Download Historical Tripos Part I Paper 21 READING LIST

Historical Tripos Part I Paper 21
EMPIRES IN WORLD HISTORY
FROM THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY TO THE FIRST WORLD WAR
READING LIST, 2015-16
Japanese world map, 1914 (http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/history_world.html)
Course convenor: Andrew Arsan ([email protected])
This course addresses one of the most important historical questions of our time: how did the modern world come to be? In
order to answer this complex and wide-ranging question, the course ranges over the long run of global history and spans
much of the world, from the silver mines of Peru and the sugar plantations of Barbados to the Eurasian heartlands of the
Qing and Ottoman empires, and from the penal colony of New South Wales to the port-cities of South-East Asia. The
course focuses in particular on the part played by imperial states and populations – European and non-European alike – in
the making of the early modern world. For to understand this world, whose various regions were integrated as never before
into a single, deeply uneven system of global exchange – a world characterised by cultural connection, convergence and
intermingling, but also by dogged differences, by brutal coercion and stark inequality – we must understand how empires
worked, and what they sought to achieve. What systems of economic extraction, production and exchange, and of political
coercion, persuasion and negotiation, did imperial states devise at different moments in world history? On what legal and
administrative mechanisms, sovereign arrangements and legitimating fictions did they rely? And how did their various
populations respond to such tactics and techniques of imperial rule? This not only a course in top-down history, focusing on
the administrative structures and great men of empire, from Süleyman the Magnificent to Clive of India, but one that pays
attention to the actions and thoughts of imperial subjects, to merchants and missionaries, peasants, slaves and settlers – to
their religious beliefs and conversions, their accommodations and evasions, their resistance and their revolutions.
Accordingly, the course begins with the momentous political developments that shook early modern Eurasia – the
growth of the Ottoman, Mughal and Qing empires, and the growing ambitions of the Iberian states that sent their soldiers,
friars and merchants out into the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. It then moves on to consider the ‘great divergence’ and the
establishment of Dutch and English corporate imperialism in South and South-East Asia, and the revolutionary upheavals
and slave revolts of the late eighteenth-century ‘imperial meridian’. Finally, in its last third, it turns to the nineteenth-century
world, examining on the one hand the novel financial, legal and technological instruments European states deployed in their
pursuit of imperial domination, and on the other the efforts of non-European polities to reform their own states and
societies, and of non-European thinkers to devise new political futures free of empire. Throughout, it never loses sight of the
specificities of regional history and the singularity of human experience.
This is a course, then, that moves up and down scales, seeking to introduce you at once to the large-scale processes
that made the modern world, and to the rich regional historiographies of Africa and the Middle East, Latin America and the
Caribbean, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific, South, South-East, and East Asia.
This is a course that rewards an integrated approach. Your supervisor will help you to select topics that follow on
from one another, enabling you to pick out a path through the course. It is worth pointing out, however, that you
are strongly encouraged to take full opportunity of the course’s breadth, rather than concentrating on a particular
region or period. You are also encouraged to set particular topics in context, and to think in comparative terms. In
other words, it is worth thinking about the connections and comparisons, and the points of similarity and contrast,
which emerge between particular topics, rather than thinking of each essay as a freestanding unit.
The Faculty Reading Lists for Part I papers are revised annually to a greater or lesser extent. In designing examinations,
setters take into account both reading lists operative during a two-year period. This is a guide to themes, questions, and
reading, and not a prescribed syllabus.
For links to online resources, hand-outs, etc. please visit this paper’s Moodle site:
https://www.vle.cam.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=91111 (Raven login required)
Libraries (in addition to the Seeley and UL):
CAS:
CSAS:
FAMES:
Centre of African Studies, Alison Richard Building, www.african.cam.ac.uk
Centre of South Asian Studies, Alison Richard Building (also for Southeast Asia) www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk
Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, Sidgwick Avenue
In addition, many journals can be accessed online through ejournals@cambridge and JSTOR
Abbreviations:
AHR
IESHR
IJMES
JAH
JAS
JICH
JSEAS
American Historical Review
Indian Economic & Social History Review
International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
Journal of African History
Journal of Asian Studies
Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
2
MAS
P&P
OHBE
Modern Asian Studies
Past & Present
Oxford History of the British Empire
General reading
*C.A. Bayly
Jerry Bentley
Lauren Benton
*J. Burbank & F. Cooper
F. Cooper
John Darwin
Daniel Headrick
M.G.S. Hodgson
A.G. Hopkins, ed.
J. Iliffe
P. Levine & J. Marriot
Victor Lieberman
Adam McKeown
Jürgen Osterhammel
A. Pagden
P. Parthasarathi
*K. Pomeranz
S. Subrahmanyam et al.
Joachim Radakau
J. Richards
*Megan Vaughan
The Birth of the Modern World (2004)
The Oxford Handbook of World History (2011)
Law and Colonial Cultures (2002)
Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference (2010)
Colonialism in Question (2005)
After Tamerlane (2007)
Power over Peoples: Technology, Environments & Western Imperialism (2009)
Rethinking World History: Essays on Europe, Islam, and World History (1993)
Globalisation in World History (2001)
Africans (1995)
The Ashgate Research Companion to Modern Imperial Histories (2012)
Strange Parallels, vol. 2, Mainland Mirrors
‘Global Migration 1846-1940’, Journal of World History, 15, 2 (2004)
The Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century (2014)
Lords of all the World: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain & France 1500-1800 (1995)
Why Europe Grew Rich and Asia Did Not (2012)
The Great Divergence (2000)
The Construction of Global World 1400-1800, vol. 6, Cambridge World History (2015)
Nature and Power: A Global History of the Environment (2008)
The Unending Frontier: An Environmental History of the Early Modern World (2004)
‘Africa and the Birth of the Modern World’, Trans. Royal Hist. Society (2006)
3
Table of Contents
1. America and the creation of Spain’s global empire ...................................................................................................5
2. Eurasian empires ......................................................................................................................................................6
3. The Portuguese empire .............................................................................................................................................7
4. Global Christianities……………………………………………………………………………………………………..8
5. The Dutch empire ................................................................................................................................................... 10
6. The plantation complex: Atlantic slavery and its worlds ........................................................................................ 11
7. Slavery and indenture in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans....................................................................................... 12
8. The Pacific Ocean ................................................................................................................................................... 14
9. South Asia in the long eighteenth century: the late Mughal empire and the Company-state................................. 15
10. Early colonial south Asia, c. 1800-1860 .................................................................................................................. 16
11. The global age of revolutions, c.1760-1830 ............................................................................................................. 17
12. Independence and the invention of Latin America ............................................................................................... 18
13. Settler colonialism…………………………………………………………………………………………………….19
14. Imperial transitions, c.1815-1914 ............................................................................................................................ 20
15. The Russian empire .............................................................................................................................................. 21
16. The late Qing Empire............................................................................................................................................ 22
17. Japan in the nineteenth-century world……………………………………………………………………………….23
18. The Ottoman world ............................................................................................................................................... 24
19. The Islamicate world ............................................................................................................................................. 26
20. Africa under colonial rule ...................................................................................................................................... 27
21. Global intellectual histories of the nineteenth century .......................................................................................... 29
4
1. America and the creation of Spain’s global empire
Key themes and debates
•
•
•
•
•
The Spanish colonial state as a ‘successor’ to Mesoamerican empires?
