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Tech Talk for Those Less Technically Inclined Scott Dittman, University Registrar Washington and Lee University TURN ON YOUR DEVICES! myw.lu/wacrao15-tech Washington and Lee University University Registrar’s website AACRAO 2010, Twitter and Facebook for Registrars Washington and Lee University • Lexington VA • Founded in 1749 • 2,170 students (1,850 undergrads, 320 law) • 850 employees • strong culture of civility: speaking tradition; studentrun, single-sanction Honor System AACRAO 2010, Twitter and Facebook for Registrars From flops and kilobytes… Digital PDP-10, circa 1970 …to petaflops and terabytes… IBM’s Watson (2011) …to coming exaflops and petabytes China’s Tianhe-2 (“Milky Way”), fastest computer, 2012-15 Resources • EDUCAUSE: www.educause.edu • EDUCAUSE Review: www.educause.edu/er Campus Technology Magazine: www.campustechnology.com Newsletters: campustechnology.com/newsletters/higher-education.aspx • Gartner Technology Glossary: www.gartner.com/it-glossary/ • This presentation: myw.lu/wacrao15-tech Lay of the land… terms • e-… (electronic) mail, learning, collaboration, books, portfolios, procurement • cyber… (Gr. for steering, governing) -netics, citizen, infrastructure, bullying, hate, sex, punk • wiki… (Hawai’ian for fast) -pedia, -tionary, leaks • virtual (distant, digital, not actually here) desktop, service, reality, server, identity • blog, podcast, iPhone, iPad, iTunes, etc. Becoming Partners "Our students were born digital and have grown up as savvy technology consumers… But not everyone is equally prepared for this rapid rate of change. Technology now permeates the organization through many different channels and not just through the traditional IT channel. The 'consumerization of IT' is what Gartner has termed it. What some of our constituents don't yet understand is that they need to become more proactive partners in their own grasp of emerging technologies and that the institution needs time to build an ecosystem that can adapt, integrate, and support any new technology as well as provide education and training to the campus communities." "Strategic Partnerships," EDUCAUSE Review, November/December 2010 You 3.0: The Most Important Evolving Technology • • • • How are you learning and changing? How does this affect your use of technology? Explosion of personal and mobile devices, Internet of Things High expectations: 24/7/365 access to communications has led to same for course info, textbooks, registration, academic records. • Shift in attention from technology "toys" to users being more concerned with service • Need more understanding of and experience with technology • Need better design of processes and tools, leading to better relationships and more trust EDUCAUSE Review, November/December 2010 UDDE: Universal Design for the Digital Environment • "Creating services and products form the beginning in ways that will benefit the widest array of users, including those with disabilities, without the need for adaptation or specialized design." • Everyone has limitations • Legal, ethical, mission-critical, serves all constituents, fiscally sound, adds institutional value • Example: Curbcuts • Example: W&L registration • Center for Universal Design, NC State "Transforming the Institution," EDUCAUSE Review, November/December 2010 IoT: Internet of Things refers to wearables (glasses, watches, FitBit), smart home appliances (crockpots, lights, webcams), and connected cars Passive monitoring • • • • • • ball bearing wear fry oil quality precision irrigation insects in agriculture parking spaces bus routes, empty seats • class attendance (seats, Bluetooth for phones) • student engagement: wristbands to read sympathetic nervous system, heartrate, body posture • admissions: GPS tagged vehicles (efficiency, scheduling, verification) • conference registration: access, engagement, attendance analytics discerning and anticipating trends through analysis of data. See also big data and data mining ASP (application service provider, application service provisioning) a third party which provides a service over the Internet, including software, hardware, authentication, maintenance, backup, etc. augmented reality • virtual images and information layered over images of real-world situations. • Examples: Football: down lines and statistics displayed "on the field"; Baseball: ads displayed on a wall behind home plate; Gaming and “Gamification”: bringing technology into the real world to enhance the sense of being "in the game"; simulations, Wii Step-by-step driving directions, alert you to a sale at a store you’re about to pass, or give tourists historical information about landmarks. big data extremely large data sets whose size is beyond the ability of typical database software tools to capture, store, manage, and analyze and that may be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behavior and interactions a convergence of enterprise and consumer IT …Gil Press, Forbes, Sep. 3, 2014 (link) black swan an “edge” case, the rare worst-case scenario with the confluence of bad decisions, poor planning, and malicious actions resulting in “a very bad day”. born digital refers to information which is created, stored, and used only in digital form. Recently has also been used to refer to people who were born and have grown up using increasingly sophisticated and varied digital hardware and services from a very young age. browser agnostic web applications which work well on any browser; an example of interoperability (recent developments have actually decreased web interoperability between browsers) BYOA (bring your own apps) planning considerations around the software coming into our environments regardless of the devices • bandwidth • helpdesk support • security implications for devices, networks, and data being shared • how to detect improper or illegal use of apps BYOD (bring your own device) a strategy to connect devices to cloud-based applications to bandwidth-intensive video networking equipment First, align the institution’s collaboration program to its long-range strategic plans. This simple step provides tremendous returns — increasing executive