Download Chapter 4 The Worlds People

Chapter 4 – The World’s People
Section Notes
Video
Culture
Population
Government and Economy
Global Connections
Impact of Culture
Close-up
World Population Density
Governments of the World
A Global Economy
World Almanac
A Developed and a Developing
Country
Quick Facts
Chapter 4 Visual Summary
Maps
Images
Population
Culture Traits
Cultural Diffusion of Baseball
World Population Growth
Instructions
• Anything written in yellow (SLOW
down and pay attention) is useful
information. You should write it in
your notes IN YOUR OWN WORDS.
• Anything in red (STOP and pay close
attention) is critical information and
should be copied exactly.
• Anything in green (GO on to the next
point) you do not have to write.
Culture
The Big Idea
Culture, a group’s shared practices and
beliefs, differs from group to group
and changes over time.
Main Ideas
• Culture is the set of beliefs, goals, and practices that a
group of people share.
• The world includes many different culture groups.
• New ideas and events lead to changes in culture.
Culture is the set of beliefs, goals,
and practices that a group of people
share.
Culture
•Includes many aspects of life, such
as language and religion, that we
may share with people around us
•Each is unique
Culture Continue
Culture Traits
•An activity or behavior in which
people often take part, such as
language spoken or sports played
•Can be shared by people around
the world
•Can change from place to place
Development of Culture
Culture traits are often learned or
passed down from one generation
to the next.
• Within families as traditions,
foods, or holiday customs
• Laws and moral codes within
societies
Development of Culture
Cultures develop as people learn
new culture traits.
• Immigrants who move to a new
country
Other factors, such as history
and environment, also affect
how cultures develop.
The world includes many different
culture groups.
• A culture region is an area in which
people have many shared culture
traits, such as religious beliefs,
language, or lifestyle.
– A single culture region can dominate an entire
country.
– A single country may include more than one
culture region within its borders.
– A culture region may stretch across country
borders.
The world includes many different
culture groups.
• Often, culture regions are based on
ethnic groups—groups of people
who share a common culture and
ancestry.
The world includes many different
culture groups.
• Cultural diversity is the state of
having a variety of cultures in the
same area.
–Creates an interesting mix of
ideas, behaviors, and practices
–Can sometimes lead to conflict
New ideas and events lead to
changes in culture.
How Cultures Change
•Innovations—new ideas or ways of doing
things—often bring about cultural changes.
•As societies come into contact with each
other, cultures can change.
New ideas and events lead to changes in culture.
How Ideas Spread
•The spread of culture traits from one
region to another is called cultural
diffusion.
–Occurs when people move from one
place to another
–Takes place as new ideas spread
from place to place
Population
The Big Idea
Population studies are an important
part of geography.
Main Ideas
• The study of population patterns helps geographers learn
about the world.
• Population statistics and trends are important measures of
population change.
The study of population patterns
helps geographers learn about the
world.
• Population, or the total number of
people in a given area, determines a
great deal about the place in which
a person lives.
–Influences business,
transportation, schools, and more
The study of population patterns helps
geographers learn about the world.
• Geographers study human
population
–Interested in patterns that emerge
over time
–Study information such as how
many people live in an area, why
people live where they do, and
how populations change
Population Patterns
Population Density
• Population density—a measure of the number of
people living in an area
• High population density areas
– Land more expensive
– Roads crowded
– Buildings taller
• Low population density areas
– More open spaces
– Less traffic
– More available land
Population Patterns
Where People Live
•When an area is thinly populated, it is often
because the land does not provide a very
good life.
– Rugged mountains
– Harsh deserts
– Polar regions
•Areas with denser populations tend to be
regions with fertile soil, reliable sources of
water, and a good agricultural climate.
Population statistics and trends are
important measures of population
change.
• Geographers examine three key statistics to
learn about population changes.
– Birthrate—the annual number of births
per 1,000 people
– Death rate—the annual number of deaths
per 1,000 people
– Rate of natural increase—the birthrate
minus the death rate equals the
percentage of natural increase, or the
rate at which a population is changing.
Population statistics and trends are important
measures of population change.
• Population growth rates differ from
one place to another.
–In some countries, populations are
growing very slowly or even
shrinking.
–In most countries, populations are
growing.
–In countries with growing
populations, governments face
many challenges.
Population Change
Migration
•Migration is the process of moving from
one place to live in another.
•A common cause of population change
•People migrate for many reasons.
– Some factors push people to leave their
country.
– Some factors pull, or attract, people to
new countries.
Population Change
World Population Trends
•Earth’s population has exploded in the last
200 years
– Better health care
– Improved food production
•Two important population trends:
– Population growth in some of the more
industrialized nations has begun to slow.
– Less industrialized nations often have
high growth rates.
Government and Economy
The Big Idea
The world’s countries have different
governments and levels of economic
development.
Main Ideas
• The governments of the world include democracy, monarchy,
dictatorship, and communism.
• Different economic activities and systems exist throughout
the world.