Metropolitan precedent or colonial contingency?
Cultural and religion conversion, hybridity and mestizaje
Indigenous resistance and adaptation
The creation of a global economy
Recent questions
‘The Spanish colonial state owed nothing to metropolitan precedent and everything to local context.’ Discuss. (2014)
To what extent did indigenous societies adapt to Spanish colonial rule? (2014)
‘The further one gets away from the centres of imperial power, the less Spanish the colonial state seems.’ Discuss. (2015)
Were indigenous societies simply passive victims of the incorporation of Spanish America into global systems of production
and exchange? (2015)
Suggested reading
Suzanne Alchon
S. Alcock et al., eds.
*Peter Bakewell
Arnold J. Bauer
Thomas Benjamin
D. Brading
Paul Cohen
A Pest in the Land: New World Epidemics in a Global Perspective (2003)
Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History (2001), esp. ch. by Deagan
A History of Latin America, 3rd ed. (2009)
Goods, Power, History: Latin America’s Material Culture (2001)
The Atlantic World: Europeans, Africans, Indians and their Shared History, 1400-1900 (2009)
The First America (1991)
‘Was There an Amerindian Atlantic? Reflections on the Limits of a Historiographical Concept’,
History of European Ideas, 34, 4 (2008)
N. David Cook
Born to Die: Disease and New World Conquest, 1492-1650 (1998)
Alan Covey
‘The Inca Empire’, in H. Silverman and William H. Isbell, eds., Handbook of South American
Archaeology (2008), 809-830 (available online)
A. Cañeque
The King’s Living Image: Culture and Politics of Viceregal Power in Colonial Mexico (2004)
I. Clendinnen
Aztecs: An Interpretation (1991)
*John H. Elliott
Empires of the Atlantic world: Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830 (2006)
N. Farriss
Maya Society under Colonial Rule (1984)
S. Gruzinski
The Mestizo Mind (2002)
H. Klein & B. Vinson
African Slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2nd ed. (2007)
A. Knight
Mexico: The Colonial Era (2006)
L. Matthew & M. Oudijk, eds.
Indian Conquistadors: Indigenous Allies in the Conquest of Mesoamerica (2007)
William McNeill
Plagues and People (1998) (available online)
Sidney Mintz
Sweetness and Power (1985)
Frank Moya Pons
History of the Caribbean (2007)
Matthew Restall
Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest (2003) (available online)
*M. Restall & K. Lane
Latin America in Colonial Times (2011)
T. Saignes
‘The Colonial Condition in the Quechua-Aymara Heartland’, in F. Salomon and S. Schwartz, eds.,
Cambridge History of Native Peoples of the Americas, v. III, pt. 2, 59-137
S. Subrahmanyam
‘Holding the World in Balance: The Connected Histories of the Iberian Overseas Empires, 15001640’, AHR, 112, 5 (2007)
C. Townsend
‘Burying the White Gods: New Perspectives on the Conquest of Mexico’, AHR, 108, 3 (2003)
5
2. Eurasian empires
Key themes
•
•
•
•
•
Imperial comparisons
‘Eurasia’ as a cultural, economic and political unit?
‘Early modernity’ as a category of historical analysis
Layered sovereignty, the management of difference, and the nature of imperial rule
The great divergence
Recent questions
To what extent did the Qing, Mughal and Ottoman empires share a common set of administrative tactics and techniques
before 1800? (2015)
What created the divergence between Europe and the Ottoman, Qing and Mughal empires? (2013)
Suggested reading
General:
*C.A. Bayly
*C.A. Bayly
P. Bang, ed.
S. Dale
M. Hodgson
Huri Islamoglu
K. Pomeranz
Imperial Meridian (1989), chs. 1-2
The Birth of the Modern World, chs. 1-3
Universal Empire: A Comparative Approach to Imperial Culture and Representation in Eurasian History
(2012)
The Muslim Empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals (2009)
The Venture of Islam, vols. 2, 3 (1974)
‘Modernities Compared…the Qing & Ottoman Empires’, J. Early Modern Hist. 3 (1999)
The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy (2000)
The Ottomans:
Virginia Aksan
Karen Barkey
*Suraiya Faroqhi
Daniel Goffman
Ariel Salzmann
‘Locating the Ottomans among Early Modern Empires’, J. Early Modern Hist. 3 (1999)
Empire of Differences: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective (2008)
The Ottoman Empire and the World Around It (2004)
The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe (2002)
Tocqueville in the Ottoman Empire: Rival Paths to the Modern State (2004)
The Mughals:
M. Alam and S. Subrahmanyam, eds. The Mughal State, 1526-1750 (1998)
M. Alam and S. Subrahmanyam Writing the Mughal World: Studies on Culture and Politics (2012)
Munis Faruqui
Princes of the Mughal Empire (2012)
Stewart Gordon
The Marathas, Marauders and State Formation in Eighteenth-Century India (1994)
*J. F. Richards
The Mughal Empire (1993)
The Qing:
R. Bin Wong
Philip Kuhn
Pamela Kyle Crossley
E. Rawski
James Millward
*William Rowe
China Transformed (1997)
Soulstealers: The Chinese Sorcery Scare of 1768 (1990)
The Manchus (1997)
The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions (2001)
Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang (2007)
China’s Last Empire (2009)
6
3. The Portuguese empire
Key themes and debates
•
•
•
•
•
Predatory, parasitic or mercantile?
Maritime and landed empire
The integration of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans
Indigenous agency, resistance and adaptation
‘Medieval’ or ‘early modern’?
