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ARCH5832
Materials and Construction in Architectural Conservation
2014-15 2nd Semester
Instructors: Professor Andrea Hamilton, Strathclyde University / Professor
Zhou Shuanglin, Peking University
DESCRIPTION
Every building tradition has its unique construction system employing primarily local materials and craft
technique. This course will introduce to the students the different materials and constructional techniques used in
buildings in Hong Kong, China and Japan, and conservation know-how in dealing with these materials and
constructions. It is also the intention to cover the building practices and new materials introduced in early 20 th
century in the region.
OBJECTIVES
 To understand the properties and usage of different materials in regional architecture, traditional and the 20th
century.
 To understand the constructional system and practices in regional architecture.
 To be aware of the issues involved in the conservation of the materials and construction of regional architecture.
 To be able to assess the need of conservation and devise strategy and method for conserving regional buildings.
ASSESSMENT SCHEME
Attendance and class discussions
Fieldtrip exercises
Final essay
10%
30%
60%
COURSE FORMAT
The course will deal with two main subject matters: Materials and Construction. Materials used in regional
architecture will be examined: wood, stone, brick, ceramic, metal, etc. The lectures will cover different building
materials used in traditional architecture and early 20th century buildings and their properties. Common issues
faced during the conservation of these materials will also be introduced together with the methods for
conservation.
The second aspect of the course is to introduce the construction system in regional architectural traditions which
is based primarily on the building materials used. We will examine the timber structure, roof, wall and other
elements in a building and the interface between different materials of the building elements.
In both subject matters, the main format of the classes would be lecture, supplemented by field visits.
REFERENCE BOOK
As below.
SCHEDULE
1.
Introduction
Weaver, Martin E. Conserving buildings: guide to techniques and materials. New York: Preservation Press:
Wiley, c1997. [ARL - NA105 .W43 1997]
Williams, Andrew R. A practical guide to alterations and extensions. London: E & FN Spon, 1995. [ARL TH3401 .W54 1995]
C:\ Users\ christinelo\ Desktop \ ACD\ Course outline\ Course Outline ARCH 5832-2014-15.d oc 7/ 31/ 2014
Wenhua bu wenwu baohu keyansuo 文化部文物保護科硏所. Zhongguo gujia zhu xiushan jishu 中囯古建
築修繕技術 [Techniques for the Repair of Ancient Chinese Architecture]. Beijing: Zhongguo jianzhu
gongye chubanshe, 1983. [ARL NA1543 .C546]
Qi Yingtao 祁英涛. Zhongguo gudai jianzhu de baohu yu weixiu 中囯古代建築的保護與維修 [The
Protection and Renovation of Ancient Chinese Architecture]. Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe, 1986. [ARL NA1543 .C38]
2.
The Conservation and Repair of Brick and lime
Bricks have been used in variety of buildings in South East Asia and constructions of China, as well as
buildings in twentieth century. What are the features of different kinds of bricks, construction and
conservation techniques? Also, bricks works are usually used with lime for mortar, render, plaster and
limewash. This lecture will also introduce the lime cycle and lime mixing.
Warren, John. Conservation of brick. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999. [ARL - NA4120 .W37 1999]
N.S. Baer, S. Fitz, and R.A. Livingston ed. Conservation of historic brick structures: case studies and
reports of research. Shaftesbury: Donhead, 1998. [ARL - TH3311 .C66 1998]
Lynch, Gerard C. J. Brickwork: history, technology and practice. London: Donhead, 1994. [ARL TA432
.L96 1994 vol.1 and vol.2 ]
Ashurst, John. Practical building conservation: English heritage technical handbook: Brick v. 2. Aldershot,
Hants, England: Gower Technical Press, 1988. [ARL TH3351.A84 1988 v.2]
Holmes, Stafford. Building with lime: a practical introduction. London: Intermediate Technology, 1997.
[UL - TA434 .H65 1997]
Ashurst, John. Practical building conservation: English heritage technical handbook: Mortars, Plasters and
Renders v. 3. Aldershot, Hants, England: Gower Technical Press, 1988. [ARL TH3351.A84 1988 v.3]
3.
The Conservation and Repair of Stone
Stones have been applied as structural and decorative materials for buildings. However, stone weathers and
decays for a number of reasons. This lecture will discuss why and how stone decays and what are the
appropriate repair or conservation techniques.
Ashurst, John, Dimes, G. Francis ed. Conservation of building and decorative stone. Oxford; Woburn,
Mass.: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998. [ARL - TH1201 .C66 1998]
Davis, S. G. Building stones and rock materials used in Hong Kong. 1965. [UL - TN954.H6D3]
Ashurst, John. Practical building conservation: English heritage technical handbook: Stone Masonry v. 1.
Aldershot, Hants, England: Gower Technical Press, 1988. [ARL TH3351.A84 1988 v.1]
4.
Conservation and Repair of Structural Timber in Historic Buildings
Wood is widely used in historical buildings, especially in East Asia region. This lecture will focus on the
characteristics, construction method and current repair techniques of different types of structural timber of
historical buildings. The history and problem of timber framed buildings of different region will also be
introduced.
Charles, F.W.B. (Frederick William Bolton) The conservation of timber buildings. London: Hutchinson,
1984.
