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Blood alcohol concentration
Tolerance
Alcohol
Addiction
Bronchi
Carbon monoxide
Smokeless tobacco
Snuff
Negative peer pressure
Second hand smoke
Passive smoker
Alcoholism
Tar
Nicotine
Emphysema
Depressant
Dependence
Withdrawal
Substance abuse
Relapse
Drugs
Prescription medicine
Over the counter drugs
Illegal drugs
Cocaine
Drug misuse
Drug abuse
Marijuana
THC
Anabolic steroids
Performance enhancing drugs
Amnesia
Binge
Stimulant
Amphetamine
Euphoria
Alternative
Narcotics
Opium
Detoxification
Hallucinogen
Overdose
Inhalant
Cirrhosis
Inhibition
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Enable
Alcohol abuse
Intervention
Recovery
Intoxication
Alcohol poisoning
Methamphetamine
Heroin
OTC
Drug: is a substance other than food that changes the structure of function of the
body or mind.
Over the counter OTC: medicine available on the shelves of a local pharmacy or
grocery store. They can be legally obtained.
True: all drugs, even helpful ones can be harmful.
Drug misuse: taking or using medicine in a way that is not intended.
Drug abuse: intentionally using drugs in a why that is unhealthy or illegal .
True: drugs are especially dangerous to teens because their bodies are still growing
and developing.
True: Addiction is considered a disease.
True: Drug abuse weakens a person’s ability to think and learn.
True: Drug abuse can change a person’s personality and cause mood swings and
sometimes lead to violence.
Tolerance: is the body’s need for larger and larger amounts of a drug to produce
the same effect.
Overdose: is taking more of a drug than the body can tolerate.
Types of drugs: depressants, club drugs, narcotics, hallucinogens, performance
enhancing.
Stimulant: a drug that speeds up the body’s functions. For example, the heart and
breathing rates as well as blood pressure.
True: Caffeine is a stimulant.
Amphetamines: are a strong stimulant drug that speeds up the nervous system.
True: Some amphetamines are prescribed to treat certain medical conditions like
ADHD. These drugs are often called speed.
Speed can be smoked, swallowed, inhaled or injected.
Crystal meth: is extremely addictive and can cause a person’s heart to suddenly sop
working.
Cocaine: is an illegal stimulant made from the coca plant. It is inhaled through the
nose, smoked, or injected through the veins.
True: Cocaine is also called blow, snow or coke.
Cocaine gives a brief feeling of well-being and confidence, but the feeling wears off
and a feeling of anxiousness follows.
Crack: is a concentrated form of cocaine that is smoked.
Depressants: are drugs that slow down the body’s functions and reactions,
including heart and breathing rates. They can affect a person mentally and socially
by giving a false sense of well-being through reduced anxiety and relaxation.
True: most depressants come in tablet or capsule form when prescribed by a doctor.
Examples are barbiturates and tranquilizers
True: Alcohol is a depressant.
True: using both alcohol and other depressants can lead to overdose and death.
Marijuana: (pot, weed) is a drug made from the dried leaves and flowers of the
hemp plant. This drug is mostly smoked. It affects people differently. Some people
is acts as a stimulant and others as a depressant. Some people may see or hear
things that aren’t really there.
True: people that smoke marijuana may have blood shot eyes, feel confused, shaky
or even fearful.
True: Long-term use of marijuana causes many of the same problems that smoking
tobacco causes such as lung damage.
True: Smoking marijuana can lower the sperm count in males.
Club drugs: are illegal drugs that are found mostly in nightclubs or at all-night
dance parties called raves. Examples are Ecstasy, rohypynol and ketamine.
True: club drugs are often made in home laboratories and mixed with other harmful
chemicals.
Ecstasy can cause a person to experience tingly skin or clenched jaws. It increases
heart rate and body temperature. Other effects are making a person feel anxious or
paranoid. Feelings may continue long after the drug has worn off.
Roofies: make a person feel dizzy and very sleepy. It causes blackouts and memory
loss. It is often called the date rape drug.
Ketamine: causes hallucinations and people that use it have memory loss.
Narcotics: Are drugs that get rid of pain and dull the senses. (morphine and
codeine) These are highly addictive.
Heroin is a narcotic that is usually injected. IT gives the user an instant high or
feeling of happiness. The feeling doesn’t last and the user feels nausea, stomach
cramps and vomiting.
True: the withdrawal symptoms of heroin are painful.
