Download Sparta/Athens Comparison Sources Beck, Roger, et. Al. World

Sparta/Athens Comparison
Sources
 Beck, Roger, et. Al. World History: Patterns of Interaction. McDougal Littell. 2009.
 Hooker, Richard “ Athens.” http://cgim.dbq.edu/cgim/greece05/athens.htm
 Hooker, Richard. “Sparta.”
http://hrbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/waymac/History%20A/A%20Term%202/3.%20%20Ancient%20Classical%20Greece
/Sparta.htm
Purpose of
Government
and/ or role
of
Government
in the lives
of
individuals
Athens-CITIZENSHIP INPUT, CITIZENSHIP LIMITED
Q-“Pericles had 3 goals: To strengthen Athenian democracy, to hold
and strengthen the empire, to glorify Athens.” (Beck 134).
___-Athens had an assembly for all male citizens which could veto
council’s proposals and could declare war. They were part of
Athens’s Democratic system. (Hooker, “Athens” 2)
Q-“In Athens, citizens participated directly in political decision
making” (Beck 128)
P- Another important duty of the government was to make the belief
in their gods continue, no matter the problems they faced. (Beck
136)
P: The assemby was made up of citizens (all free men) over the age of
thirty, which had a say in all assembly votes. (Hooker, “Athens” 2).
P: They could expell citizens, which is known as ostracism. (Hooker,
“Athens” 2).
P: Athens wanted their society to be a culturally rich one, and was
more focused on the good of the individual. (Hooker, “Athens” 1).
P: The people of Athens enjoyed their lives, and weren't pressured by
the government to do specific things (like join the army). (Hooker,
“Athens” 1).
Q- “Athens introduced a direct democracy, in which citizens rule
directly and not through representatives. Male citizens in the
assembly made all important government policies that affected
the polis. “(Beck 135)
P: at top of of government is the Council of 500, 500 random citizens
of Athens who created laws (Beck 128)
P:assembly for all citizens could veto council decisions, declare war
and expel citizens through voting (Beck 128)
Q: “Nobles or other wealthy citizens sometimes seized control of the
government (tyrants)” (Beck 129)
Q-“The assembly could vote on expelling citizens from the state”
(Athens 2)
P/Q Codes
 P=Paraphrase (You need to cite but do
not need to use “ “ with a paraphrase.)
 Q=Quote (Cite and use “ “ for quotations.)
Sparta-MILITARY STATE
Q- “Instead of democracy, Spartans built a military state.” (Beck 129)
P- Divided into the Assembly, 2 kings, council and Ephorates(Hooker,
“Sparta” 2-4)
Q: In addition, 2 kings ruled over Sparta’s military forces (Beck 131)
Q-“In the eigth century BC, Sparta, like all her neighbors was a monarchy
with a limited oligarchy.” (Beck 131).
Q-“Spartan government was an odd affair, but its overwhelming
characteristic was stability. The Spartans, in fact, had the most stable
government in the history of ancient Greece.” (Hooker, “Sparta” 3)
Q-“The Spartans gave land to each soldier which the soldiers never saw, but
the Spartans made the helots farm them”. (Hooker, “Sparta” 2)
Q-“An assembly, which was composed of all Spartan citizens, elected
officials and voted on major issues” (Beck 128)
___- A primary role of Spartan Government was to expand their borders
while ensuring that their captured citizens were loyal to the state.
(Hooker, “Sparta” ___)
Q-“Their lives were designed to serve the state.” (Hooker, “Sparta” 2)
Q-“Spartan government had several branches. An assembly, which was
composed of all Spartan citizens and voted on major issues. The council
of elders, made up of 30 older citizens, proposed laws on which the
assembly voted.” (Beck 131)
P: The assembly was composed of all Spartan citizens, they elected officials
and voted on major issues. (Beck 135).
P: 5 elected officials carried out the laws passed by the assembly. They also
controlled education and prosecuted court cases. (Beck 135).
P: 2 kings ruled over Sparta's military forces, which was an important aspect
of Spartan society.( Beck 135).
P: The government's goal was to have all the citizens put Sparta first, which
is why their military was so important to the people. (Hooker, “Sparta” 2).
Q-“In the eighth century BC, Sparta, like all her neighbors was a monarchy
with a limited oligarchy.” (Hooker, “Sparta” 1).
Basis of
Economy
Role of
Women
Athens
P -started with wheat but then switched to grapes/wines. Wheat prices drops, farmers lost a
lot of money. People started to sell themselves into slavery. (Hooker, “Athens” 1).
Q-“Athens had cash crops which they would use to sell and trade their produce quickly…”
(Hooker, “Athens” 1)
P: Rule by wealthy caused the economy to fail, farmers and poorer citizens were ready for a
revolt. (Hooker, “Athens” pg ___)
Q-“Unlike Sparta, however, Athens’ history was not dominated by the invasion of a neighbor,
for the land around Athens was agriculturally rich and the city had a harbor so it could
trade easily with city-states around the Aegean.” (Hooker, “Athens” 1).
