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Name: _______________________________________________________ Date: ________________________________________________________ EOG Science Vocabulary Words Topographic Map Contour Lines Physical Map Vegetation Relief Map Dams Elevation Aerial Erosion Riverbed Tributary Valley Canyon Gorge A map that shows both elevation and the shape of the land. Lines that are used to show elevation on a map A map that shows land forms and bodies of water The plants found in a certain area. Desert vegetation = cacti, bushes, etc. A map that show the physical features of land by using contour lines, colors or shading. A wall built across a river to control the flow of water. A raised geological formation. The height above sea level. Of or relating to the air. The process by which material is worn away by forces such as glaciers, wind, and waves. The path through which the river flows. A stream flowing into a larger stream or river. The land between two mountains, usually containing a river. A deep valley with steep walls on both sides; formed by running water. A steep narrow opening between mountains; a small canyon. 1 Channel Meander Taiga Temperate Forest Tundra Biomes Grassland Estuary Tropical Rainforest Desert Global Warming Deciduous Forest A deep and narrow body of water that allows the best passage for ships. It connects two larger bodies of water. A curve in a stream or river. A biome that is characterized by trees called conifers. It has cold winters, but longer and warmer summers than a tundra. A biome dominated by broadleaved deciduous hardwood trees and also evergreen trees that retain their leaves all year long. This type of forest occurs in a climate with four seasons. A cold treeless area of arctic regions having only low-growing mosses or shrubs. Large regions of the world that have similar characteristics, usually named for the dominant plant life in the area. Biomes contain specific kinds of plants and animals. A biome of wide-open fields containing many grasses but few trees and having low to moderate rainfall. A habitat which the fresh water of a river meets the salt water of the ocean. A hot, wet, equatorial biome that contains the largest numbers of species. A biome where there is very little rainfall. Gradual warming of the earth and its atmosphere that may be caused in part by pollution and an increase in the greenhouse effect. A biome in which the dominant plants are broadleaved trees that shed their leaves every fall. 2 Ecosystem Producers Greenhouse Effect Consumers Population Ozone Layer Decomposers Omnivore Herbivore Food Web Food Chain Energy Pyramid Carnivore Predators Prey Scavenger The environment where living and nonliving things interact. An organism which manufactures its own food through photosynthesis. Process where heat is trapped in the atmosphere. Organisms that eat other organisms in order to get energy. Group of living things of the same species living in a certain area. Located in the stratosphere layer of our atmosphere, it absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Organisms like bacteria, fungi and insects that consume and break down dead plants, animals, and waste materials. In this process, energy and nutrients are returned to the soil. Organisms that eat both meat and plants. Organism that eats plants or producers. The complex pattern of energy transfer in an ecosystem; consists of many interrelated food chains. The path of energy in food from one organism to another organism. The amount of usable energy in an ecosystem is less for each higher animal in the food chain. Movement of energy through an ecosystem. An organism that eats only meat. A consumer that hunts and eats animals. An animal that is hunted or eaten by other animals. Consumer who feeds on dead or rotting organisms. 3 Parasite Abiotic Factor Mutualism Commensalism Biotic Factor Community Individual Ecology Endangered Species Carrying Capacity Niche Limiting Factor Extinct Habitat Nonliving Threatened Species Adapt A plant or animal that get food or protection from another living being without benefitting the other being. Nonliving parts of the environment such as air currents, temperature, soil, light, and water. A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit. A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor benefitted. The living parts of an ecosystem. It includes plants, animals, fungi, protists, and bacteria. All the different populations that live together in an area. A single being or organism. Study of how living things interact with each other and their environment. The number of an organism is so small it may become extinct. The largest population that an area can support. An organism’s particular role in an ecosystem. In an ecosystem, an abiotic or biotic factor that maintains balance by limiting the number of individuals in a population. Any organism that once lived on Earth, but no longer exists. Place where an organism lives and that provides for its needs. Anything that does not grow or change. A species likely to be endangered in the future. To adjust or change to suit conditions. 4 Groundwater Living Spring Runoff Reservoir Drainage Basin Sediment Wells Deposition Delta Weathering Watershed Glaciers Gravity Erosion Mass Movement Water held in rocks and soil below the surface. Something that grows, reproduces, needs food and water, and is made of cells. A natural flow of ground water. Surface water that does not soak into the ground. A place where water or some other substance is stored for later use. All of the land drained by a river and the streams that flow into that river. Rock particles carried and deposited by water, wind, and ice. Holes dug into the ground to get groundwater. This occurs when silt, sand, and other materials are carried by flowing water and deposited at other places on the Earth’s surface. A triangular fan shaped deposit which forms when a river empties into a larger body of water. The process in which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by ice, water, the wind, changes in temperature, plants, animals, or by chemicals. An area of land where water drains from land back to a body of water. Large, slowly moving mass of ice. The force by which a planet or other body tends to draw objects toward its center. The wearing-down effect of rain and wind on rock. The movement of material down a slope due only to the pull of gravity. 