Recent questions
‘The first global empire, but fundamentally archaic.’ Is this a fair assessment of Portuguese empire before 1800? (2010)
What determined the extent of indigenous assistance or resistance in the Portuguese empire? (2013)
‘An amphibious empire, as comfortable on land as on the sea.’ Discuss this view of the Portuguese empire (2015)
Suggested reading
Atlantic:
*P.J. Bakewell
History of Latin America, 295–348
*F. Bethencourt & D.R. Couto, eds. Portuguese Oceanic Expansion, 1400-1800 (2007), essays by Schwartz, Pearson, Thornton
and Armesto
D. Birmingham
Trade and Empire in the Atlantic, 1400-1600 (2000)
N. Canny & A. Pagden
Colonial Identity in the Atlantic World, 1500-1800 (1987)
H. B. Johnson
‘The Leasing of Brazil, 1502-1515: A Problem Resolved?’ The Americas, 55, 3 (1999)
J. Lang
Portuguese Brazil: The King’s Plantation (1979), chs. 1-3
Malyn Newitt
A History of Portuguese Expansion, 1400-1668 (2005)
A.J.R Russell-Wood
Society and Government in Colonial Brazil, 1500-1822 (1992)
A.J.R Russell-Wood
The Black Man in Slavery and Freedom in Colonial Brazil (1982)
S.B. Schwartz
Sugar Plantations in the Formation of Brazilian Society (1985)
D. Studnicki-Gizbert
A Nation upon the Ocean Sea: Portugal’s Atlantic Diaspora and the Crisis of the Spanish American Empire,
1492-1640 (2007)
S. Subrahmanyam
‘Holding the World in Balance’, AHR 112 (2007)
Asia and Africa:
M. Alam and S. Subrahmanyam Writing the Mughal World: Studies on Culture and Politics (2012)
L. Andaya
The World of Malaku: Eastern Indonesia in the Early Modern Period (1993)
D. Birmingham & P. Martin, eds. History of Central Africa (1983), vol. 1, chapters 1, 4 and 6
J.C. Boyajian
Portuguese Trade in Asia under the Habsburgs, esp. ch. 5
C. Boxer
‘Some Considerations on Portuguese Colonial Historiography’, in A. Disney, ed. Historiography of
Europeans in Africa and Asia, 1450-1800, vol. 4 (1995)
A. Disney, ed.
Vasco da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia (2005), chs. by Prakash, Couto, Winius
P. Machado
‘“Without Scales and Balances”’ Portuguese Studies Review 9 (2001)
M. Pearson
The Portuguese in India (1987)
*M. Pearson
The Indian Ocean (2003), ch. 5
G. Scammell
‘Indigenous Assistance’, MAS (1980)
A. Strathern
Kingship and Conversion in 16th Century Sri Lanka (2007)
*S. Subrahmanyam
Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500–1700 (1997)
S. Subrahmanyam
‘Written on Water: Designs and Dynamics in the Portuguese Estado da India’, in S. Alcock et al,
eds., Empires (2001)
N. Tarling, ed.
Cambridge History of South-East Asia, vol. 1, chs. 6–8
L.F. Thomasz & S. Subrahmanyam, ‘Evolution of Empire’, in J. D Troy, ed., The Political Economy of Merchant Empires (1991)
L.F. Thomasz
‘Faction, Interests and Messianism: The Politics of Portuguese Expansion in the East’, Indian Ec.
& Soc. Hist. Review 28, 1 (1991)
J. Thornton
The Kingdom of Kongo (1983), esp. ch. 6
7
4. Global Christianities
Key themes and debates
•
•
•
•
Conversion and its meanings
Shared religious practice, ‘syncretism’ and ‘hybridity’
Missionaries and imperialism
Missionaries and the history of knowledge
Recent questions
How appropriate is it to view Christian missionaries as agents of new political, cultural and scientific ideas? (2012)
Have historians underestimated the extent of conflict between missionaries and imperial administrators? (2015)
Who held primacy in the cultural encounter between Christian missionaries and indigenous peoples? (2011)
Suggested reading
Pre-1800:
T. Alberts
Conflict and conversion: Catholicism in Southeast Asia (2013)
S. Bayly
Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society (1989), chs. 9–10
H.W. Bowden
American Indians and Christian Missions (1981)
C.R. Boxer
Japan’s Christian Century (1974)
Luke Clossey
Salvation and Globalization in the Early Jesuit Missions (2008)
N. Farris
Maya Society under Colonial Rule (1984), 286–355
J. Gernet
China and the Christian Impact (1985)
A. Hastings
The Church in Africa 1450–1950 (1994)
E. Kenton
Black Gown and Redskins 1610–1791 (1956)
Mary Laven
Mission to China: Matteo Ricci and the Jesuit Encounter with the East (2012)
P.J. Marshall, ed.
Oxford History of the British Empire (OHBE) II (1999), ch. 6
K. Mills and A. Grafton, eds. Conversion: Old Worlds and New (2003)
A. Pagden
The Fall of Natural Man: the America Indian and the origins of comparative ethnology (1982)
A.N. Porter
Religion vs. Empire? British Protestant Missions and Overseas Expansion 1700-1914 (2004)
Jonathan Spence
The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci (1985)
J.F. Moran
The Japanese and the Jesuits: Alessandro Valignano in Sixteenth-century Japan (1993)
Gabriela Ramos
Death and Conversion in the Andes (2010)
Vicente Raphael
Contracting Colonialism: translation & conversion in Tagalog society under early Spanish rule (1988)
A. Strathern
‘Transcendentalist Intransigence. Why Rulers Rejected Monotheism in Southeast Asia and
Beyond’, CSSH 49 (2007)
N. Tarling, ed.
Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, vol. 1, ch. 9
J. Thornton
The Kongolese Saint Anthony (1998)
Post-1800:
J. and J. Comaroff
Of Revelation and Revolution (1991)
Nola Cooke
‘Early Nineteenth Century Vietnamese Catholics’, JSEAS, 35 (2004)
Jeffrey Cox
The British Missionary Enterprise since 1700 (2010)
Marwa Elshakry
‘The Gospel of Science and American Evangelism in Late Ottoman Beirut’, Past &Present (2007)
N. Etherington, ed.
Missions and Empire (2005)
Robert Frykenberg, ed.
