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lpy\physics\formula.doc May, 17 Useful Formulae in Advanced Level Physics A1. v2 2r r A2. a 2 x A3. L I A4. a dL dt A5. 1 E I 2 2 B1. T v m B2. E v T B3. n tan p B4. d C1. C2. C3. C4. C5. D 4 o r C6. C10. 1 E CV 2 2 C11. I nAvQ C12. l R A C13. F BQv sin C14. f BIl sin C15. BI V nQt C16. I B o 2r l II F o 1 2 2r C20. E BAN sin t C21. Vs / V p N s / N p C22. E L velocity of longitudinal wave motion in a solid C23. E definition of the decibel C28. Vo Ao V V Newton’s law of gravitation C30. gravitational potential Kepler’s third law electric field due to a point charge decay of charge with time when a capacitor discharges rise of charge with time when charging a capacitor energy stored in a capacitor general current flow equation resistance and resistivity force on a moving charge in a magnetic field force on a moving conductor in a magnetic field Hall voltage magnetic field due to long straight wire dI dt 1 2 LI 2 C24. X L L C25. 1 XC C C26. P IV cos C27. Vout R L Vin RB C29. capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor o B velocity of transverse wave motion in a stretched string electric field between parallel plates (numerically) V E d C7. Q o A C V d C8. Q Q et / RC C19. T BANI sin electric potential due to a point charge Q C9. Q Q 1 et / RC o angular momentum of a rigid body torque on a rotating body diffraction grating equation Doppler frequency I 10 log10 2 I1 Gm1m2 F r2 GM V r r 3 / T 2 constant Q E 4 o r 2 V simple harmonic motion C18. refractive index and polarising angle fringe width in double slit interference a B5. d sin n B6. v uo f f ' v us B7. C17. energy stored in a rotating body o NI centripetal acceleration A Rf A 1 Rf P o t1 2 D13. 1 energy stored in an inductor reactance of an inductor reactance of a capacitor power in an a.c. circuit voltage gain of transistor amplifier in the common emitter configuration output voltage of op-amp (open-loop) gain of inverting amplifier ln 2 k mv m2 h 2 D14. E mc 2 gain of non-inverting amplifier Ri 1 2 v gh 2 = constant D9. Q U W D10. 13 .6 En 2 eV n D11. N N e kt D12. force per unit length between long parallel straight current carrying conductors torque on rectangular current carrying coil in uniform magnetic field simple generator e.m.f. ratio of secondary voltage to primary voltage in a transformer e.m.f. induced in an inductor Ri D1. PV nRT NkT D2. 1 PV Nmc 2 3 D3. 3RT 3 Ek kT 2N A 2 D4. F x E / A L D5. 1 E Fx 2 D6. dU F dr D7. E k / r D8. magnetic field inside long solenoid equation of state for an ideal gas kinetic theory equation molecular kinetic energy macroscopic definition of Young modulus energy stored in stretching relationship between force and potential energy microscopic interpretation of Young modulus Bernoulli’s equation first law of thermodynamics energy level equation for hydrogen atom law of radioactive decay half-life and decay constant Einstein’s photoelectric equation mass-energy relationship