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Exploring Creation Through General Science Module 14 Notes The human respiratory and circulatory systems Vocabulary to Know: Veins – blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart Arteries – blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart Capillaries – tiny, thin-walled vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and cells Circulatory System Most oxygen exchange takes place in the capillaries Majority of veins carry deoxygenated blood Majority of arteries carry oxygenated blood Four chambered heart is extremely efficient, keeping deoxygenated and oxygenated blood completely separated **Know heart diagram, main parts of the heart, how blood flows through and where Oxygenated blood and Deoxygenated blood can be found Blood Blood plasma – pale yellowish liquid that hold three types of blood cells Types of blood cells: 1 1. Red blood cells – transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, red in color from hemoglobin a. Hemoglobin – protein in red blood cells that holds onto the oxygen until it gets where it needs to go 2. White blood cells – only 1% of blood types, protects the body from pathogens or disease a. Antibodies – chemicals produced by some white blood cells that act like poison to invading organisms 3. Blood platelets – one purpose, to aide in process of coagulation or blood clotting Bone marrow – where blood cells are made Coagulation or blood clotting – process by which blood seals wounds to keep them from leaking out an injured artery and is aided by blood platelets Blood Types Type Receive from A A, O B B, O AB A, B, AB, O O O ** know chart for test Donate to A, AB B, AB AB A, B, AB, O Special name Universal recipient Universal donor Respiratory System Alveoli – small sacks at the end of the bronchioles, covered with capillaries that exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide **know diagram of Respiratory system and how air moves through it 2 Inhaling: Nasal or mouth cavity pharynx larynx trachea bronchial tubes bronchioles alveoli oxygen to blood Exhaling: Carbon dioxide from blood alveoli bronchioles bronchial tubes larynx pharynx nasal or mouth cavity Voice Box Larynx or vocal chords – provide voice when air passes over it when you exhale o More air out the louder your voice is Plants Xylem – tubes that provide water from the roots to the entire plant Phloem – tubes that carry food from the leaves to the rest of the plant 3