Christians and Missionaries in India (2003)
Niel Gunson
‘An account of the Mamaia or Visionary Heresy of Tahiti’, J. Polynesian Soc. 71 (1962)
P. Harries and D. Maxwell The Spiritual in the Secular: Missionaries and Knowledge about Africa (2012)
Henrietta Harrison
The Missionary’s Curse and other Tales from a Chinese Catholic Village (2013)
A. Hastings
The Church in Africa 1450–1950 (1994)
Isabel Hofmeyr
The Portable Bunyan: A Transnational History of the ‘Pilgrim’s Progress’ (2004)
Paul Landau
The Realm of the Word: Language, Gender and Christianity in a South African Kingdom (1995)
Pier Larson
Ocean of Letters: Language & Creolization in the Indian Ocean Diaspora (2009), chs. 2-3, or article in
AHR (1997)
Ussama Makdisi
The Artillery of Heaven: American Missionaries and the Failed Conversion of the Middle East (2009)
Tomoko Masuzawa
The Invention of World Religions (2005)
J.D.Y. Peel
Religious Encounter and the Making of the Yoruba (2001), esp. chapters 1 and 8
8
Brian Pennington
Derek Peterson
A.N. Porter
Sujit Sivasundaram
Sujit Sivasundaram
The Invention of Hinduism: Britons, Indians, and the Construction of Religion in Colonial Bengal (2005)
‘Religion’ in P. Levine and J. Marriott, eds. ,Ashgate Companion to Modern Imperial Histories (2012)
‘”Cultural Imperialism” and British Expansion in the Long 19th century’, JICH 25 (1997)
Nature and the Godly Empire: Science and Evangelical Mission in the Pacific (2005)
‘A Global History of Science and Religion’ in Thomas Dixon et. al, eds., Science and Religion: New
Historical Perspectives (2010)
J.D. Spence
God’s Chinese Son (1996)
Brian Stanley, ed.
Christian Missions and the Enlightenment (2001)
Susan Thorne
Congregational Missions and the Making of an Imperial Culture (1999)
O. White & J. P. Daughton, eds. In God’s Empire: French Missionaries in the Modern World (2012)
9
5. The Dutch empire
Key themes and debates
•
•
•
•
Corporate sovereignty and the Dutch imperial state
‘Capitalism’ and ‘mercantilism’ in Dutch imperial expansion
Violence and coercion in Dutch imperial rule
The Dutch and the Indian Ocean world: resistance, accommodation and appropriation
Recent questions
‘Systematic violence, rather than any putative propensity for capitalism, was the key to Dutch success in the Indian Ocean
world.’ Discuss. (2015)
‘The Dutch empire was a company acting as a state.’ Discuss. (2013)
‘An empire of the ledger.’ Do you agree with this view of Dutch expansion overseas? (2010)
Suggested reading
Leonard Blusse
Strange Company: Chinese Settlers, Mestizo Women and the Dutch in VOC Batavia (1986)
Leonard Blusse
Visible Cities: Canton, Nagasaki and Batavia and the Coming of the Americans (2008)
L. Blusse & F. Gaastra, eds. Companies and Trade (1981)
T. Brooks
Vermeer’s Hat: The Seventeenth Century and the Dawn of the Global World (2008)
A. Brugh & T. Veenstra
‘The Creolization of Dutch (Afrikaans, Negerhollands, and Berbice Dutch)’, Journal of Pidgin and
Creole Languages, 8/1 (1993)
N. Canny, ed.
OHBE, I (1998), ch. 19 by J. Israel
*K.N. Chaudhuri
Trade and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean, chapter 4
H. Cook
Matters of Exchange: Commerce, Medicine and Science in the Dutch Golden Age (2009)
A. Das Gupta
Malabar in Asian Trade 1740–1800 (1967)
W. Dooling
Slavery, Emancipation and Colonial Rule in South Africa (2007), ch. 1
R. Elphick & H. Giliomee, eds., The Shaping of South African Society 1652–1840 (1989)
P. Emmer
The Dutch in the Atlantic Economy, 1580-1880
C. Goslinga
The Dutch in the Caribbean and on the Wild Coast
I. Habib & T. Raychaudhuri Cambridge Economic History of India, vol. 2
*J. Israel
Dutch Primacy in World Trade 1585–1740; Empires and Entrepôts
W. Klooster
Illicit Riches: Dutch Trade in the Caribbean
G. Parker
The Military Revolution (1988), chapters 3 and 4
*Om Prakash
The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Bengal, esp. conclusion
A. Reid
Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, vol. 2, Expansion and Crisis
Alicia Schrikker
Dutch and British Colonial Intervention in Sri Lanka, 1780-1815 (2007), pp. 1-140 [SAS]
Heather Sutherland
‘The Makssar Malays: Adaptation and Identity c. 1660-1790’, JSEAS 32, 2001.
Jean G. Taylor
The Social World of Batavia: Europeans and Eurasians in Dutch Asia
Jean G. Taylor
Indonesia: Peoples and Histories (2003)
K. Ward
Networks of Empire: Forced Migration in the Dutch East India Company (2008)
10
6. The plantation complex: Atlantic slavery and its worlds
Key themes
•
•
•
•
The plantation complex and modernity
Cultures of slavery: planters, traders and slaves
Capitalism or feudalism?
Slavery, imperialism and industrialisation
Recent questions
In what respects does an understanding of Atlantic slavery enhance our understanding of European imperialism? (2015)
‘The modern world was born in the Middle Passage.’ Discuss. (2014)
Suggested reading
Sources:
M. Craton, J. Walvin, & D. Wright, eds. Slavery, Abolition, & Emancipation, Parts 1, 2, 4, 5
E. Donnan, ed.
Documents Illustrative of the Slave Trade, vol. 1, 282–301; vol. 2, 393–417, 632–42
P. Edwards, ed.
Equiano’s Travels (1967) [and later editions]
Ian Baucom
*Robin Blackburn
--------C. Brown
V. Brown
T. Burnard
Vincent Carretta
N. Canny, ed.
*Philip D. Curtin
*Richard Drayton
Specters of the Atlantic: Finance Capital, Slavery, and the Philosophy of History (2005)
The Making of New World Slavery: from the Baroque to the Modern, 1492-1800 (1997)
The Overthrow of Colonial Slavery, 1776-1848 (1988)
Moral Capital: Foundations of British Abolitionism (2006)
The Reaper’s Garden: Death and Power in the World of Atlantic Slavery (2008)
Mastery, Tyranny and Desire: Thomas Thistlewood and his Slaves in the Anglo-Jamaican World (2004)
Equiano the African: Biography of a Self-Made Man (2005)
OHBE, I (1998), chs. 2, 10, 11
The Rise and Fall of the Plantation Complex (1990)
‘The Collaboration of Labour: Slaves, Empires, and Globalizations in the Atlantic World, c.16001850’, in A.G. Hopkins, ed. Globalization in World History (2000)
S. Drescher
Econocide: British Slavery in the Era of Abolition (1977)
S. Drescher
Abolition: A History of Slavery and Anti-Slavery (2009)
D. Eltis
The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas (2000)
D. Eltis & J. Walvin, eds. The Abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade (1981), Introduction and Part 1
D. Eltis & L.C. Jennings ‘Trade between West Africa & the Atlantic world in the Pre-Colonial Era’, AHR 93 (1988)
Alison Games
‘Atlantic History: Definitions, Challenges and Opportunities’ AHR (2006)
A.G. Hopkins, ed.