Q-“Athens was more or less a democracy; it had become primarily a trading and commercial
center; a large part of the Athenian economy focused on cash crops for exports and
crafts…” (Hooker, “Athens” 2).
Q: “Athens need overseas trade to obtain supplies of grain and other raw material.” (Beck
135).
Q: “Pericles used the money from the leagues treasury to make the navy stronger.” (Beck
135).
Athens
Q-“Most women had very little to do with Athenian life outside
the boundaries of family and home.” (Beck 129).
P-Women were not given full rights of being a citizen (Beck
134).
Q-“…Athens, where women were expected to remain out of
sight and quietly raise children.” (Beck 131)
P: The men owned all of the land and women took no part in
the family estate. (Hooker, “Athens 1”).
P: Women weren’t allowed to be a part of the assembly.
(Hooker, “Athens” 1).
P: Many of the plays featured strong female characters. (Beck
130).
Q-“Even so, most women had very little to do with Athenian life
outside the boundaries of family and home. “ (Beck 129 )
Sparta
P-Focused mostly on agriculture that was worked by
helots. Limited trade and becoming rich was not a
Spartan goal.” (Beck 131-132)
Q-“Most of the trade and commerce carried out in
Sparta were performed by the perioeci.” (Hooker,
“Sparta” 3).
Q: “They did not surround themselves with luxuries,
expensive foods, or opportunities for leisure.”
(Hooker, “Sparta” 2)
P: Sparta did not have much of an economy because
men had to serve in the military until they were
60 years old; their daily life centered on military
training. (Beck 131)
Sparta
“Q At the age of 18, a Spartan girl would be assigned to a husband and allowed to
return home after years of training.” (Hooker, “Sparta” 4).
“Q They are trained in gymnastics, wrestling, and survival skills. These are a way to
insure that strong young healthy girls would produce strong young healthy
babies.” (Hooker, “Sparta” 4).
“Q If she fails her duty as a wife, she loses her rights as a citizen and become a
perioikos, a member of the middle class.” (Hooker, “Sparta” 4).
Q-“In most Greek states, women were required to stay indoors at all times.
Spartan women, however, were free to move about, and had an unusual
amount of domestic freedom for their husbands…” (Hooker, “Sparta” 2).
Q-“…Spartan women had considerable freedom, especially in running the family
estates…” (Beck 131)
Q-“They received some military training, and they also ran, wrestled, and played
sports.” (Beck 131)
P: Woman ran the family estates when the men were away in the military. (Beck
131).
P: Woman were taught to put service to sparta above everything. (Beck 131).
P/Q-A legend says that Spartan woman told husbands and sons going to war
“come back with your shield or on it”. (Beck 131)
Purpose of
Education
Boys
Purpose of
Education
Girls
Athens
Q-“Only the sons of wealthy families received formal
education.” (Beck 129)
P-When they got older, boys went to military school. (Beck
129).
Q-“at the age of 7 they began education, largely preparing boys
to become good citizens. They studied reading, grammar,
poetry, history, mathematics and music. Because they were
expected to debate issues in the assembly.” (Beck 128-129)
Q-“Schooling began around the age of seven and largely
prepared boys to be good citizens.” (Beck 128)
P: Then they were trained in logic and public speaking. They did
athletic activities to improve physically, and as they got
older, went to military school. (Beck 129).
P-Athenian girls were educated by female family members to
do house hold chores in their home.” (Beck 129).
P-To pay for that debt, women and children were sold into
slavery. (Hooker, “Athens” 1).
Q-“Athenian girls did not attend school; they were educated at
home by their mothers and other female members of the
household. They learned about child-rearing, weaving cloth,
preparing meals, managing the household and other skills
that help them become good wives and mothers. (Beck 128)
Sparta
P-Boys were taken from their parents at the age of seven, and they were
trained in the art of warfare. They are only allowed to bring a cloak. They
were taught to feed themselves by stealing from surrounding farmhouses.
(Hooker, “Sparta” 4).
Q –“These schools taught discipline, endurance of pain, and survival skills.”
(Hooker, “Sparta”2).
Q-“At age seven every male Spartan was sent to military and athletic schools
these schools taught toughness, discipline, endurance or pain and survival
skills.” (Hooker, “Sparta” 2).
Q-“Boys left home when they were 7 years old and moved to the army
barracks, where they trained until they were 30 years old.” (Beck 131)
P: They wanted the children to put Sparta before everything, so they were
taught to protect it. (Beck 131).
Q-“In Sparta, girls also went to school at age of seven. They were taken from
their parents and trained in their own sisterhood barracks. Whether their
training was as arduous or as rugged as the boys school…history does not
recall, but the girls were taught gymnastics wrestling and survival things.”
(Hooker, “Sparta” 4).
