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Greek Mythology Syllabus Bronze Age 3000 – 1100 BC Dark Age Archaic Period 800 – 480 BC Classical Period 480 – 323 BC Hellenistic Period 323 – 27 BC Roman Period 27 BC – AD 476 Bronze Age Hellas (Mycenæan) Cyclades Crete (Minoan) Minoans (Crete) Middle Bronze Age Minoan household goddess Minoan fresco, Knossos, Crete Minoan seal with labrys Minoan carved labrys Mycenæans ~1600 BC to ~1150 BC Late Bronze Megaron Wilusa Hittites, Luwians Mycenæans Phœnicians Egyptians ~1150 BC οἱ Ἕλληνες, οἱ Πανέλληνες Hellēnes, Panhellēnes ὁ Ἕλλην Hellēn ἡ Ἑλένη Helĕn Grāī, Græcī: Roman name Archaic Period 800 – 480 BC Classical Period 480 – 323 BC Hellenistic Period 323 – 27 BC Archaic Period 800 – 480 BC Archaic Period πόλις polis 800 – 480 BC ἀλφάβητος alphabet money τύραννος tyrant Archaic Period 800– 480 BC “Homer” Iliad Odyssey Homeric Hyms Hesiod Theogony Works and Days Archaic Period 800 – 480 BC Second Persian War ὁ τῶν Περσῶν μέγας βασιλεὺς Ξέρξης Xerxes the Great King of the Persians 480 BC Classical Period 480 – 323 BC democracy monarchy oligarchy Ionians Dorians Athens Sparta Sparta a ni Io Athens Classical Period 480 – 323 BC γυμνάσιον, συμπόσιον, παιδεραστία gymnasium, symposium, pederasty ἑταίρα hetaira (“escort”) παρθένος, νύμφη, γυνή parthenos, nymph, gyne virgin, bride, wife Classical Period 480 – 323 BC Philosophy ὁ Πλάτων Plato Classical Period 480 – 323 BC Tragedy ὁ Αἰσχύλος Æschylus ὁ Σοφοκλῆς Sophocles ὁ Εὐριπίδης Euripides Classical Period 480 – 323 BC ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας Alexander the Great active 336 – 323 BC Hellenistic Period Rome 323 – 27 BC Macedonia Seleucia Carthage Alexandria Hellenistic Period 323 – 27 BC Μουσαῖον Museum Library at Alexandria Hellenistic Period 323 – 27 BC Romans Titus Quinctius Flaminius 196 BC Lucius Mummius Achaicus 146 BC What is myth? Plato’s Four Levels of Understanding 1 τὸ ὄνομα to onoma 2 ὁ λόγος ho logos name name, word, slogan account definition, history, rational explanation 3 τὸ εἴδωλον to eidōlon image picture, myth, allegory 4 ἡ ἐπιστήμη hē epistēmē knowledge your understanding 5 ὃ δὴ γνωστόν τε what is knowable what you’re trying καῖ ἀληθῶς ἐστιν ὄν and really exists to understand To which level belongs… a story about Psyche (=the soul) pursuing Eros (=the god of desire)? the history of the 300 Spartans dying in battle against the Persian army at Thermopylæ? learning that “Jupiter” is the Latin name for the Greek god “Zeus?” a scholar’s interpretation of a myth? a vase painting depicting Hermes and Apollo? tradition religion cult myth ritual philosophy literature & art Pliny makes a sacrifice to the genius (protective spirit) of the emperor. Ovid writes a poem about a nymph turning into a tree. Apuleius writes a story about Cupid and Psyche (“Desire” and “the Soul”) as a way of explaining the rites of initiation into the mysteries of Isis, but also to encode something inexplicable about the soul’s desire for truth. Are myths true or false? Xenophanes πάντα θεοῖσ᾽ ἀνέθηκαν Ὅμηρός θ' Ἡσίοδός τε, ὅσσα παρ᾽ ἀνθρώποισιν ὀνείδεα καὶ ψόγος ἐστίν, κλέπτειν μοιχεύειν τε καὶ ἀλλήλους ἀπατεύειν. Αἰθίοπές τε θεοὺς σφετέρους σιμοὺς μέλανάς τε Θρῇκές τε γλαυκοὺς καὶ πυρρούς φασι πέλεσθαι. So, what kind of men were Homer and Hesiod? Euhumerus Palæphatus μῦθος mythos λόγος logos undemonstrable truth resting on traditional authority demonstrable truth deriving authority from its own logic communal responsibility author takes responsibility Martin, R. 1989. The Language of Heroes. Ithaca, NY. divine myth gods legend / saga elite heroes folktale everyone else The fox tricks the wolf into sparing the sheep Hermes steals cattle from Apollo Demeter holds a mortal boy over a hearth fire to make him invulnerable Agamemnon, king of the Greeks, leads an army against the people of Troy Can we taxonify myth by function? allegory philosophic allegory mystery ætiological myth creation myth cosmogony theogony foundation myth charter myth Cambridge ritual theory etymology eschatological myth soteriological myth Women are considered untrustworthy because Pandora could not control her curiosity Zeus was born of Cronus, who was born of Uranus Dionysus conquered death, and he will share his secrets with worthy initiates into his cult Aphrodite went into her temple, where her priestesses washed and bathed her. Æneas escaped from Troy and built Rome. Freud Individual Unconscious Jung Collective Unconscious