Globalisation in World History (2002), chapter by Drayton
J.E. Inikori
Africans and the Industrial Revolution in England (2002)
H. Klein & B. Vinson
African Slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2nd ed. (2007)
P.J. Marshall, ed.
OHBE, II (1998), chapter 20 by Richardson
P. Morgan
‘The Cultural Implications of the Atlantic Slave Trade: African Regional Origins, American
Destinations and New World Developments’, Slavery and Abolition 18 (1997)
P.D. Morgan and S. Hawkins, eds. Black Experience and the Empire (2004)
S. Newman
A New World of Labour: The Development of Plantation Slavery in the British Atlantic (2013)
P.K. O’Brien
‘Metanarratives in Global Histories of Progress’, International Hist. Review 23, 2 (2001)
Derek Peterson, ed.
Abolitionism and Imperialism in Britain, Africa and the Atlantic (2010)
Markus Rediker
The Slave Ship: A Human History (2007)
C. Robinson
‘Capitalism, Slavery, and Bourgeois Historiography’, History Workshop J 23 (1987)
V. Rubin & A. Tuden, eds. Comparative Perspectives on Slavery (1977), chs. by Curtin, Anstey, & Drescher
S.B. Schwartz
Sugar Plantations in the Formation of Brazilian Society (1985)
Stuart Schwartz, ed.
Tropical Babylons: Sugar and the Making of the Atlantic World (2004)
B.L. Solow, ed.
Slavery and the Rise of the Atlantic System (1991), intro, chapters 5 and 8
B.L. Solow & SL Engerman, eds.
British Capitalism and Caribbean Slavery: the legacy of Eric Williams (1987)
R.L. Stein
The French Slave Trade in the Eighteenth Century (1979)
James Walvin
The Trader, the Owner, the Slave: Parallel Lives in the Age of Slavery (2007)
*Eric Williams
Capitalism and Slavery (1944; reprint 1966)
11
7. Slavery and indenture in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans
Key themes
•
•
•
•
•
The slave trade and African society
African identities in the slave trade
The ‘development of underdevelopment’
Indenture: a ‘new system of slavery’?
Transitions from slavery to ‘legitimate trade’?
Recent questions
‘The slave trade destroyed Africa’s potential for rapid economic and political development.’ Discuss. (2010)
To what extent did slavery transform African societies? (2014)
Were the labourers of the Indian Ocean after 1750 ever ‘slaves’? (2013)
Suggested reading
(a) West Africa and the Atlantic:
Sources:
P.D. Curtin
Africa Remembered: Narratives by West Africans from the era of the Slave Trade (1967)
Boubacar Barry
Senegambia and the Transatlantic Slave Trade (2004)
Jean-Francois Bayart
‘Africa in the World: a History of Extraversion’, African Affairs 99 (2000)
N. Canny, ed.
OHBE I (1998), chapters 2 and 11
Sylviane Diouf, ed.,
Fighting the Slave Trade: West African Strategies (2003)
D. Eltis & L.C. Jennings ‘Trade between West Africa & the Atlantic World in the Pre-Colonial Era’, AHR 93 (1988)
D. Eltis and D. Richardson, eds. ‘Routes to Slavery: Direction, Ethnicity and Mortality in the Transatlantic Slave Trade’
Slavery and Abolition, 18, 1 (1997)
D. Eltis et al.
‘Costs of Coercion: African Agency in the History of the Atlantic World’ Ec.H.R., 54 (2001)
W. Hawthorne
Planting rice and harvesting slaves: transformations along the Guinea-Bissau coast, 1400-1900 (2003)
D. Henige
‘John Kabes of Komenda: Early African Entrepreneur & State Builder’, JAH 18 (1977)
A.G. Hopkins
Economic History of West Africa (1973), chapter 3
John Iliffe
Africans (1995), chapter 7
J.E. Inikori & S.L. Engerman, eds. The Atlantic Slave Trade: Effects on Economics, Societies and People (1992)
H.S. Klein
‘The African Organization of the Slave Trade’ in The Atlantic Slave Trade (1999)
A. J. H. Latham
Old Calabar, 1600-1891 (1973)
R. Law
The Oyo Empire, c.1600-c.1836: A West African Imperialism in the Era of the Atlantic Slave Trade
R. Law
‘Slave-Raiders and Middlemen, Monopolists and Free-Traders: The Supply of Slaves for the
Atlantic Trade in Dahomey c. 1715-1850’ JAH 30 (1989)
R. Law
Ouidah: The Social History of a West African Slaving Port (2004)
R. Law, ed.
From Slave Trade to ‘Legitimate’ Commerce (1995), Introduction, chapters 1–2, 4
R. Law and K. Mann
‘West Africa in the Atlantic community’ William & Mary Quarterly 55 (1999)
R. Law and S. Strickrodt, eds. Ports of the Slave Trade (1999)
P.E. Lovejoy and D. Richardson, ‘Trust, Pawnship, and Atlantic History: The Institutional Foundations of the Old Calabar
Slave Trade’, AHR 104 (1999)
K. Mann
Slavery and the Birth of an African City: Lagos, 1760-1900 (2007)
K. Mann and E. Bay, eds. ‘Rethinking the African Diaspora’, Slavery and Abolition 22, 1 (2001)
P. Manning
Slavery and African Life (1990)
*Patrick Manning
‘Africa and the African Diaspora: New Directions of Study’, JAH 44 (2003)
J.C. Miller
Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade (1988), pref., chs. 1–5, 11, 19
David Northrup
Trade without Rulers (1978)
David Northrup
Africa’s Discovery of Europe, 1450-1850 (2002)
Isidore Okpewho et al., eds. African Diaspora: African Origins and New World Identities (2001)
C.C. Robertson & M.A. Klein, eds. Women and Slavery in Africa (1983)
Walter Rodney
How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (1972), chapters 3–4
James Searing
West African Slavery and Atlantic Commerce: The Senegal River Valley, 1700-1860 (1993)
R.J. Sparks
‘Two Princes of Calabar’, William and Mary Quarterly 59 (2002)
*J. Thornton
Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World (1992)
12
(b) East Africa, South Asia and the Indian Ocean:
Richard Allen
Slaves, Freedmen and Indentured Labour in Colonial Mauritius (1999)
Richard Allen
‘Licentious and Unbridled Proceedings: The Illegal Slave Trade to Mauritius and the Seychelles in
the Early Nineteenth Century’, JAH 42 (2002), 91-117
Edward Alpers
‘Recollecting Africa: Diasporic Memory in the Indian Ocean World’, African Studies Review 43
(2000)
Sunil Amrith
‘Tamil Diasporas across the Bay of Bengal', AHR 114, 3 (2009)
Sunil Amrith
Crossing the Bay of Bengal: The Furies of Nature and the Fortunes of Migrants (2013)
Clare Anderson
Subaltern Lives: Biographies of Colonialism in the Indian Ocean World, 1790-1920 (2012)
Anthony Barker
Slavery and Antislavery in Mauritius, 1810-1833 (1996)