• Geographers group the countries of the world based on their
level of economic development.
The governments of the world
include democracy, monarchy,
dictatorship, and communism.
• Governments:
–Make and enforce laws
–Regulate business and trade
–Provide aid to people
–Help shape the culture and economy
of a country as well as the daily
lives of people who live there.
The governments of the world include democracy,
monarchy, dictatorship, and communism.
• Many countries have democratic
governments.
–A democracy is a form of
government in which the people
elect leaders and rule by majority.
–Some work to protect the freedoms
and rights of their people.
–Others restrict the rights and
freedoms of their people.
Other Types of Government
Monarchy
•One of the oldest types of government
•Ruled directly by a king or queen, the
head of a royal family
•In some, power is in the hands of just
one person.
•In others, many democratic practices
are used.
Other Types of Government
Dictatorship
•A single, powerful ruler has total
control.
•Leader is called a dictator.
•Often rules by force
•People have few rights and no say in
their own government.
Other Types of Government
Communism
•A political system in which the
government owns all property and
dominates all aspects of life in a
country
•Leaders are chosen by the Communist
Party or by Communist leaders.
•People have restricted rights and very
little freedom.
Different economic activities and
systems exist throughout the
world.
• The economy is a system that
includes all of the activities that
people and businesses do to earn a
living.
• Countries use a mix of different
economic activities and systems.
• Geographers divide economic
activities into four levels.
Four Levels of Economic Activity
Primary Industry
• People earn a living by providing raw
materials or natural resources to
others.
• Examples include farming, fishing,
and mining
Four Levels of Economic Activity
Secondary Industry
• Use natural resources or raw materials
to manufacture other products
• Example: automobile manufacturers
use steel and other materials to build
cars and trucks.
Four Levels of Economic Activity
Tertiary Industry
• Goods and services are exchanged
• Includes people who sell the
products made in secondary
industries and people who provide
services rather than goods, such
as health care
Four Levels of Economic Activity
Quaternary Industry
• Involves the research and
distribution of information
• People work with information
rather than goods and often
have specialized knowledge and
skills.
Economic Systems
Traditional Economy
•System in which people grow their
own food and make their own
goods
•Trade may take place through
barter, or the exchange of goods
without the use of money.
•Often found in rural and remote
communities
Economic Systems
Market Economy
•System based on private ownership,
free trade, and competition
•Individuals and businesses are free to
buy and sell what they wish.
•Prices determined by the supply and
demand for goods
•Sometimes called capitalism
Economic Systems
Command Economy
•System in which the central
government makes all economic
decisions
•Government decides what goods to
produce, how much to produce, and
what prices will be.
•Communist governments own and
control most businesses in their
countries.
Geographers group the countries
of the world based on their level
of economic development.
Economic Indicators
• Measures of a country’s wealth used by geographers
to decide if a country is developed or developing
• One measure used is gross domestic product
(GDP)—the value of all goods and services
produced within a country in a single year.
• Other indicators include a country’s per capita GDP,
level of industrialization, and overall quality of life.
Geographers group the countries of the world based
on their level of economic development.
Developed and Developing Countries
•Developed countries have strong
economies and a high quality of life;
usually have high per capita GDP
•Developing countries have less
productive economies and a lower
quality of life; usually have lower per
capita GDP
Global Connections
The Big Idea
Fast, easy global connection have
made cultural exchange, trade, and
a cooperative world community
possible.
Main Ideas
• Globalization links the world’s countries together
through culture and trade.
• The world community works together to solve
global conflicts and crises.
Globalization links the world’s
countries together through
culture and trade.
• Globalization is the process in
which countries are increasingly
linked to each other through
culture and trade.
–Caused by improvements in
transportation and communication
over the last 100 years
Globalization links the world’s countries
together through culture and trade.
• Popular culture refers to
culture traits that are well known
and widely accepted.
–Examples include food, sports,
music, and movies.
–United States has great influence
on global popular culture and is
also influenced by global culture.
Globalization links the world’s countries
together through culture and trade.
• Expansion of global trade has
increased interdependence—
the reliance of one country on
the resources, goods, or services
of another country—between
countries.
–Many companies in one country
often rely on goods and services
produced in another country.
The world community works
together to solve global
conflicts and crises.
• Because of globalization, the world seems
smaller.
– Places are more connected.
– What happens in one part of the world can affect the
entire planet.
• The world community works together to
promote cooperation among countries in times
of conflict and crisis.
A World Community
Countries often join together to settle conflicts such as wars,
trade disputes, and political disagreements.
The United Nations (UN) is an organization of the world’s
countries that promotes peace and security around the globe.
The world community promotes cooperation in times of crisis
such as ones caused by earthquakes, floods, and drought.
Groups from many nations often come together to provide
humanitarian aid, or assistance to people in distress.
Organizations representing countries around the globe work to
help in times of crisis.
World Religions
• Buddhism
• Hinduism
• Islam
• Christianity
• Judaism
World Religion Breakdown
Christianity
Buddhism