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University of Massachusetts Boston College of Management MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers Chapter 5: Organizing Data & Information Chapter Overview Chapter 5 gives the business student insight into how an organization uses data and transforms it into meaningful information. Most businesses suffer from too much data rather than not enough. A typical manager will encounter a flurry of numbers, statistics, and reports. A database helps extract significance from these numbers. The database can contribute to organizational success in a number of other way including providing managers and decision makers with timely, accurate, and relevant information. Traditionally, data was maintained in separate files. These files were created by separate applications and were characterized by program-data dependence. These problems were addressed with the database approach to data management. Using this approach yielded benefits such as reduced data dependency, easier update and modification, reduced redundancy, standardization of data access, and more efficient program development. Use of the database approach has required computer specialists to give extra care to content and access, logical structure, and physical organization of data. The result can be a well-designed and well-managed database that is an extremely valuable tool in supporting decision making. Most frequently, this is done through the use of a database management system or DBMS in business settings. The DBMS acts as an interface between the data and application programs. The data is generally accessed through the use of a data manipulation language like SQL. In recent years, the functionality and power of DBMSs and other database systems has improved through the use of the Internet, telecommunications, distributed databases, and other support tools. Multidimensional databases and on-line analytical processing systems are being used to explore data and allow users to extract more information. Data mining allows for the automated discovery of new information from large data warehouses. Object-relational database management systems provide a new set of capabilities compatible with today’s object-oriented technology. Applications in business intelligence, competitive intelligence, and knowledge management are also furthering the use of collected data in business settings. Chapter Outline Lecture Topics Data Management Data Modeling and Database Models Database Management Systems (DBMSs) Database Developments 1 Chapter Objectives After completing this chapter, students should be able to: 1. Define general data management concepts and terms, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the database approach to data management. 2. Name three database models and outline their basic features, advantages, and dis-advantages. 3. Identify the common functions performed by all database management systems and discuss the key features of three popular end user database management systems. 4. Identify and briefly discuss recent database developments. 2