G. Campbell, ed.
Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia (2003)
Marina Carter
‘Indian Indentured Migration and the Forced Labour Debate’, Itinerario 21 (1997)
Marina Carter
Voices from Indenture: Experiences of Indian Migrants in the British Empire (1996)
*Marina Carter
‘Slavery and Unfree Labour in the Indian Ocean’, History Compass (2006)
Marina Carter
Servants, Sirdars and Settlers: Indians in Mauritius, 1834-1874 (1995)
Janet Ewald
‘Crossers of the Sea: Slaves, Freedmen and other Migrants in the Northwestern Indian Ocean
1750-1914’, AHR 105 (2000), 69-92
Pier M. Larson
Ocean of Letters: Language and Creolization in an Indian Ocean Diaspora (2009)
David Northrup
‘Migration from Africa, Asia, and the South Pacific’, OHBE III (1999)
D. Northrup
Indentured Labour in the Age of Imperialism, 1834-1922
Kay Saunders, ed.
Indentured Labour in the British Empire, 1834-1920
Hugh Tinker
A New System of Slavery: The Export of Indian Labour Overseas, 1830-1920 (1974)
Megan Vaughan
Creating the Creole Island: Slavery in Eighteenth-Century Mauritius (2005)
K. Ward
Networks of Empire: Forced Migration in the Dutch East India Company (2008)
James Warren
Rickshaw Coolie: A People’s History of Singapore (1880-1940) (1986)
Anand A. Yang
‘Indian Convict Workers in Southeast Asia in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth
Centuries,’ Journal of World History 14 (2003)
13
8. The Pacific Ocean
Key themes
•
•
•
•
Indigenous and imperial ways of knowing
The Pacific and the history of science
Oceanic history as an approach
Labour and production systems
Recent questions
Why and how were new knowledge and science a stimulus to European expansion in the Pacific (2010)
What did the Pacific Ocean contribute to the making of the modern world? (2012)
‘Pacific islanders dramatically altered both the empires and intruders who entered their ocean.’ Discuss. (2013)
‘Oceans are worlds unto themselves, and should be studied as such.’ Discuss. (2014)
Suggested reading
Vanessa Agnew
Enlightenment Orpheus: The Power of Music in Other Worlds (2008)
Paul D’Arcy
The People of the Sea: Environment, Identity and History in Oceania (2006)
D. Armitage and A. Bashford, eds. Pacific Histories (2014)
Tony Ballantyne
Orientalism and Race: Aryanism in the British Empire (2002)
Tracy Banivanua Mar and Penelope Desmonds, eds. Making Settler Colonial Space (2010)
Rainer F. Buschman
‘The Pacific Ocean Basin to 1850’, in Jerry Bentley, ed., The Oxford Handbook of World History
(2011)
Paul Carter
The Road to Botany Bay (1987)
Gregory Cushman
Guano and the Opening of the Pacific World: A Global Ecological History (2013)
Greg Dening
Islands and Beaches: Discourses on a Silent Land, Marquesas, 1774-1880 (1980)
Donald Denoon et al., eds. The Cambridge History of Pacific Islanders (1997)
Bronwen Douglas
Science, Voyages and Encounters in Oceania, 1511-1850 (2014)
William Eisler
The Furthest Shore: Images of Terra Australis from the Middle Ages to Captain Cook (1995)
Alan Frost
‘The Pacific Ocean: The Eighteenth Century’s “New World”’, Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth
Century 142 (1976)
Kate Fullagar
The Savage Visit: New World People and Popular Imperial Culture in Britain 1770-1795 (2012)
Epeli Hau’ofa
‘Our Sea of Islands’, in The Contemporary Pacific (1994)
David Igler
The Great Ocean: Pacific Worlds from Captain Cook to the Gold Rush (2013)
Margaret Jolly
‘Imagining Oceania: Indigenous and Foreign Representations of a Sea of Islands’, in The
Contemporary Pacific (2007)
Shino Konishi and Maria Nugent
‘Newcomers, c.1600-1800’, in Alison Bashford and Stuart McIntyre, eds. Cambridge
History of Australia, vol. 1 (2013)
Jennifer Newell
Trading Nature: Tahitians, Europeans and Ecological Exchange (2010)
Linda Newsom
Conquest and Pestilence in the Early Spanish Philippines (2009)
Matt Matsuda
Pacific Worlds: A History of Seas, Peoples and Cultures (2012)
Gananath Obeyesekere
The Apotheosis of Captain Cook: European Mythmaking in the Pacific (1992)
Marshall Sahlins
Islands of History (1985)
Damon Salesa
‘The World from Oceania’, in Douglas Northrop, ed., A Companion to World History (2012)
--------Racial Crossings: Race, Intermarriage and the Victorian British Empire (2011)
Anne Salmond
The Trial of the Cannibal Dog: Captain Cook in the South Seas (2003)
Sujit Sivasundaram
Nature and the Godly Empire: Science and Evangelical Mission in the Pacific (2005)
OHK Spate
‘“South Sea” to “Pacific Ocean”: A Note on Nomenclature’, Journal of Pacific History (1977)
Bernard Smith
European Vision and the South Pacific (1985)
Vanessa Smith
‘Bank, Tupaia and Mai: Cross-Cultural Exchanges and Friendship in the Pacific’, Parergon (2009)
Teresia Teaiwa
‘On Analogies: Rethinking the Pacific in a Global Context’, The Contemporary Pacific (2006)
Nicholas Thomas
Discoveries: The Voyages of Captain Cook (2007)
Nicholas Thomas
Islanders: The Pacific in an Age of Empire (2010)
David Turnbull
Masons, Tricksters and Cartographers (2000), ch. 4
Glyndwr Williams
‘Pacific: Exploitation and Exploration’ in P. J. Marshall, ed. OHBE II
14
9. South Asia in the long eighteenth century: the late Mughal empire and the Company-state
Key themes
•
•
•
•
•
Mughal ‘decline’ and British ascendancy?
The Company-state: foreign behemoth or Indian successor state?