Q-“The Spartans were the only Greeks not only to take seriously the education
of women, they instituted it as state policy” (Sparta 2)
P- Women were educated to put Sparta above everything, and were taught in
military ways (Beck 131)
Q-"They used their skills to help look after the estate while their husband was
gone." (Beck 131)
Athens
Cultural
___-“Pericles’ goal was to have the greatest Greek artists and architects create
priorities
magnificent sculptures and buildings to glorify Athens.” (Hooker, “Athens” 1)
and/or
Q-“Pericles also used money from the Delian League to beautify Athens” (Beck
opportunities
135)
for artistic
P-The Government spurred the growth of intellectual and artistic learning. (Beck
expression
134)
Q-"magnificent sculptures and buildings to glorify athens. At the center of his
plan was one of architectures nobelest works- the Pathenon". . ."Parthenon is
a masterpiece of architectural design and craftsmanship". . . "it was not
unique in style" (Beck 135-136)
Q-“Surplus of money was invested into art and architecture” (Beck 136)
P: Athenians were very open to criticism and encouraged artistic expression. One
of Athens' main goals was to “beautify Athens” by paying architects to
create masterpieces such as sculptures and buildings. (Beck 135-136).
Sparta
Q -“Spartans did not value the arts, literature or other
artistic and intellectual pursuits. “Spartans valued duty,
strength, and discipline over freedom, individuality,
beauty and learning.” (Beck 131).
Q-“The military and the city-state became the center of
Spartan existence” (Hooker, “Sparta” 1).
Q-“Life of discipline, self-denial, and simplicity.” (Hooker,
“Sparta”1).
Q- All forms of individual expression were discouraged.”
(Beck 131)
Athens
Responsibilities P-only wealthier Athenian citizens could afford to hold public
and privileges
office. (Hooker, “Athens 1)
of citizenship
Q-“Cleisthenes then creat”ed the council of five hundred. This
body purposed laws and counseled the assembly. Council
members were chosen by lot or random and members had
to be citizens” (Beck 128)
Q-“In 621 B.C., Draco developed a legal code based on the idea
that all Athenians, Rich or poor, were equal under the law”
(Beck 128)
Q-“In Athens, the farmers in the surrounding countryside
produced mainly wheat, while the wealthy nobles owned
estates that produced wine and oils.” (Beck 128)
P: Citizens could own land and manage it. (Beck 131).
P: Citizens could have a spot on the assembly and vote on
important issues. (Hooker, “Athens” 2).
P: Athens was focused on the enrichment of society and not on
the military, so people could chose to join the army or not.
(Text 131).
Burdens on
Q-“Only free adult male property owners born in Athens were
non-citizens
considered citizens. Women, slaves, and foreigners were
excluded from citizenship and had few rights.” (Beck 128)
Q-“Women, slaves and foreigners were excluded from
citizenship and had few rights”( Beck 128)
P: There were still slaves in Athens, and only free men were
considered citizens and allowed to have a say in the
government. (Hooker, “Athens” 2).
P: “Citizenship” was a disputed word, and the meaning changed
many times. Overall, the rich ended up with the privileges and
the poor ended up as slaves and lower-classmen. (Hooker,
“Athens 2”).
P- Served as slaves to citizens, were not able to be on the
assembly and were not educated. (Hooker, “Athens” 1-2)
Other
Sparta
Q-“The individual lived (and died) for the state.” (Hooker, “Sparta” 2)
Q-“Assembly people are the ones who vote on the Ephorates which is made
up of 30 older citizens.” (Beck 131)
Q-“Boys left home when they were 7 years old and moved to the army
barracks, where they trained until they were 30 years old.” (Beck 131)
P-If a soldier came back from battle without a shield, it shows that they had
fled. For those the shame would be unbearable. They prided themselves
on their military performance. (Hooker, “Sparta” 4)
Q-“The Messenians were turned into agricultural slaves called helots.”
(Hooker, “Sparta” 1).
Q-“Sparta Conquered the region of Messenia. The Messenia’s became
helots, peasants forced to stay on the land they worked” (Beck 129)
P- Citizenship was limited and restricted to a small number. Non-citizens
couldn’t participate in government or get a good education. (Beck 128)
P: Helots were the lowest class of Spartan society. Helots worked the land
and most of it went to the landowners, while they lived on a small plot of
land. They basically lived on the edge of sustenance. (Beck 134).
P: Non-citizens had very little rights, for the assembly was made up of only
citizens. (Beck 134).
Q-“ A second group noncitizens who were free, worked in commerce and
industry. The helots, at the bottom of Spartan society, were little better
than slaves. They worked in the fields or as house servants" (Beck 131)
Athens
P- Athenians believed that it was important to train and develop the body, so part of each day
was spent doing athletic activities (Beck 128-129)
Sparta
P-Spartans did not live in luxury. (Hooker,
“Sparta” 2)