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Transcript
SOLAR 101 Welcome Housekeeping Questions/Comments During the Presentation. 1) Click on the Notes Tab. 2) Select the recipient. 3) Type your question/comment in the box. 4) Click send. Page 2 Agenda • • • • • • • Page 3 Solar Market Introduction Market Segments Applications Market Growth Analysis Centralized vs. De-centralized Installations Crenlo Product Opportunities Sales Tools Types of Solar Electric Power Photo Voltaic or (PV) covers the field which utilizes the photoelectric or Hertz effect to generate Direct Current (DC) electron flow. Page 4 Concentrated Solar Power or (CSP) uses reflective mirrors to concentrate power either to a PV array or to a thermal fluid to drive a generator. PV Market Segments Focus Types Residential Commercial Utility 10 - 150 kW 150 - 500kW 350 - 1MW 55-70% 30-40% 1-5% (of all types total power usage in the US residential is about 37%) Inverter Size Rated Output Power % of US Market Inverter Manufacturer s with CAL SB1 Page 5 50 13 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Advanced Energy SatCon Technology Siemens Industries SMA America Schneider Electric (Xantrex) Measures of Power The Watt (W) is a unit of power which is the work done when one ampere (A or Amp) of current flows through an electrical potential of one Volt (V). W = VA A ten square foot solar panel produces about 16.8 Volts delivering about 7.3 Amps. Total wattage is 120W. Such a panel would be: • 38” x 38” in size 38” • Have 24 cells and • Weigh about 25 lbs. Value Symbol Name 103 W kW kilowatt 106 W MW megawatt 109 W GW gigawatt 38” Page 6 8 kW Installation (Residential) Page 7 220 kW Installation (Commercial) Page 8 10,000 kW (10 MW) Installation (Utility) Page 9 Utility and Commercial Installation Growth 300 kW - Commercial 500 kW – Commercial / Utility 750 kW - Utility 1MW - Utility Revenue ($m) 10-35 kW Page 10 > 500 kW Revenue for GRID-TIED Enclosure Products Inverter Enclosures Only (US Market) $10,000,000 Enclosure Revenue $ $8,000,000 $6,000,000 $4,000,000 $2,000,000 $2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year Inverter Enclosures Only Page 11 2006 2007 2008 2009 Revenue for GRID-TIED Enclosure Products All PV Enclosures (US Market) $10,000,000 Enclosure Revenue $ $8,000,000 $6,000,000 $4,000,000 $2,000,000 $2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year Inverter Enclosures Only Page 12 Total PV Enclosures 2008 2009 Growth Industry Getting in now even with a reasonably small customer and growth may be phenomenal. Crenlo Inverter Enclosures Sold 450 427 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 86 50 9 0 2008 Page 13 2009 2010 YTD What's Driving the Growth Page 14 Cost of Power (2003) The average US household consumes 920 kWh per month. $57.00 in ID (vs) $131.00 in CA (vs) $215.00 in HI These economics are why HI and CA are leading in PV installations. Page 15 Potential Customers Commercial / Utility Size KACO – San Francisco, CA EATON – Moon Township, PA SatCon – Boston MA SMA Rocklin, CA Ingeteam – Santa Clara, CA Nextronex – Milbury, OH PV Powered - Bend Oregon Advanced Energy – Fort Collins CO Schneider Electric (Xantrex) – Pallantine IL Exceltech Ft. Worth TX Emerson – Carlsbad, CA (also in Eden Prairie, MN) Page 16 How does Crenlo fit in? Combiner Boxes Centralized Installation De-Centralized Installation Combiner Boxes DC Disconnect Inverter Enclosure Inverter Enclosure Page 17 The Great Debate Inverter manufacturers are arguing over two different installation methods they think the industry should use. Centralized vs. De-centralized. Centralized One inverter is sized for the array. Component Solar Cells Ratio to Inverters 100,000 De-Centralized Many smaller inverters are matched to the array. Component Solar Cells Combiner Box 20 Combiner Box DC Disconnect 1 Inverter 500kW 1 AC Disconnect 1 DC Disconnect Inverters 100kW AC Disconnect Transformer Transformer Page 18 .25 Ratio to Inverters 100,000 0-20 5 enclosures each housing Disconnects, Inverters, Transformers Product Application – Junction/Combiner Boxes Their function is to gather wires from solar panels. Junction Box Combiner Box Fixed Dynamic Standard To Fit Inverter Sensors No Yes Display No Yes Intelligent No Yes Heat Sinks / Cooling No Yes Wiring Customization Combiner Boxes are sized to fit the inverter and therefore are often sold in conjunction with Inverters. Page 19 Junction / Combiner Box - Wiring Subtleties Page 20 Product Application - DC Disconnect Their function is to cut DC power from the PV array. They are often distinguished by monitoring displays. DC Disconnect Boxes are sized to fit the inverter and therefore are often sold in conjunction with Inverters. Page 21 Product Application - Inverter Housing Their function is to protect multiple smaller Inverters. Mounting points for a variety of hardware solutions. Provides additional safety & security. Wiring management & protection. Provides solar shield (ironically) for inverter cooling. Page 22 Product Application – Inverter Enclosure Their function is to protect and keep the inverter functioning at maximum efficiency. 