Indigenous resistance and accommodation
The ‘transition from trade to dominion’
The role of ideas: British understandings of sovereignty, law and empire
Recent questions
‘If a desire for conquest had been absent at the start, the East India Company would not have equipped itself with the means
which made territorial expansion possible.’ Discuss. (2010)
‘The control of the indigenous society and economy rather than collaboration with Indians laid the foundations of the
Company Raj before 1830.’ Discuss. (2012)
Was the English East India Company always as much a state as a trading venture? (2015)
Suggested reading
Seema Alavi
R. Barnett
*C.A. Bayly
C.A. Bayly
C.A. Bayly
H.V. Bowen
R. Datta
Nicholas Dirks
M. Fisher
M. Fisher
P.J. Marshall
P.J. Marshall
P.J. Marshall, ed.
P. Parthasarathi
Sudipta Sen
Philip Stern
*Lawrence Stone, ed.
L. Subramanian
R. Travers
*R. Travers
R. Travers
D.A. Washbrook
Jon Wilson
Jon Wilson
‘The Company Army and Rural Society: Invalid Thanah 1780–1830', MAS 27, 1 (1993)
North India Between Empires, 1720–1801 (1980)
Indian Society and The Making of the British Empire (1987), chapters 1-3
Empire and Information (1996), chapters 2-3
‘The First Age of Global Imperialism 1760–1830’, JICH 26, 2 (1988)
The Business of Empire: the East India Company and Imperial Britain, 1756-1833 (2006)
Society, Economy and the Market in Rural Bengal 1760–1800 (2000)
The Scandal of Empire (2005)
Indirect Rule in India (1991), 1–66, 123–227, 269–363
‘Office of Akhbār Nawīs: transition from Mughal to British forms’, MAS 27, 1 (1993)
‘Reappraisals: The Rise of British Power in Eighteenth-Century India’, South Asia 19, 1 (1996)
Bengal: The British Bridgehead (1987), esp. ch. 3
OHBE, II, chapters 1, 22–24 by Marshall, Ray, Bowen
The Transition to a Colonial Economy: Weavers, Merchants and Kings in South India (2001)
Distant Sovereignty: National Imperialism and the Origins of British India (2002)
The Company-State: Corporate Sovereignty and the Early Modern Foundations of the British Empire in India
(2011)
An Imperial State at War (1993), chapter 12 by Bayly
Indigenous Capital and Imperial Expansion (1996)
Ideology and Empire in Eighteenth-Century India (2007)
‘The Eighteenth Century in India’, Eighteenth Century Studies (2008)
‘“The Real Value of the Lands”: The Nawabs, the British and the Land Tax in EighteenthCentury Bengal’, MAS 3 (2004)
‘South India 1770–1840: The Colonial Transition’ MAS 3 (2004)
The Domination of Strangers: Modern Governance in Eastern India, 1780-1835 (2010)
‘Early Colonial India beyond Empire’, HJ (2007)
15
10. Early colonial south Asia, c. 1800-1860
Key themes
•
•
•
•
•
Knowledge and imperial rule
Indian resistance and assistance
Liberalism and empire
The causes of 1857
1857: mutiny, rebellion, revolution or restoration?
Recent questions
Restoration or revolution? Which of the two is a better description of the events of 1857-8 in India? (2010)
Why did liberalism accompany British advance in India? (2011)
‘Peasant rebels were the agents of the Indian Rebellions of 1857-9’. Discuss. (2012)
What was the role of ideas in the evolution of British imperialism in India before 1840? (2013)
Suggested reading
(a) The Company Raj:
C.A. Bayly
*C.A. Bayly
*S. Bose & A. Jalal
Partha Chatterjee
K.N. Chaudhuri
M. Dodson
R. Frykenberg, ed.
Shruti Kapila, ed.
S.N. Mukherjee
B. Raman
R. Singha & K. Prior
S. Sivasundaram
E.T. Stokes
E.T Stokes
T.R. Metcalf
D.A. Washbrook
D.A. Washbrook
Indian Society and the making of the British Empire, ch. 6
Recovering Liberties: Indian Thought in the Age of Liberalism and Empire (2011)
Modern South Asia, 76–97
The Black Hole of Empire: History of a Global Practice of Power (2012)
Economic Development under the East India Company, Introduction
Orientalism and National Culture (2007)
Land Control and Social Structure in Indian History, chs. by Cohn, Stein, Raychaudhuri
Modern Intellectual History 4, 1 (2007), essays by Bayly, Wilson, Dodson
Citizen Historian (1996), essays on Rammohan Roy, women etc.
Document Raj: Writing and Scribes in Early Colonial South India (2012)
Articles in MAS 1 (1993)
Islanded: Britain, Sri Lanka and the Bounds of an Indian Ocean Colony (2013)
The Peasant and the Raj (1978), chapter 2
English Utilitarians and India (1959), esp. Part 1
Ideologies of the Raj (1995)
‘Law, State and Agrarian Society in Colonial India’, MAS (1981)
OHBE III, chapter 18
(b) The Mutiny-Rebellion:
Sources:
Sir John Kaye
History of the Sepoy War in India, vol. 1 (1867)
Sita Rama
From Sepoy to Subahdar (UL West Room)
S. Rizvi & M. Bhargava, eds. Freedom Struggle in UP, vols. 1 and 4 [documents]
C.A. Bayly
Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire, ch. 6
*C.A. Bayly
Empire and Information (1996), chapter on Mutiny
C.A. Bayly
Origins of Nationality in South Asia (1998), ch. 3
E.I. Brodkin
‘Struggle for Succession’, MAS (1972)
W. Dalrymple
The Last Mughal (2007)
R. Guha, ed.
Subaltern Studies IV, article by G. Bhadra, ‘Four rebels of 1857’
N. Gupta & M. Hasan, eds. India’s Colonial Encounter, chapter by R. Ray
T.R. Metcalf
Land, Landlords and the British Raj (1979), chapters 6 and 7
T.R. Metcalf
Ideologies of the Raj (1995)
R. Mukherjee
Awadh in Revolt 1857–58
Tapti Roy
Article in MAS 1 (1993)
E.T. Stokes
The Peasant and the Raj (1978), chapter 2
*E.T. Stokes
The Peasant Armed (1986), esp. chapters 1–3
Kim Wagner
The Great Fear of 1857 (2010)
16
11. The global age of revolutions, c.1760-1830
Key themes
•
•
•
•
Convergence, connection or divergence?
Radicalism, revolt and revolution
‘The first age of global imperialism’?
Imperial retreat or imperial meridian?
