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GOOD BUDDIES
ACTIVITY
Ecological Relationships “IN” QUESTION
 What
type of
relationship exists
between the two
animals in the cartoon?
 Explain your answer
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4-2 What Shapes an
Ecosystem?
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Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Habitat: area
where an
organism lives
and includes both
biotic and abiotic
factors.
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The Niche
The Niche
Niche: the way which an organism lives and its
role in the environment
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Community Interactions
What interactions occur within
communities?
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Community Interactions
Competition
Between SAME and DIFFERENT kinds of
organisms
Compete with each other for available resources
A resource is any necessity of life, such as water,
nutrients, light, food, or space.
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Community Interactions
Competition
FOOD:
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Community Interactions
Competition
SHELTER:
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Community Interactions
Competition
MATES:
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Community Interactions
Competition
SPACE/TERRITORY:
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Community Interactions
Competition
LIGHT:
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Community Interactions
Direct competition: results in a winner and a loser—
with the losing organism failing to survive.
Competitive exclusion principle: no two species
can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the
same time.
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Community Interactions
The distribution of these warblers avoids direct
competition, because each species feeds in a
different part of the tree.
Feeding height (m)
18
12
6
Cape May Warbler
Bay-Breasted
Warbler
Yellow-Rumped Warbler
0
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Community Interactions
Predation
An interaction in which one
organism captures and
feeds on another organism.
Predator: organism that
does the killing and eating
Prey: food organism being
eaten
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Community Interactions
Symbiosis
Any relationship in which two species live closely
together.
Symbiotic relationships include:
• mutualism
• commensalism
• parasitism
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Community Interactions
Mutualism: both
species benefit from
the relationship.
“Good for me - Good
for you”
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Community Interactions
Commensalism: one
benefits and the other
is neither helped nor
harmed.
“Good for me - Doesn’t
bother you”
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Community Interactions
Parasitism: one
organism lives on or
inside another
organism and harms
it.
“Good for me - Hurts
you”
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