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BILL WHITE Presents… VEHICULAR NETWORKING: A SURVEY AND TUTORIAL ON REQUIREMENTS, ARCHITECTURES, CHALLENGES, STANDARDS, AND SOLUTIONS GEORGIO KARAGIANNIS University of Twente, The Netherlands ONUR ALTINTAS Toyota InfoTechnology Center, Tokyo, Japan EYLEM EKICI Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio GEERT HEIJENK University of Twente, The Netherlands BOANGOAT JARUPAN Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio KENNETH LIN Booz-AllenHamilton, McLean, Virginia TIMOTHY WEIL Raytheon Polar Services, Centennial, Colorado VEHICULAR NETWORKING: APPLICATIONS Point of Interest Notification Intersection Collision Warning Cooperative Merging Assistance Lane Change Assistance Infotainment Active Road Safety (1 Hz, 500 ms latency) (10 Hz, 100 ms latency) Head-On/ Rear-End Collision Warning Media Downloading Fleet Management Overtaking Vehicle Warning Emergency Vehicle Warning Local Electronic Commerce Parking Zone Management Speed Limit Notification Synchronized Platooning Traffic Efficiency & Management Adaptive Cruise Control Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory (10 Hz, 100 ms latency) Traffic Information Itinerary Recommendations Insurance Services US-DOT INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE Four subsystems corresponding to physical elements in transportation management systems. WIRELESS ACCESS IN VEHICULAR ENVIRONMENTS (WAVE) The protocol layer suite for the ITS architecture. JAPAN’S SMARTWAY PROJECT Vehicular positioning, mapping, and communication. EUROPE’S CONTINUOUS AIR-INTERFACE LONG AND MEDIUM RANGE (CALM) PROJECT Includes specifications for how several existing standards may be used within the system, including cellular, infrared, 3G, WiFi, WiMAX, and satellite. VEHICULAR NETWORKING RESEARCH CHALLENGES Geographical Addressing Risk Analysis Vehicular Communication Routing Anonymity and Privacy Delay Constraints Data Trustworthiness Data Prioritization Secure Localization Data Route Reliability VEHICULAR NETWORKING POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS Extend Unicast IP Routing To Deal With GPS Addresses Geographical Addressing Perform Regular Plausibility Checks Comparing Sensor Data To External Data Use Pseudonyms To Ensure That Senders Of Encrypted Messages Cannot Be Identified Use TamperResistant Hardware And Secure Authentication Techniques Use Roadside Infrastructure To Verify Location Via Triangulation Risk Analysis Anonymity and Privacy Data Trustworthiness Secure Localization Exploit Mobility Info To Predict How Long A Path Will Last And Find A New Path Before Breakage Avoid Redundant Rebroadcasts That Could Slow Message Propagation Speed Apply Efficient Scheduling Strategies That Enable DelayAware Packet Transmissions Employ Protocols Spanning Network And Transport Layers To Support Both Real-Time And Multimedia Vehicular Communication Routing Delay Constraints Data Prioritization Data Route Reliability