Larsen, Knut Einar. Conservation of historic timber structures: an ecological approach. Oxford, [England];
Boston : Butterworth Heinemann, 2000. [ARL - NA105 .L37 2000]
Ridout, Brian. Timber decay in buildings: the conservation approach to treatment. New York: E & FN
Spon, 2000. [ARL - TA422 .R54 2000]
Coggins, C. R. Decay of timber in buildings: dry rot, wet rot and other fungi. East Grinstead, W. Sussex:
Rentokil,, 1980. [ARL - TA422.C63]
Ashurst, John. Practical building conservation: English heritage technical handbook: wood v. 5. Aldershot,
Hants, England: Gower Technical Press, 1988. [ARL TH3351.A84 1988 v.5]
5.
Conservation of Non Structural and Decorative Timber in Historic Buildings
For Chinese buildings, wood carving is commonly used as decoration on doors, windows, shrines and even
on structural timbers. For twentieth century buildings, wood is also used as windows, joists, floors or doors.
This lecture will focus on the replace, repair and conservation techniques of decorative timber.
6.
The Conservation and Repair of Ceramic Building Materials
Ceramic buildings materials are used as tiles and decorations on roof ridge etc. This lecture will discuss how
they are made, how they decay, how to repair, replace of and conserve them.
Buys, Susan; Oakley, Victoria. The conservation and restoration of ceramics. Oxford [England]; Boston:
Butterworth-Heinemann, 1993. [NA - NK4233.B89 1993]
Li Jinming 李金明, Zhou Jianzhong 周建忠. Gu jianzhu wagong 古建築瓦工 [Ceramic and Clay tiles in
Ancient Architecture] Beijing: Zhongguo jianzhu gongye chubanshe, 2004.
7.
The Conservation of Twentieth Century Buildings
In the 20th century, buildings were built with imported materials, facilities and construction methods. Besides
using metals as irons and steels, reinforced concrete was the most widely adapted material. For the
conservation of twentieth century building, we have to know why it is important, how its components might
be decaying and what to do about it. The variety of twentieth century buildings and the materials will be
introduced. Concrete repairs will be covered in detail.
Stratton, Michael ed. Structure and style: conserving twentieth century buildings. London: E & FN Spon,
1997. [ARL - NA109.G7 S78 1997]
Jester, Thomas C. Twentieth-century building materials: history and conservation. New York: McGrawHill, c1995. [ARL - TA403.6 .T87 1995]
Lai Delin 賴德霖. Zhongguo jindai jianzhu shi yanjiu 中國近代建築史研究 [Research in the History of
Contemporary Chinese Architecture]. Beijing: Qinghua daxue chubanshe, 2007. [ARL - NA1545 .L34 2007]
8.
The Conservation of Historic Interiors
How to identify and understand the significance of historic interior? Once you have understood the interior
how do you install services- electricity, security and fire detection systems etc? This lecture will discuss
methods to identify the agents of deterioration, as well as introduce method of dating of interiors through
studies of textiles, and fixtures and fittings.
Fawcett, Jane ed. Historic floors: their history and conservation. Oxford, UK; Boston, Mass.: ButterworthHeinemann, 1998. [ARL - NA2970 .H57 1998]
Tutton, Michael; Hirst, Elizabeth; Pearce, Jill ed. Windows: history, repair, and conservation. Shaftesbury:
Donhead Pub., 2007. [ARL - NA3020 .W56 2007]
Ashurst, John. Practical building conservation: English heritage technical handbook: Metals v. 4.
Aldershot, Hants, England: Gower Technical Press, 1988. [ARL TH3351.A84 1988 v.4]
9.
Recording Historic Buildings
Measured drawing helps us to understand all the elements and the construction method of a historic building.
It also helps to trace how the building has been altered over time. This lecture will discuss recording method,
either for historical purposes or for commissioning work.
John A. Burns and the staff of the Historic American Buildings Survey, Historic American Engineering
Record, and Historic American Landscapes Survey, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior
ed. Recording historic structures. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, c2004. [ARL - E159 .R425 2004]
Wang qiheng 王其亨, Wu Cong 吳葱, Bai Chengjun 白成軍 ed. Gu Jianzhu Cehui 古建築測繪 [Measured
Drawing of Ancient Architecture]. Beijing: Zhongguo jianzhu gongye chubanshe, 2004.
Lin Yuan 林源. Gu jianzhu cehuixue 古建築測繪學 [Measured Drawings of Ancient Architecture]. Beijing:
Zhongguo jianzhu gongye chubanshe, 2003. [ARL - NA2712 .L55 2003]
Dunbar D. Measure for measure: a practical guide for recording buildings and landscapes. Red Hill, ACT:
National Education Division, The Royal Australian Institute of Architects, c1990. [ARL - NA2712.M32
1990]
10. Conclusion
FIELD TRIP
(please check the boxes)
[X] Yes  [X] Local; [] Overseas  Date(s):
[
Destination(s): Hong Kong
] No
SAME COURSE OFFERED BEFORE (student has taken the same course is not allowed to retake)
(please check the boxes)
[X] Yes  Offer year [2013-14]  Term 2nd]  Course code [ARCH5832]
[ ] No
IMPORTANT NOTE TO STUDENT:
Attention is drawn to University policy and regulations on honesty in academic work, and to the disciplinary
guidelines and procedures applicable to breaches of such policy and regulations. Details may be found at
http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/policy/academichonesty/ . With each assignment, students will be required to submit a
statement that they are aware of these policies, regulations, guidelines and procedures.