333kW Inverter Page 23 500kW Inverter 1MW Inverter Crenlo Capabilities - Serviceability Footprint or Overall size • French Doors to Minimize door swing. • Wind hold opens – locks doors open even in high wind. Equipment access from multiple sides • Removable panels. • High capacity slides. Human Factors • Ergonomics. • Weight of doors and panels. • Reach over. Page 24 Crenlo Capabilities - Efficiency Imagine one of these heaters inside of an inverter. • When an inverter is operating at optimum efficiency excess heat is generated inside of the enclosure. • To keep the inverter working efficiency this heat needs to be removed. • Crenlo can help with this. Page 25 Crenlo Capabilities - Efficiency • It is common for an inverter to have sections with varying NEMA ratings for sealing or even EMI ratings. • Crenlo can offer solutions and assistance in these cases. • Environmental Gasketing NEMA 3/3R/4X/12 Page 26 Crenlo Capabilities – Corrosion Protection Often enclosures require additional level of corrosion protection. • Steel with E-coat in-house electro coating process with powder coat. • Galvanized or Galvaneal with powder coat • Aluminum Page 27 Selling Plan • Customer leads are being developed. • Qualify the leads and make customer presentations – include your Regional Manager. • High light our custom capabilities. • Collateral is being developed. Page 28 Products and Customers • Customer types would be commercial and utility size. • Volume can be small to start. Regular ongoing business is preferred. Forecasted if possible. • Bring your opportunities through your Crenlo Regional Manager. They will typically be the key contacts for these applications. Page 29 Questions? THANK YOU Resources/References http://www.earth-policy.org/index.php?/indicators/C47/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics http://www.electroiq.com/index/display/photovoltaics-article-display/5362060331/articles/PhotovoltaicsWorld/industry-news/2010/august/strong-demand_in_2009.html http://www.gosolarcalifornia.ca.gov/equipment/inverters.php http://michaelbluejay.com/electricity/cost.html http://worldwatts.com/panels.html http://www.electroiq.com/index/display/photovoltaics-article-display/2776547518/articles/Photovoltaics-World/boscomponents/inverters/2010/september/pv-inverter_outlook.html http://www.pvresources.com/en/glossary.php Page 31 BONUS MATERIAL Page 32 US PV Market – with Cumulative US Grid Tied PV Installations (MWs) 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 M W 600 400 200 0 2000 2001 2002 Annual Installations Page 33 2003 2004 Cumulative Installations 2005 2006 2007 Expon. (Annual Installations) 2008 2009 Centralized Installation •Reduce capital by leveraging economies of scale •Strings are wired to a central inverter. •Connects to Grid at single point and therefore prominent strategy for Utility Scale and grid-tied commercial Combiner Boxes Panels Inverter Enclosure DC Disconnect Page 34 Centralized Installation • Reduce capital by leveraging economies of scale and bring back strings to a central inverter. • Connects to Grid at single point and therefore prominent strategy for high power Grid Tied Page 35 Centralized Installation 25kW Max 25kW Max 25kW Max 500kW Inverter Page 36 25kW Max 25kW Max De-centralized Installation •Distribute PV modules to individual inverters. •This gives some potential increase because of Irradiance and resistance variations & redundancy. Panels •Logical for Residential and Users Inverter Enclosure Combiner Boxes Page 37 De-centralized Installation • Distribute PV modules to individual inverters. • This gives some potential increase because of Irradiance and resistance variations & redundancy. • Logical for Residential and Users Page 38 De-Centralized Installation 125kW Inverter Page 39 125kW Inverter 125kW Inverter 125kW Inverter Combiner Boxes - Wiring Subtleties Power = Voltage X Current W = VA Each of these wiring produced the same power 3Ws But to a solar designer there are distinct differences Case for Parallel: (MPP) Maximum Power Point Tracking The greatest efficiency changes according to Irradiance and temperature Page 40 Combiner Boxes - Wiring Subtleties Case for Series: Wired in series created the term. Current heats up conductors (think stove top, hair dryer, incandescent light bulb) which cause resistive losses in terms of heat, light and other forms of radiation. (This is one reason everyone keeps dreaming of the room-temperature super conductor.) Therefore if you are planning to run power into the electric grid you may choose to run at high voltage (rather than high A current). Many DC busses run at 400 or 600 Volts) Page 41 Start Voltage: Inverters have a minimum DC voltage that is required for start up AC to DC UL 1741 and IEEE 1547 require all grid-tied inverters to disconnect from the grid within 2 seconds if: • The AC line voltage or frequency go out of spec limits from the standard. • If the inverter becomes an “Island” meaning that the grid is no longer present. • They must remain disconnected for five minutes until normal circumstances return • These protect the grid, and power works restoring the grid after power outages. Page 42 Typical Installation - Residential Individual residence typically use small devices which combine: •The wiring junctions •DC Disconnect •Power Inversion •AC Disconnect •And AC Transformer Many homes are off-grid and the DC power charges batteries or the AC power just supplies power to dedicated circuits. Page 43 Example Installations Residential Commercial Utility 8kW Installation 220kW Installation 10,000kW Installation Page 44 Functional Steps in PV Power Page 45 Enclosure Products for Solar PV Market Inverter Enclosures Combiner/Junction Box DC Disconnect Box Page 46