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World War II Study Guide Chapters 34-37 Chapter 34: Could World War II have been prevented? Most of the world was suffering from a depression along with the U.S. This added to the economic problems of Germany. Hitler re-armed Germany, violating the Treaty of Versailles in order help Germany’s poor economy. He pushed on and took control of the Rhineland. In 1936 he demanded that the Sudetenland, a German speaking region of Czechoslovakia be turned over to Germany. 1. Munich Pact & policy of appeasement (1938) -Britain and France give in to Hitler’s demands 2. Joseph Stalin creates a totalitarian dictatorship in the Soviet Union-government controls all aspects of society. He modernized the Soviet Union industry but brutality to achieve his goals and strengthen his control. He changed the agricultural system to collective farms and forced private farmers to work on cooperative farms. Those who resisted were put in labor camps or murdered by his secret police Mussolini establishes a Fascist dictatorship in Italy-extreme nationalism and strongly opposes Communism AND democracy, favors military values, use of violence and censorship Blackshirts-police force that terrorized rivals Il Duce-“The Leader” Hitler and Nazism rise to power in Germany-extreme nationalism -believe Germans/Nordic people called Aryans were physically/morally superior and wanted to purify Germany by removing other races, especially Jews -Mein Kampf/My Struggle-Hitler’s book that introduces Lebensraum/Living Space declaring that Germany needed land on which Aryan settlers could raise large families who would in turn Conquer more territory eventually ruling the world -Nazis called their government the Third Reich or third of the German empires -1934 Hitler became chancellor taking complete control and calling himself der Fuhrer or “the leader” -They passed new laws targeting Jews and other “undesirables” stripping them of rights and sending them to concentration camps. Japan, led by Tojo moves toward a policy of militarism-they become more aggressive in their quest to Obtain more “living space” and natural resources such as oil. Many political assassination took place as Tojo and the militarist replaced civilian/democratic rule The U.S., Great Britain and France could have provided more financial and military help to these countries to avoid the dictators rise to power, however, many felt they did not have enough economic resources to come to their aid because they were also suffering from a depression. Alliances that formed: Allied Powers: Britain, France, U.S., U.S.S.R.* Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, U.S.S.R.* 3. Military Aggression meets a weak response 1935-1936 Germany re-militarizes and violates the Treaty of Versailles---no sanction taken by League of Nation 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia & Hitler and Mussolini form the Rome-Berlin Axis-League of Nations imposed economic sanctions (oil) against Italy, U.S. refuses to participate 1936-1939-Germany & Italy aid nationalists in Spanish Civil War led by General Francisco Franco to overthrow Spain’s democratic government-The Neutrality Acts passed by the U.S. prevents us from helping Spain 1937-Japanese troops massacre civilians in Nanjing-F.D.R. makes an ineffective speech and Japan goes on to invade French Indochina (Vietnam) and other islands in the Pacific 1938-German declares a political union with Austria taking them over-no action taken 1939-Germany invades the rest of Czech breaking the Munich Pact-Britain and France declare that any further attach by Hitler would trigger war Germany signs a “non-aggression pact” with the Soviet Union (USSR) Germany uses blitzkrieg tactics to invade Poland Britain and France declare war on Germany but don’t really have power to stop take over of Poland 1940- Hitler takes over France. Italy declares war on Britain and France Germany unsuccessfully attacks Britain (Battle of Britain)- The U.S. begin sending aid to Britain Under the Lend-Lease Act December 7, 1941- Japan attacks Pearl Harbor-next day F.D.R. asks congress for a declaration of war 300 Japanese aircrafts attack naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. What factors caused the relationship between the U.S. and Japan to deteriorate? Chapter 35: What kind of opportunities and hardships did the war create for Americans at home and abroad? 2. How did the U.S. government convert the economy from peace time to war time? War Productions Board National Labor Relations Board How did the government pay for the war? Revenue Act of 1942- How was inflation and overconsumption controlled? Office of Price Administration Rationing 3. G.I. draft 4. Japanese-Americans 442nd Division Executive Order 9066/Japanese Internment Camps Korematsu v. United States 5. Women Women’s Army Corps (WAC) WAVES SPARs 6. African-Americans Tuskegee Airmen Double V Campaign 7. Jews Kristallnacht (night of the broken glass) Anti-Semitism War Refugee Board 8. Mexican American The Bracero Program Zoot Suit Riots Chapter 36: What military strategies did the United States and its allies pursue to defeat the Axis powers in World War II? 2. Preparing for War in Europe Axis Powers Allies S.S. The “Jewish Question” and the Final Solution Eistengruppen What other groups did Nazis target? North Africa Erwin Rommel & the Afrika Korps Poland Soviet Union 3. War in Europe (1942-1945) Europe First Southern Italy Battle of Stalingrad Counteroffensive B-24 Liberators and B-17 Flying Fortress/precision or strategic bombing Saturation bombing Battle of NormandyOperation Overlord D-Day General Dwight D. Eisenhower The Holocaust Genocide The Final Solution Auschwitz Dachau Battle of the Bulge Germany surrenders What was Hitler’s final fate? 4. Preparing for war in the Pacific The Philippines General Macarthur Bataan Death March Tokyo/Doolittle Raids Code Breaking Battle of the Coral Sea Admiral Chester Nimitz Code Talkers Battle of Midway Leapfrogging/island hopping Battle of Okinawa Kamikaze pilots Dropping of the atom bomb Manhattan Project Truman’s decision The Enola Gay VE Day/VJ Day Hiroshima Nagasaki Chapter 37: Did the United States learn from past mistakes at the end of World War II? 2. Isolationism ends The United Nations The World Bank The International Monetary Fund The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Four Freedoms 3. Dealing with the defeated Axis Powers How were the demands of the U.S. and its allies different after WW2 than in WW1? The Nuremberg Trials & international tribunals Germany after WW2 Japan after WW2 4. Postwar Life for Americans The G.I. Bill of Rights African American Women 5. Geneva Conventions