5 Rapids Contraction Waterfall Expansion Water Gap Flood Plains Motion Mouth Inertia Velocity Newton Force Balance Spring Scale Reaction Weight Mass Acceleration Joule Parts of rivers where water runs very fast. The process or result of becoming smaller or pressed together. “The contraction of a gas on cooling.” A steep or vertical fall of water. The act of increasing in size or volume, quantity, or scope. A deep notch left where a water stream erodes through a mountain and is uplifted. Rich agricultural areas along the banks of a river created by deposits of sediment in flat areas. A change in the position or place of something over time in comparison to a reference point. Where a river begins The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion. A measure of both the speed and direction of a moving object. A unit used to measure force. Energy in the form of a push or a pull. An instrument used to measure an object’s mass. An instrument that measures weight. A result or an action in response to another action. A measure of how much matter an object has. A measurement of the pull of gravity on the mass of an object. The rate at which velocity changes. The metric unit used to measure work or energy. 6 Action Work Magnetism Inclined Plane Gear Wedge Screw Simple Machines Compound Machine Momentum Lever The force one object applies to a second. For every _______, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The transfer of energy resulting from a force acting to move an object over a distance. Work = Force x Distance The natural force produced by a magnetic field. A simple machine with a flat surface set at an angle to a horizontal surface. A playground slide is a good example. A toothed wheel that engages another tooth mechanism in order to change the speed or direction of transmitted motion. A simple machine with two or more inclined planes. A simple machine that consists of an inclined plane that twists around a central axis. Devices with few moving parts that can be used to reduce the effort needed to do work. There are six basic simple machines: the lever, the wheel and axle, the pulley, the inclined plane, the wedge, and the screw. A machine that is made up of two or more simple machines. A measurement of the motion of something. This is equal to the product of the moving object’s mass times its velocity. A simple machine that has a bar which moves on or around a fixed point and can be used for lifting things. Example: A seesaw. 7 Speed Pulley Friction Wheel and Axle Newton’s First Law of Motion Newton’s Second Law of Motion Newton’s Third Law of Motion Unbalanced Forces Balanced Forces Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Displacement A measure of how fast something moves over a distance. A simple machine made from a grooved wheel with a rope or chain wrapped around a groove. Example: a flag pole A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching. A simple machine in which either a wheel turns an axle or an axle turns a wheel around a central point. “The Law of Inertia” It states that an object at rest will remain at rest and an object that is moving at constant velocity will continue moving at that constant velocity until acted upon by an outside force. A law which states that the acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied. F=m x a For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Also stated: for action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. Two opposite forces that are not equal – motion occurs. When two or more forces acting on an object that cancel each other out and do not cause a change in the object’s motion. The potential for something to move. The energy of a moving object. The length and direction of an object’s path from its starting point straight to its ending point. 8 Insolation Atmosphere Troposphere Air Pressure Weather Barometer Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Thermometer Water Vapor Humidity Evaporation Relative Humidity Condensation Stratus Cloud Cumulus Cloud Cirrus Cloud Fog Precipitation Cumulonimbus Clouds The amount of the Sun’s energy that reaches Earth at a given time and place. The blanket of gases that surround the Earth. The layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth’s surface. The force put on a given area by the weight of the air above it. What the lower atmosphere is like at any given time. A device for measuring air pressure. The layer of the atmosphere where the ozone layer is located. Third layer of the atmosphere where it is the coldest. Fourth layer of the atmosphere. It is also the hottest layer. Instrument used to measure temperature. Water in the form of a gas. The amount of water vapor in the air. The changing of a liquid into a gas. A comparison between condensation and evaporation. The changing of a gas into a liquid. A cloud that forms in a blanketlike layer. A puffy cloud that appears to rise up from a flat bottom. A high-altitude cloud with a featherlike shape, made of ice crystals. A cloud that forms at ground level. Any form of water particles that fall from the atmosphere and reaches the ground. Includes rain, snow, sleet, and hail. Clouds that bring thunderstorms. 9 Water Cycle Evaporation Transpiration Rain Gauge Wind Convection Cell Sea Breeze Land Breeze Coriolis Effect Isobar Wind Vane Anemometer Air Mass Front Cold Front Warm Front The continuous movement of water between Earth’s surface and the air, changing from liquid to gas to liquid. The process in which a liquid changes directly into a gas. The process by which plant leaves release water into the air. An instrument used to measure the amount of rain that falls. Air that moves horizontally. A circular pattern of air rising, air sinking, and wind. Wind that blows from sea to land. Wind that blow from land to sea. The curving of the path of a moving object caused by Earth’s rotation. A line on a weather map connecting the places with equal air pressure. A device that indicates wind direction. A device that measures wind speed. A large region of the atmosphere where the air has similar properties throughout. A boundary between air masses with different temperatures. A boundary where cold air moves in under a mass of warm air. Often bring brief, heavy storms. After the storm the sky is clear and the temperature is cooler and drier. A boundary where warm air moves in over a mass of cold air. Often bring light, steady rain or snow. Precipitation may last for days. Winds are usually light. May bring some fog. After the temperature will be usually warmer and more humid. 10 Occluded Front Stationary Front Maritime Polar Maritime Tropical Continental Polar Continental Tropical Synoptic Weather Map Statistical Forecasting Thunderstorm Tornado Hurricane Storm Surge Climate Radiative Balance Greenhouse Effect A front formed where a cold front moves in under a warm front. Temperature depends on whether the air is warm or cool behind the front. An unmoving front where a cold air mass and a warm air mass meet. The weather is usually calm. Cool, moist air Warm, moist air Cold, dry air Hot, dry air This type of map shows a summary of the weather using station models. Based on find patterns. The most common severe storm, formed in cumulonimbus clouds. A violet whirling wind that moves across the ground in a narrow path. A very large, swirling storm with very low pressure at the center. A great rise of the sea along a shore caused by low pressure. The average weather pattern of a region. A balance between energy lost and energy gained. The ability of the atmosphere to let in sunlight but not to let heat escape. 11