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Head & Neck – Pharynx and Larynx 1 Describe the position of the pharynx Max. Mark Actual Mark 1 2 Describe the boundaries of the pharynx and where it is widest and narrowest Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 3 Name the most superior part of the pharynx. Describe its location, function and epithelium. Describe its clinical relevance. Max. Mark Actual Mark 5 4 Max. Mark 5 Name the middle part of the pharynx. Describe its location, boundaries, function and epithelium Actual Mark 5 Name the inferior part of the pharynx. Describe its location, boundaries and epithelium Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 6 Describe the wall of the pharynx Max. Mark Actual Mark 3 7 Name the muscles involved in the outer circular muscle layer of the pharynx Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 8 Max. Mark 3 Describe where the outer muscle layer attaches posteriorly and what happens to them anteriorly. Describe their function during swallowing Actual Mark 9 Name the muscles involved in the inner longitudinal muscle layer of the pharynx. Describe their function during swallowing. Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 10 Describe the innervation of the pharynx Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 11 Describe the sensory innervation of the pharynx Max. Mark Actual Mark 2 12 Describe the motor innervation of the pharynx Max. Mark Actual Mark 2 13 Max. Mark 2 Name and describe the first phase of swallowing Actual Mark 14 Name and describe the second phase of swallowing Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 15 Name and describe the third phase of swallowing Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 16 Describe the different muscle in different areas of the oesophagus and what control they are under Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 17 Max. Mark 3 Describe the blood supply of the pharynx. What artery do these vessels all branch off of? Actual Mark 18 Describe the venous drainage of the pharynx Max. Mark Actual Mark 2 19 Describe the nerves in the afferent pathway and efferent pathway of the gag reflex Max. Mark Actual Mark 2 20 What does the gag reflex test? Max. Mark Actual Mark 1 21 What are the adenoids? Describe their location. What happens to them during infection? What happens to them in recurrent infections? Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 22 Max. Mark 3 Describe the clinical features of enlarged adenoids Actual Mark 23 The Palatine Tonsils lie in the Tonsillar fossa between two arches Name these two arches and describe their position Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 24 Describe the lymphatic drainage of the palatine fossa and its location Max. Mark Actual Mark 2 25 During a Tonsillectomy, there is a potential for bleeding as the palatine tonsils are very vascular. Describe what artery the bleeding is usually from. Describe any other nearby neurovascular structures Max. Mark Actual Mark 3 26 What is Quinsy? How does it progress? What is a sign? How do you treat it? Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 27 Max. Mark 3 Describe common sites for food becoming stuck in the second part of the pharynx Actual Mark 28 Describe common sites for food becoming stuck in the third part of the pharynx Max. Mark Actual Mark 2 29 Describe where the Larynx extends to and from Max. Mark Actual Mark 2 30 What is the larynx’s most vital function? Max. Mark Actual Mark 1 31 The Laryngeal Skeleton is made up of the hyoid bone and 9 cartilages. How many unpaired cartilages are there? Name them Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 32 Max. Mark 4 The Laryngeal Skeleton is made up of the hyoid bone and 9 cartilages. How many paired cartilages are there? Name them Actual Mark 33 What is the epiglottis? How and where is it attached? Max. Mark Actual Mark 2 34 What is the thyroid cartilage colloquially known as? What portion of it can be used to find a spinal level, what spinal level is this and what happens at this level? Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 35 The thyroid cartilage has 2 lamina and 2 horns. Describe how and what the horns articulate to or with Max. Mark Actual Mark 2 36 What shape is the Cricoid Cartilage? It has 2 articular facets on either side, what do they articulate with? What can its surface marking indicate? Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 37 Max. Mark 4 What shape is the Arytenoid Cartilage? What is it crucially involved in? Describe its anterior and lateral sides Actual Mark 38 What is the crico vocal ligament/membrane also known as? What does it mainly consist of? Describe its upper and lower borders Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 39 The internal larynx is split into 3 divisions. Name the first one and its borders. Max. Mark Actual Mark 3 40 The internal larynx is split into 3 divisions. Name the second one and its borders. Max. Mark Actual Mark 3 41 The internal larynx is split into 3 divisions. Name the third one and its borders. Max. Mark Actual Mark 3 42 Max. Mark 4 Name the extrinsic laryngeal muscles and their function Actual Mark 43 Name what the intrinsic laryngeal muscles act on and their function Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 44 Describe the innervation of the intrinsic laryngeal nerves Max. Mark Actual Mark 3 45 Name the layers of the vocal cords Max. Mark Actual Mark 3 46 Describe the mucosa of the vocal cords and explain the implication of this Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 47 Max. Mark 3 Describe the actions of the lateral cricoarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid and the cricothyroid muscles Actual Mark 48 What cranial nerve innervates the larynx Max. Mark Actual Mark 1 49 Describe the innervation of the larynx Max. Mark Actual Mark 6 50 Describe what levels the right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves descend to and what they curve around Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 51 Why is hoarseness of voice a red flag symptom? Max. Mark Actual Mark 1 52 Max. Mark 4 Name some causes of hoarseness of voice Actual Mark 53 Describe blood supply to the larynx and what the vessels are a branches of Max. Mark Actual Mark 2 54 Describe the venous drainage of the larynx and what these veins drain into Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 55 What are some causes of laryngeal obstruction? Max. Mark Actual Mark 4 56 Max. Mark 2 Describe the procedures that can be done in an emergency situation in a laryngeal obstruction. Actual Mark
