice in Latin
Directions: In each of the following sentences, identify the subject (S), the verb (V), the direct
object (O), and/or the predicate nominative (PN). Then translate each sentence.
1) Candidus epistulam accipit.
2) Barates tristissimus est.
3) Corinthus equum et plaustrum parat.
4) Flavius et Lepidina lucernam portant.