True: It is easy for people to soon need larger doses of heroin to feel the effects.
True: it is very easy to overdose on heroin
True: another risk is the spread of HIV through sharing needles.
Hallucinogens: are drugs that distort moods, thoughts and senses. These drugs
may create imaginary images in the user’s mind.
Inhalants: are vapors of chemicals that are sniffed or inhaled to get a “high”.
True: When taking inhalants, the poisons go straight to the brain where they can
cause permanent brain damage and even death.
Performance enhancing drugs:
Steroids: are either human hormones or synthetic hormones similar to the ones
found in the body. Steroids make muscles grow faster and larger.
True: Effects of steroids can be “roid rage”, testicles to shrink in males, in females it
can affect the production of estrogen, causing them to look more masculine, develop
facial hair and a deeper voice.
True: if a pregnant woman takes drugs, the drugs can hurt the unborn baby.
Examples are: underweight babies, brain damage, delayed development.
Why do some people use drugs?
Too be “cool” like others, to be accepted by peers. Escape emotional problems
Peer pressure
Drugs in the media
True: drug use harms growth and development.
According to the National institute on Drug Abuse, 22% of 8th graders have
used drugs at least once. Marijuana and inhalants being the most commonly
used.
Alcohol:
Alcohol: is a drug created by a chemical reaction in some foods, especially fruits and
grains.
True: alcohol is addictive
Alcohol affects a person physically, mentally, emotionally and socially.
True: in the US, you must be 21 to purchase alcohol.
Alcohol abuse can lead to a wide range of problems: poor decision making,
losing friends, failing grades, addiction, illness, accidents, injury, death.
True: three main forms of alcohol are: liquor, beer and wine.
True: one drink of liquor equals 1.5 ounces, beer equals 12 ounces and wine equals
5 ounces
True: being intoxicated is also called being drunk.
True: alcohol is a type of drug called a depressant.
Blood alcohol concentration or BAC: is the amount of alcohol in the blood. A BAC of
.10 means that there is 1 part alcohol per 1,000 parts blood in the body. Several
factors determine a person’s BAC such as how much a person weight, the amount of
alcohol a person drinks as well as how much food is in the person’s stomach.
True: In most States a BAC above .08 is legally intoxicated.
Short-term and long-term effects of alcohol use:
 Brain: difficulty thinking, concentrate and remember. It impacts
ability to speak clearly or walk straight. People that drink too much
may feel dizzy, have blurred vision and lose their balance. Long termbrain cell destruction, nervous system disorders and memory loss.
 Heart: increased heart rate, long term irregular heartbeat and heartmuscle damage.
 Liver: processes of liver, which filters out over 90% of alcohol may
become unbalanced. Long term: scarring and destruction of liver
tissue and liver cancer.
 Kidneys: increased urination, which can result in dehydration,
headache and dizziness. Long term: kidney failure resulting from high
blood pressure.
 Blood vessels: widened blood vessels, creating a false sense of
warmth. Long term: high blood pressure, stroke
 Stomach: vomiting, long term: ulcers (open sores) in the stomach
lining and stomach cancer.
True: the liver can filter 1 drink per hour.
Cirrhosis: scarring and destruction of the liver.
Ulcers: Open sore in the stomach lining.
Fetal alcohol syndrome: fetus harmed by alcohol consumption, through the
bloodstream to the umbilical cord and limit the amount of oxygen to the fetus.
Defects include: small head/ brain, speech and learning problems.
True: alcohol is addictive.
Addiction to alcohol: over time, a person may be so addicted that they feel sick
without it.
Alcohol abuse: using alcohol in ways that are unhealthy, illegal or both.
Alcoholism: is a disease in which a person has a physical and psychological need for
alcohol.
True: AA- Alcoholics Anonymous is a support group for people with alcohol
addictions. They can also help friends and families of alcoholics.
Nervous system: is your body’s control center. It carries messages back and forth
between your brain and the rest of your body. It controls your senses, (smell, touch,
hear, taste and see). It controls breathing and the flow of blood throughout the
body.
Neurons: cells that make up the nervous system.
Central nervous system: consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
Peripheral nervous system: consists of the nerves that connect the CNS to all parts
of the body.
Brain: command center or coordinator of the CNS.
Spinal cord: a long bundle of neurons that sends messages to and from the brain
and all parts of the body.