sponsorship, gaining budget approvals, accelerating faculty adoption, reducing technical complexities, and creating a single, standards-based approach to collaboration. “21st-Century Unbounded University”, Mainstay & Cisco, June 30, 2015 (link) See also BYOA (bring your own apps) CAPTCHA challenge-and-response process to add to security and prevent automated logins reverse Turing test (administered by machine, targeted at humans) Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart CIO (chief information officer) increasingly responsible for all of an institution's data stores, including technology and libraries cloud computing ability to use infrastructure, platform, or software over the Internet from a remote computer or network (though some cloud computing is also internally provided to smaller groups or externally within defined consortia). Characterized by efficiency, cost savings. Some institutions have "gone Google" where much of the computing resources have been outsourced. See also virtual server. CMS (content/course/catalog management system) software to assist in building a web presence either for many operational units (e.g., Ingeniux) or a.k.a. LMS: enabling interactions among course participants: syllabus, grading, surveys, dropbox, communication (e.g., Sakai, Moodle, Blackboard) or more specifically for an academic catalog (e.g., Acalog, CourseLeaf, SmartCatalog) convergence integration of approaches into overlapping, more closely related and unified uses Examples: journalism (written, broadcast, electronic); communications (email, landline phone, mobile communications, VoIP); Internet: developing standards for openness in creating and sharing information CRM (constituent/customer relationship management) software enabling communications with students or other constituent groups through multiple technologies (email, mobile phones, etc.). Example: Intelliworks, Salesforce CTO (chief technology officer) • This person may have a role more focused on immediate operational goals rather than strategic, but the term is often used intechangebaly (and increasingly less frequently) with CIO. cyberstorm ultimate disaster planning concern hackers insert a StuxNet-like virus in the infrastructure command and control systems (electric, gas, transportation, dams, Internet) cycle An interval or packet of time applied to projects, either in human resource management or in processing time for a particular problem, report, or analysis. dashboard a graphical user interface which organizes and presents information, especially descriptive statistical information, in a way that is easy to read, often interactively. Example: W&L's Academic Indicators dashboard delicious (formerly del.icio.us) • online tagging and bookmarking tool. • Examples: www.delicious.com/dit (simple); www.delicious.com/oook (complex) digital citizenship understanding responsible use of online resources, including etiquette, copyright, privacy protection, e-commerce, etc. digital signature • a way to tell that an authenticated user has given permission for access to personal information and that the permission has not been altered in transit. • Digital signatures may or may not have legal significance, be encrypted, be readable to the human eye • An authenticated email is occasionally considered to be a digital signature, though often more is needed as the importance of the information increases. digital storytelling using digital tools to educate, train, entertain ECM (enterprise content management) institution-wide web-content editor; assists in an effort to centralize information sources, standardize the "look and feel" of a website, and reduce printing. Example: Ingeniux. EHR (electronic health record) required eventually under the Affordable Care Act of 2010 with privacy protections a.k.a electronic medical record; personal medical record ERM (enterprise risk management) policies, procedures, and efforts to minimize risk to an organization or its members and to protect financial or personal resources Also enterprise resource management see also Gramm-Leech-Bliley Act requirements for financial security ERP (enterprise resource planning) a tool to track inventories and departmental functions and service across an organization, usually running from one database but more recently becoming interoperable across platforms firewall part of a computer system designed to block unauthorized access while allowing authorized access G3, G4, G5 generations of mobile communication standards, developed roughly every 10 years. G4 requires speeds of 100 megabits per second. “5G” standardization is scheduled to begin in 2016 with full implementation by 2020 I/AM (identity/access management) policies and procedures to allow secure and seamless access to data and applications for authorized end users, using public keys, digital certificates, tokens, etc., and specifically not using SSNs biometrics (fingerprint, iris pattern recognition) IaaS (infrastructure as a service) a category of "cloud computing"; a provision model in which an organization outsources the equipment used to support operations, including storage, hardware, servers and networking components. The service provider owns the equipment and is responsible for housing, running and maintaining it. The client typically pays on a per-use basis. interoperability the ability of people or systems to exchange and use information. One of the goals of opensource software is to improve standards of interoperability in order to improve efficiency and communication between data stores and the people that use them or need the information Java a popular programming language, using "simple" code, based on the syntax of C or C++, now open-sourced and portable Kuali open-source administrative software for higher education already being implemented. The effort has moved from non-profit to profit and is, according to some, the leading edge of educational software development (see members of the foundation) and, to others, struggling for lack of support and progress LAN (local area network) a network built in a small geographic area, usually within a single organization landing page a public starting place with links to items of