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BIOL V04 Lecture: Energy-Releasing Pathways (Ch 8)
© copyright 2012 Marta D. de Jesus
I. In general: organisms require lots of Energy - how do they get it?
A. Nutritional modes for organisms
1. where is the energy from
2. where is the carbon for synthesis
3. combinations:
photoautotroph
photoheterotroph
chemoautotroph
chemoheterotroph
B. we (humans) “burn” food
C. but we can’t make it
D. microbes have more options
E. kinds of reactions we’ll see
1. functional group transfers
a. phosphorylations
b. dephosphorylations
c. decarboxylations
2. redox reactions
3. internal rearrangements
II. Cellular/Aerobic Respiration
A. glycolysis
1. involves series of steps
2. things to know
a. 2 sets of steps
b. what goes in & what comes out (net process/glucose):
c. O2
B. if enough O2 present & if the organism has system to do this
preparatory/transition reaction
1. pyruvate
2. net process/glucose:
C. citric acid/TCA/Krebs cycle
many steps involving many enzymes
net process:
D. electron transport chain
process
E. chemiosmosis
Peter Mitchell (Nobel Prize-Chem 1978)
ATP synthase
Paul Boyer & John Walker (Nobel Prize-Chem 1997).
why important?
F. summary
1. glycolysis
2. transport into mitochondrion
3. Krebs cycle
4. ETC & chemiosmosis
5. coordination
6. Any food can be used?
7. negative feedback
III. Anaerobic Respiration
IV. Fermentation
takes place in
1. lactic acid
2. ethanolic/alcoholic
3. Why do this?
Other kinds
V. Anaerobic animals
Study suggestion: use modules/study in bite-size pieces at first.
Just Some of the Animations about Metabolism on the Web
(not all links checked since 2/06)
Glycolysis
With "flat" molecules
http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/crswr/glycolysismov.html
(not sure if this one is still working)
with space-filling models of molecules
http://www.johnkyrk.com/glycolysis.html
with enzymes too
http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology1111/animations/glycolysis.html
or interactive pathways
http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/Pathways/glycolysis/index.html
http://biotech.icmb.utexas.edu/glycolysis/pathway.html
Alcoholic fermentation
With "flat" molecules
http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/crswr/yeastfermmov.html
Lactate fermentation
With "flat" molecules
http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/crswr/musclefermmov.html
Transition/Preparatory Reaction
With "flat" molecules
http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/crswr/pyroxidmov.html
Krebs cycle/Citric Acid cycle/TCA cycle
With "flat" molecules
http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/crswr/krebsmov.html
or with space-filling models of molecules
http://www.johnkyrk.com/krebs.html
or interactive pathways
http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/Pathways/Citric_acid_cycle/index.html
Mitochondrial Aerobic Respiration
"cut-out" version
http://bio.winona.msus.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/echain.htm
or
http://www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit4/metabolism/energy/chemios.html
(can run slow)
With "flat" molecules
http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/crswr/chemiosmosis.html
with space-filling models of molecules
http://www.johnkyrk.com/mitochondrion.html
aerobic & anaerobic
http://www.sp.uconn.edu/~terry/Common/respiration.html
Electron transport chain
http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations/etc/index.htm
ATP synthase
http://www.iubmb-nicholson.org/atpase.html
http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations/atpgradient/movie.htm
http://online.physics.uiuc.edu/courses/phys498bio/spring09/LECTURE6/4ATPsynthaseGrahamGarland.mov
Photosynthesis
"cut-out" version
http://www.cix.co.uk/~argus/Dreambio/photosynthesis/photosynthsis animation.htm
with space-filling models of molecules
http://www.johnkyrk.com/photosynthesis.html -andhttp://www.johnkyrk.com/photosynthesisdark.html
3D animation
http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/Bio111/Photosynth/PS.html
Combinations
http://www.specialedprep.net/MSAT SCIENCE/Cellular Biology/Photosynthesis1.htm
(And of course there are lots of YouTube and other Internet video providers with content. Note: if
you find one you feel is very helpful, send me the URL & I’ll tell the class. Thanks!)