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Exploration and Expansion Voyages of Discovery Main Idea During the 1400s and 1500s European explorers—inspired by greed, curiosity, and the desire for glory, and aided by new technologies— sailed to many previously unknown lands. Section 1 Section 1 Exploration and Expansion Foundations of Exploration • Renaissance spirit of discovery and innovation in Europe • Spirit led Europeans to set sail on voyages of discovery • Period is sometimes called the Age of Exploration Drive to Explore Advance Tech The Explorers • Search for wealth • Faster routes to Asia • Fame, glory, and honor • Spread Christian faith • Curiosity and adventure • New navigation systems • Improved shipbuilding • Larger cargo • Swifter caravel ship • Portugal – Sir Henry, de Gama • Spain – Columbus, Magellan • England – Drake, Hudson • France – Cartier • Dutch Exploration and Expansion Section 1 Explorers and their Routes Chapter 16, section 1, pages 472-473 Exploration and Expansion Section 1 Exploration and Expansion Section 1 Exploration and Expansion Section 2 Conquest and Colonies Main Idea The countries of Europe established colonies in the lands they had discovered but, in some cases, only after violently conquering the native people who lived there. Reading Like a Historian • Passages from student activity toolkit • Primary source from page 80 • Recruiting pamphlet from page 82 • How did the European drive for colonies effect the native people of the Americas? Exploration and Expansion Section 2 Building Empires • Scramble to establish colonies and empires in new lands • Spain first to successfully settle in the Americas • Consequences for Native Peoples Spain in Caribbean Portugal in Brazil • First areas settled • Difficult to settle • Introduced encomienda system • Treaty of Tordesillas limited territory • Conquistadors looked to mainland • Viceroys ruled for King North America • French traders establish Canada • Dutch set up trade in Northeast • British settlers along the east coast Exploration and Expansion Section 2 Exploration and Expansion Section 2 Section 3 Exploration and Expansion New Patterns of Trade • Colonies in the Americas led to the exchange of new types of goods, new patterns of trade, and new economic systems in Europe. • Contact between the two groups led to the widespread exchange of plants, animals, and disease—the Columbian Exchange. The Exchange of Goods Sharing Discoveries • Plants, animals developed in very different ways in hemispheres • Arrival of Europeans in Americas changed all this • Europeans—no potatoes, corn, sweet potatoes, turkeys • Previously unknown foods taken back to Europe • People in Americas—no coffee, oranges, rice, wheat, sheep, cattle • Familiar foods brought to Americas by colonists The introduction of beasts of burden to the Americas was a significant development from the Columbian Exchange. The introduction of the horse provided people in the Americas with a new source of labor and transportation. Exploration and Expansion Section 3 Section 3 Exploration and Expansion New Economic Ideas Mercantilism • Possible because of colonial resources • More places to sell goods • Governments could provide subsidies to help start new industry • Competition for new (and between) colonies • New economic classes and move toward cities Capitalism • Activities carried out by individuals in order to gain profit • Overseas trade made merchants rich and powerful • New business investments • Creation of joint stock companies • Rising prices and supply of money Exploration and Expansion Section 3 Exploration and Expansion Section 4 Origins of the Slave Trade • Slavery has existed in many parts of the world • People forced into slavery came from different walks of life • Farmers, merchants, priests, soldiers, or musicians; fathers and mothers, sons and daughters. Beginnings • Shortage of labor in Americas led to beginning of Atlantic slave trade Native Americans • Planters first used Native Americans; European diseases killed millions • European planters needed workers on sugar, tobacco plantations • 1600s, used indentured servants • Expensive to support workers African Slaves • Millions forcibly taken to Americas • Most from coast of West Africa • Some exchanged for firearms, goods • Others kidnapped on raids by traders Exploration and Expansion Section 4 Trade Network Captured Africans became part of network called the triangular trade • First leg of triangle, ships carrying European goods to Africa to be exchanged for slaves • Second leg, Middle Passage, brought Africans to Americas to be sold • Third leg carried American products to Europe • Some slave traders from Americas sailed directly to Africa, not following triangular route Exploration and Expansion Section 4 Section 4 Exploration and Expansion Middle Passage Ordeal • Middle Passage, terrifying ordeal • Captive Africans chained together, forced into dark, cramped quarters below ship’s decks • Could neither sit nor stand • Journey lasted three to six weeks, ten to twenty percent did not survive Horrific Conditions • Olaudah Equiano wrote about conditions on slave ship: • “The stench of the hold…was so intolerably loathsome, that it was dangerous to remain there for any time… • “The shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the whole scene of horror almost inconceivable.” Exploration and Expansion Section 4 Exploration and Expansion Section 4 Exploration and Expansion Section 4 Exploration and Expansion Section 4 The Impact of the Columbian Exchange on Europe and the Americas Click above to play the video.