interest to a particular group. Example W&L's Current Students lecture capture (video-image capture) software/hardware system designed to capture classroom lectures and associated graphics/images displays and make available on an intranet or Internet. Often features camera tracking to follow a moving lecturer. Examples: Tegrity, Camtasia learning analytics "...the analysis of ever-increasing amounts of data and the increasing influence those analyses have in the conduct of higher education. This use of "big data" affords much more nuanced and timely insights into all kinds of learning processes. It enables the creation of custom reports tailored to specific learning contexts, ranging from institutional dashboards to personalized assistance for learners. It provides the basis for measuring progress toward institutional strategic goals. Equally important, analytics enables interventions in nearly real time. This contributes greatly to learner and instructor success, as it allows the institution to assist students at the very moment they are falling behind.“ …Malcolm Brown, EDUCAUSE, June 22, 2015 (link) LMS (learning management system) software to assist faculty with managing course activities (material distribution, announcements and other communication, grading, attendance, wikis, document dropbox, etc.). Also known as CMS (course management system). Examples: Moodle, Sakai, Blackboard location awareness knowing the location of a person or place in physical space; usually reliant on GPS technology MUVE (multi-user virtual environment) a virtual world for interactions, originally textbased but more commonly now two- and threedimensional with graphical representations of users and organizations. Used for immersive education, social interactions, general collaborations, gaming, etc. Example: Second Life, MMO games, some MOOCs ODS (operational data store) large collections of data describing and useful to the operation of an institution, collected from various sources and software packages, able to be easily connected in ways not always possible from the originating database P2P (peer-to-peer content sharing) digital exchange of information, sometimes legal, sometimes not, for collaboration (e.g., scholarly research) or entertainment (e.g., music/movie downloads) PaaS (platform as a service) a category of "cloud computing"; a way to rent hardware, operating systems, storage and network capacity over the Internet. The service delivery model allows the customer to rent virtualized servers and associated services for running existing applications or developing and testing new ones. PCIDSS (payment card industry data security standards) must be met in order to use credit/debit cards over the Web. Institutions must apply using a self assessment which includes evidence of such accomplishments as building and maintaining a secure network (firewall, passwords, etc.); protecting cardholder data and encryption; and developing and maintaining an information security policy. pedagogies pico projectors very small digital projectors usually weighing less than two pounds PLN (personal learning network) aggregating digital resources, combining RSS feeds and readers, e-books, and online tools to "pull in" information and ideas and build relationships POGE (Principle of Good Enough) a rule for software and systems design; favors quick and simple (but potentially extensible) designs over elaborate systems designed by committee see also the computing principle of "probably approximately correct" (PAC) portal (gateway) an anchoring website intended as a major starting site for users when they get connected to the Web. Most portals are text-intensive, fast loading, easy to use and to return to. Typical services offered include a directory of websites, links to other services, search capabilities, news, weather information, email, stock quotes, phone and map information, or a community forum. Usually uses single sign-on authentication. presence software is aware if someone is available via some form of communication strategy to respond immediately QR (quick response/reference) codes • two-dimensional barcodes; representations of alphanumeric information, often URLs • originally used in truck/automotive industry to track parts; later applied to vehicles for quick-scan tracking • now access and security, ads, entertainment, sales, marketing, qrmemorials.com/ • Microsoft, Blackberry, LeapFrog tag-reading software RFP (request for proposal) an invitation for suppliers to submit a proposal, often as part of a bidding process, usually consisting of a detailed list of expectations, questions, or parameters ROI (return on investment) an cost-benefit analysis, “how much bang we get for our buck” RSS (real simple syndication, rich site summary) RSS is an XML-based vocabulary for distributing Web content in opt-in feeds. Feeds allow the user to have new content delivered to a computer or mobile device as soon as it is published. An RSS aggregator or RSS reader (e.g., Google Reader) allows the user to see summaries of all their feeds in one place. Instead of visiting multiple Web pages to check for new content, the user can look at the summaries and choose which sites to visit for the full versions. SaaS (software as a service) a category of "cloud computing"; licensed, pay as you go or flat-fee services, typical of "cloud computing". No local server required, characterized by rapid scalability, reliability, security, external maintenance and backup sandbox a digital space to try new ideas or to develop or practice using a new resource a place to play and test service provisioning a set of actions to prepare a server with appropriate systems, data and software, and make it ready for network operation Shibboleth "a standards based, open source software package for web single sign-on across or within organizational boundaries. It allows sites to make informed authorization decisions for individual access of protected online resources in a privacy-preserving manner." Federated single sign-on software. In other words, "we have an agreement that I can tell you this person is authorized to do something without providing any personal data (password, ID number, etc.)