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Proposed Title: Multi-Function Battery Energy Storage Systems Submission Type: Project Author: Sherif Abdelrazek Major:Electrical Engineering Author Conact Information: email: [email protected] Faculty Advisor: Dr. Sukumar Kamalasadan Advisor Contact Information: Education Level: PhD Student tel:704-773-9011 University: The University of North Carolina in Charlotte email:[email protected] tel: 704-687-7099 I. INTRODUCTION The applications in which energy storage systems can be used hold considerable value to energy producers, grid operators and in turn, energy consumers. Battery Energy Storage Systems’ (BESS) technology (out of different energy storage technologies) is suitable for applications that improve dynamic stability, transient stability, voltage support [3], area control/ frequency regulation, transmission capability [4, 5] and power quality. These characteristics are suitable for performing the intended applications of this project. These applications include electric energy time shift (ETS), voltage support, and renewable capacity firming [1, 2]. II. METHODOLOGY The project setup consists of the BESS connected in conjunction with a 1MW PV station. The PV station is controlled to operate at unity power factor. The battery capacity is 0.25 MW and the inverter capacity 1MVA. Fig. 1 shows the regions of ESS controllability. The studied control scheme relies on using an inverter with a relatively high capacity compared to that of the battery. This capacity difference is used for reactive power dispatch to allow voltage support capability. Maximum ESS Inverter Apparent Power Capacity Q-Axis 2nd Quadrant P-Sink Q-Source Cap cm PESS+jQ ESS ESS PESdmS+jQ Cap Q ESS axC dm S PCC Cap x ma P PV p Ca ES +jQ A1 A2 A3 A4 S dm S ES +P 1st Quadrant P-Source Q-Source cm PESS dm PESS 3rd Quadrant P-Sink Q-Sink ESS QInd ESS Ind | dm |Q ESS PESS-j PEScmS-j|Q Ind | QPV=0 P-Axis max PPV PP max S dm ax V+ PE dm PCC I SS j|Q In d ES S | 4th Quadrant P-Source Q-Sink Fig. 1 ESS active and reactive power supplying capabilities. Voltage Support VPCC ,δ PCC VSS , δSS Reactive Power Calculation PV Station (1MW-1.25MVA) Reference Reactive Power (QESSr) Substation Test Feeder SMS (1MVA) Max Charge Rate Time of Day (ToD) Feeder Load Peak Load Detector Memory Max Discharge Rate Idle Energy Calculations & Logic Energy Time Shift SoC Real-Time PV Active Power O/P PPV PPV Memory Data Conditioning + PC Hard Limiter POPR- Reference Active Power (PESSr) Zero Selector SoC Rate Limiter - Logic + Intermittency Detection TPVst & TPVend Calculation Historical PV Output Data PV Station Capacity Firming Logic Time of Day (ToD) Fig. 2 Block diagram schematic for PV station capacity firming, energy time shift and voltage support applications. Area A1 in Fig. 1 shows the ESS power capability. This is also the power output region for zero active power output from the PV station installed at the point of common coupling (PCC). As the PV station output increases, the controllable region is shifted to the right till it becomes A2 at maximum (PV) output. A4 shows the control regions used during PV station capacity firming (PVCF) application. III. SIMULATION RESULTS A. PV Capacity Firming Fig. 3 shows results for PVCF (a) (b) (c) Fig. 3 PVCF simulation results without SoC constraint. (a) PV power output compared to OPR. (b) BESS output power with battery SoC plotted on the second y-axis. (c) PCC active power output after PVCF compared to PV power output. B. Combined PVCF & ETS for a Single Day As shown in Fig. 4. After performing PVCF with maximization of SoC taken into account, the remaining energy in the battery (95% SoC) was sufficient to allow effective peak load shifting. Fig. 4 PV station, PCC & substation active power outputs, feeder load and battery SoC during PVCF & ETS applications with SoC constraint C. Voltage Support Fig. 6 shows the results of voltage support (a) (b) Fig. 5 Feeder loads and generation. (a)Active power output of substation & ESS, plotted with feeder active power load. (b)Reactive power output of substation & ESS, plotted with feeder reactive power load Fig. 6 Voltage profile at PCC with and without ESS voltage support application. IV. CONCLUSION The devised algorithms were found efficient in performing their respective purposes. V. REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Ribeiro, P. F., Johnson, B. K., Crow, M. L., Arsoy, A., & Liu, Y. (2001). Energy storage systems for advanced power applications. In Proceedings of the IEEE (Vol. 89, pp. 1744–1756). doi:10.1109/5.975900 Teleke, S., Baran, M. E., Huang, a Q., Bhattacharya, S., & Anderson, L. (2009). Control Strategies for Battery Energy Storage for Wind Farm Dispatching. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 24, 725–732. doi:10.1109/tec.2009.2016000 W. R. Lachs and D. Sutanto, “Battery storage plant within large load centers,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 7, pp. 762–769, May 1992. M. A. Casacca, M. R. Capobianco, and Z. M. Salameh, “Lead-acid battery storage configurations for improved available capacity,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 11, pp. 139–145, Mar. 1996. N.W. Miller, et.al., “Design and commissioning of a 5 MVA, 2.5 MWh battery energy storage,” in Proc. 1996 IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission and Distribution Conf., 1996, pp. 339–345.