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Timeline / 900 to 1600 / FRANCE Date Country | Description 910 A.D. France Foundation of the abbey at Cluny (near to Mâcon), whose monks followed the Benedictine order. The monks at Cluny travelled throughout Europe and played an important role in 11th-century reform. 987 A.D. France Hugh Capet, son of Odo Count of Paris, takes the crown of France and starts a new dynasty. 1047 A.D. France Saracen raid on the Lerins Islands (the most significant of a series of raids on the Provençal coast). The monks taken are bought back through the Abbey of SaintVictor. 1096 A.D. France Start of the First Crusade, preached by Pope Urban II at Clermont. The People’s Crusade is mostly annihilated, but the Princes’ Crusade reaches Palestine and takes Jerusalem in 1099, establishing the Frankish Kingdom in the east. 1108 A.D. France Start of the reign of Louis VI. Establishment and growth of the commune movement in France. 1146 A.D. France Preaching of the Second Crusade, in particular by Saint Bernard. King Louis VII returns defeated to France, and Jerusalem is taken back by the Muslims in 1187. 1187 A.D. France Preaching of the Third Crusade, which is joined by the King of France Philip Augustus and Richard the Lionheart. Having returned to France Philip Augustus defeats the troops of Emperor Otto at Bouvines and greatly extends his kingdom. 1208 A.D. France Albigensian Crusade against Cathars established in southern France triggers the conquest of the Languedoc by barons from the north of France. The Kingdom of France experiences an unprecedented period of economic and cultural expansion. 1246 A.D. France Charles of Anjou, brother of the King of France, marries Beatrice, heir to the Count of Provence. Sailors from Marseilles become special allies of the Angevins in southern Italy. Date Country | Description 1270 A.D. France Death of Louis IX at the gates of Tunis during the Eighth Crusade following an initial defeat in Egypt (Seventh Crusade). Louis IX will be canonised in 1297. 1285 A.D. France Philip the Fair, surrounded by his ‘jurists’, consolidates the authority of the King of France. Levying taxes on Jews and ‘Lombards’ and confiscating the riches of the Knights Templar, he enters into a conflict with the papacy which is only resolved in 1305 with the election of a French pope. 1348 A.D. France A devastating outbreak of the plague compounds the misery of renewed famine and a disastrous war with England. 1392 A.D. France The King of France, Charles VI, is afflicted by madness. France falls into civil war, and the Treaty of Troyes recognises Henry V of England as the heir to the French throne. 1429 A.D. France Charles VII is crowned in Reims, having been proclaimed the true king of France by Joan of Arc. A gradual reconquest of the kingdom begins, to be completed towards the end of the 15th century. 1446 A.D. France Jacques Cœur, based in the south of France, begins profitable trading with countries in the Near East, particularly Egypt. 1481 A.D. France Provence becomes part of France. The Kings of France inherit the claims of the Angevins. Start of the Italian Wars. 1515 A.D. France Beginning of the reign of Francis I. Continuation of the Italian Wars, marked by victory at Marignano and defeat at Pavia (1526). The King of France effects a reconciliation with the Turks, creating a scandal in the Christian world. 1535 A.D. France The Capitulations afford French ships and subjects the freedom of the Ottoman Empire. French consuls gain the right to judge their compatriots in criminal and civil courts. Trade is greatly facilitated. 1543 A.D. France Date Country | Description Barbarossa’s fleet comes to the aid of the French in their struggle against Charles V. 1589 A.D. France The assassination of Henry III ends the reign of the Valois, which was marked by Wars of Religion between Catholics and Protestants. The Catholic League’s recognition of Henry IV, now converted to Catholicism, allows the kingdom to be reunited. 1598 A.D. France The Edict of Nantes ends the Wars of Religion, affording protestants considerable rights in the Kingdom of France.