." • Biblical: "shibboleth"; physical characteristic • World War 2: baseball; "lollapalooza" SLDS (state longitudinal data systems) data stores of vast amounts of educational and career data, interconnected to provide historical data primarily for retention and accountability efforts. So-called P-16 efforts are funded both privately (e.g., Gates Foundation, Lumina Foundation) and publically, usually through state and federal educational entities. Concerns have been raised about appropriate safeguards for personal information, data-retention policies, and usage. New FERPA rules released in December 2011 designed to facilitate increased data sharing though many think it compromises individual data privacy and educational rights SOA (service-oriented architecture) a way of designing and integrating a system which has many interoperable parts in order to improve efficiency and multiple-user access to resources social media / social networking interacting with others in an organized way using a variety of Web-based tools. Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Joind.in, YouTube, Quora, Blogspot, BigTent, Classmates, del.icio.us, Flickr, MySpace, Ning, Xanga, YikYak, SPML (service provisioning markup language) under development "for exchanging user, resource and service provisioning information between cooperating organizations." Will be important to expanding federated identity efforts. SQL (structured query language) most widely used database computer language designed to insert, query, update, and delete information in a database SSO (single sign-on) a session/user authentication process that permits a user to enter one name and password in order to access multiple applications. The process authenticates the user for all the applications they have been given rights to and eliminates further prompts when they switch applications during a particular session. TCO (total cost of ownership) • considerations include hardware, software, annual license fees, labor, physical space, security TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol) standards for transmitting data across the Internet. All devices attached to the Internet must have either a permanently assigned (static) or dynamically assigned IP address (ranging from 1.1.1.1 to 256.256.256.256). Since IP addresses are difficult to remember, most are assigned to a textual hostname. The Internet is running out of IP addresses under the IPV4 protocol. IPV6 will provide an additional 340 undecillion more addresses. thick client a full-featured computer connected to a network (though capable of running independently on occasion) thin client a computer or computer program which relies on a server to do most of the computation work; must be connected to a server at all times in order to be useful. Examples: • a monitor, which renders a graphical image but does no computation of its own • a remote or virtual desktop application which enables running programs for the Internet TurnItIn plagiarism checking website tweet an individual message sent using Twitter UC (unified communications) a technical architecture which integrates various forms of communication in both real and "nonreal" time. Users may access messages from multiple devices and media types. For example, you might receive a voice message and be able to respond via email, cell phone, audio or video chat. Often include an aspect of presence (is someone available for immediate response). VCE (virtual customer/computing environment) a web-based forum to facilitate collaboration or co-innovation URL • universal record locator • uniform resource locator • IP addresses (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) or alphanumeric Web addresses (registrar.wlu.edu) • prefixes of http, https, ftp, mailto, scheme, etc. VPN (virtual private network) a computer network that uses a public telecommunication infrastructure such as the Internet to provide secure access to an organization's network. Secure VPNs use cryptographic tunneling protocols to provide confidentiality by blocking intercepts and packet sniffing, allowing sender authentication to block identity spoofing, and provide message integrity by preventing message alteration. virtual desktop an operating area which looks like the main display of a personal computer but which actually is running on a server somewhere else, usually established through a secure connection via a web browser virtual server an area of memory set aside to run a program in a way similar to a separate hardware server VoIP (voice over Internet Protocol) standards for telephony over the Internet resulting in getting Internet-connected digital phones on our desks and getting rid of physical fax machines and sending faxes through a digital service WAN (wide area network) • like an intrainstitutional LAN but providing secure access usually for interinstitutional groupings/associations W e b 1.0 W e b 2.0 Wi-Fi wireless network capability "wireless fidelity" after "high fidelity audio" WLAN (wireless local area network) word cloud, tag cloud graphical representations of word usage in a text or on a Website, in the latter case with links. Examples: • Shakespeare • Gettysburg Address • W&L ITS • Wordle XML (eXtensible markup language) Unlike HTML which is used to create "flat-file" websites (merely displaying data), XML allows for interaction, transactions, etc., on the web. Hundreds of XML-based languages have been created. Handles international languages well. Thanks to… ! Technology Glossary: www.gartner.com/it-glossary/ Wayne Anthenat, Bethel College Kim Barber, Florida State U. Deb Boisvert, Deerfield (NH) Community Schools Campus Technology magazine EDUCAUSE Review magazine Heather Mansfield, DIOSA Communications ModernHealthcare.com Robert Morley, U. of Southern California Jayne Niemi, Macalester College Jeff Overholtzer, Washington and Lee U. Rick Peterson, Washington and Lee U. Kathy Posey, Bennington College Barbara Rowe, Washington and Lee U. searchCloudComputing.com TechTerms.com Wikipedia.org Richard Yount, Hawai’i Pacific U. Tech Talk for Those Less Technically Inclined Scott Dittman, University Registrar Washington and Lee University myw.lu/wacrao15-tech