Cerebrum: largest part of the brain, it processes thoughts, interprets information
from the sense organs and controls voluntary movement.
Cerebellum maintains balance and coordination
Brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord. It controls involuntary muscle
movement such a breathing.
True: alcohol can destroy millions of brain cells which can never be replaced.
True: alcohol can also affect your thinking and how your body moves.
Binge drinking: is the consumption of several drinks of alcohol in a short period of
time. It can cause your body systems to fail.
True: Alcohol can affect emotions. Teens have difficulty controlling their emotions
and alcohol can make this worse.
True: Alcohol can cause depression.
True: Alcohol can lead to violent behavior
Violence is an act of physical force resulting in injury or abuse.
Refusal skills: strategies that help you say no effectively
STOP (Say no Firmly, Tell why not, Offer another suggestion, Promptly leave)
Benefits to avoiding alcohol: increased self respect, high self-esteem, good
friendships, better relationships with your family, control over your life,
maintaining high levels of wellness, a bright future.
Withdrawal: a series of painful physical and mental symptoms associated with
recovery from an addictive substance.
Tobacco:
Nicotine
Carbon monoxide
Tar
Cigarettes
Cigars
Snuff
Chew
Chaw
Pipes
Formaldehyde
Tobacco
Smokeless tobacco
Electronic-cigarette
Emphysema
respiratory system
alveoli
trachea
epiglottis
bronchi
lungs
cancer
lunch cancer
peer-pressure
addiction
withdrawal
dependence
physical
psychological
secondhand smoke
passive smokers
mainstream smoke
Carbon monoxide: is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas produced when tobacco
burns
Tar: is a thick, dark liquid that forms when tobacco burns. Tobacco coats the linings
of the lungs and they later become diseased.
True: a single puff of tobacco contains more than 4,000 harmful chemicals.
True: more than 400,000 people in the US die each year from smoking related
illnesses.
Nicotine is and addictive, or habit forming drug found in tobacco
True: Nicotine is highly addictive.
Other deadly substances in cigarette smoke are: cyanide, formaldehyde, methyl
ethyl ketone
Forms of tobacco: cigarettes, cigars, pipes, smokeless tobacco
True: cigars and pipes contain up to 90 times more of the cancer causing chemicals
found in cigarette smoke.
True: flavored cigarettes contain more chemicals than regular cigarettes.
Smokeless tobacco: comes in two types chewing tobacco and snuff.
True: Snuff can either be chewed or sniffed.
Chemicals in chewing tobacco enter the bloodstream through the digestive tract.
True: Smokeless tobacco is just as addictive and harmful as cigarettes.
Page 233 Tobacco’s effects on the body systems.
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Nervous system
Excretory system
Circulatory system
Avleoli are the tiny air sacs in the lungs
Emphysema: is a disease that results in the destruction of the alveoli in the lungs.
When it affects most of the lungs death can result.
Respiratory system includes: nose, mouth, trachea, lungs, epiglottis, bronchi,
diaphragm
Lungs are two large organs that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Diaphragm is a large dome shaped muscle below the lungs that expands and
compresses the lungs, enabling breathing.
True: when you smoke cigarettes, smoke can damage many parts of the respiratory
system. (239)
Smoking can cause cancer of the mouth, throat, lung, kidney and bladder.
True: lung cancer is the leading cause of death among people that smoke.
Teens start smoking because they think that is makes them seem cool, older and
more mature.
Addiction: is a mental or physical need for a drug or other substance.
Withdrawal: is the unpleasant symptoms that someone experiences when he or she
stops using and addictive substance.
Psychological dependence: is a person’s belief that he or she needs a drug to feel
good or function normally.
Physical dependence: is and addiction in which the body develops a chemical need
for a drug.
True: teens can develop a physical dependence for nicotine much more easily than
adults can, they bodies are not fully developed.
Tolerance: is the body’s need for larger and larger amounts of a drug to produce the
same effect.
Secondhand smoke: is the air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke.
Passive smokers: are nonsmokers who breathe in secondhand smoke
Mainstream smoke: is the smoke that is inhaled and then exhaled by a smoker.
Sidestream smoke: is smoke that comes from the burning end of a cigarette pipe or
cigar.
True: sidestream smoke contains twice as much tar and nicotine as does
mainstream smoke.
True: 53,000 people in the US die each year as a result of passive smoking. (249)
Reasons to be smoke free: page (252)
Cold turkey: means to stop using all tobacco products immediately.