Recent questions
‘A new wave of empire took off for revolutions and uprisings did not succeed.’ Discuss. (2013)
Were the decades between 1760 and 1830 marked by a concerted drive towards empire? (2014)
How can we explain the remarkable resurgence of empire amid the revolutions of the period from 1780 to 1830? (2015)
Suggested reading
J. Adelman
‘An Age of Imperial Revolutions’, AHR 113 (2008)
*D. Armitage and S. Subrahmanyam, eds. The Age of Revolutions in Global Context c. 1760-1840 (2010)
D. Armitage
The Declaration of Independence: A Global History (2007)
Daniel Baugh
The Global Seven Years War, 1754-1763: Britain and France in a Great Power Contest (2011)
*C.A. Bayly
Imperial Meridian (1989)
--------Birth of the Modern World (2004), chs. 2-3
Kate Brittlebank
‘Curiosities, Conspicuous Piety and the Maker of Time’, in South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies
(2007)
Peter Carey
The Power of Prophecy: Prince Dipanagara and the End of an Old Order in Java, 1785-1830 (1989)
Adrian Carton
‘Shades of Fraternity: Creolization and the Making of Citizenship in French India, 1790-1792’,
French Historical Studies (2008)
Richard Drayton
‘The Globalisation of France: Provincial Cities and French Expansion c. 1500–1800’, History of
European Ideas, 34 (2008)
Laurent Dubois
‘The French Atlantic’, in Jack P. Greene and Philip D. Morgan, eds. Atlantic History: A Critical
Appraisal (2009)
Laurent Dubois
A Colony of Citizens: Revolution and Slave Emancipation in the French Caribbean, 1787-1804 (2004)
James Fichter
So Great a Profit: How the East India Trade Transformed Anglo-American Capitalism (2011)
D. Geggus and N. Fiering, eds. The World of the Haitian Revolution (2009)
N. Guyatt & J. Rendell, eds. War, Empire and Slavery 1770-1830 (2011)
David Hancock
Oceans of Wine: Madeira and the Emergence of American Trade and Taste (2009)
Lynn Hunt, ed.
The French Revolution in Global Context (2013)
‘Mutiny and Maritime Radicalism in the Age of Revolution’, special issue of International Review of Social History (2013), espec. 4,
6, 8, 9, 11
Maya Jasanoff
Liberty’s Exiles: The Loss of America and the Remaking of the British Empire (2011)
Peter Linebaugh and Markus Rediker The Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary
Atlantic (2000)
D.L. Mackay
‘Direction and Purpose in British Imperial policy 1783–1801’, HJ 17 (1974)
P. J. Marshall
The Making and Unmaking of Empires: Britain, India and America, 1750-83 (2005)
Gabriel Paquette, ed.
Enlightened Reform in Southern Europe and its Atlantic Colonies c. 1750-1830 (2009)
J.R. Ward
‘British Imperialism 1750–1850’, Ec.H.R (1994), 344–63
Pernille Roge
‘La Clef de Commerce: The Changing Role of Africa in France’s Atlantic Empire ca. 1760-1797’,
History of European Ideas, 34 (2008)
Sujit Sivasundaram
‘Ideas of the “Native” in the Rise of British Imperial Heritage’ in Peter Mandler and Astrid
Swenson, eds., From Plunder to Preservation: Britain and the Heritage of Empire (2012)
David Todd
‘A French Imperial Meridian, 1814–1870', Past & Present (2011)
17
12. Independence and the invention of Latin America
Key themes
•
•
•
•
Revolution and independence: long-term trends or short-term triggers?
Metropolitan and colonial causes of the revolutions
Informal imperialism and the ‘imperialism of free trade’
The Monroe doctrine and the growth of U.S. involvement
Recent questions
‘European revolutions rather than the need for national liberation dictated the political events of Latin American
independence.’ Discuss (2010)
What were the new types of imperialism that came to subordinate Latin America after 1850? (2012)
Why did Latin America become independent by 1820, and with what results? (2014)
Suggested reading
*J. Adelman
T. Anna
N. Appelbaum et al., eds.
A. J. Bauer
L. Bethell
J. Cañizares-Esguerra
‘An Age of Imperial Revolutions’, AHR 113 (2008)
Spain and the Loss of America (1983)
Race and Nation in Modern Latin America (2003)
Goods, Power, History: Latin America’s Material Culture (2001)
Brazil: Empire and Republic, 1822-1930 (1999), 3-42
How to Write the History of the New World: Histories, Epistemologies, and Identities in the Eighteenth-Century
Atlantic World (2001), chs. 1-2
J.C. Chasteen
Americanos: Latin America’s Struggle for Independence (2008)
A. Ferrer
‘Haiti, Free Soil, and Antislavery in the Revolutionary Atlantic’, AHR, 117, 1 (2012)
P. Gootenberg, ed.
Cocaine: Global Histories (1999)
G. Grandin
Empire’s Workshop: Latin America, the United States & the Rise of New Imperialism (2007)
R. Holden & E. Zolov, eds. Latin America and the United States: A Documentary History (2011)
A. Knight
Mexico: The Colonial Era (2006)
A. Knight
‘Rethinking British Informal Empire in Latin America’, in M. Brown, ed., Informal Empire in Latin
America: Culture, Commerce and Capital (2008)
C. LeGrand
‘Living in Macondo: Economy and Culture in a United Fruit Company Banana Enclave in
Colombia’, in G. Joseph, C. Legrand and R. Salvatore, eds., Close Encounters of Empire: Writing the
Cultural History of U.S.-Latin American Relations (1998), 333-367
N. Miller
In the Shadow of the State: Intellectuals and the Quest for National Identity in Twentieth-Century Spanish
America (1999), Part I, chapter 1; Part II, chapter 5
R. Miller
Britain and Latin America in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (1993)
G. Paquette
Enlightenment, Governance and Reform in Spain and its Empire, 1759-1808 (2008)
G. Paquette
Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions: the Luso-Brazilian World, c. 1770-1850 (2013)
*G. Paquette
‘The Dissolution of the Spanish Atlantic Monarchy’, Historical Journal 52,1 (2009)
Louis Pérez
Cuba: Between Reform and Revolution, 4th ed. (2010)
Joseph, G., C. Legrand and R. Salvatore, eds., Close Encounters of Empire: Writing the Cultural History of U.S.-Latin American
Relations (1998), 69-104
*T. Skidmore & P. H. Smith Modern Latin America, 7th edition (2010)
18
13. Settler colonialism
Key themes
•
•
•
•
•
Race and settler colonialism
Gender, family and social relations in settler societies
The economics of settler colonialism
Assimilation, resettlement and elimination
Law and sovereignty in settler societies
Recent questions
To what extent was coexistence between indigenous settlers and indigenous peoples possible in settler colonies? (2014)
What was the relationship between eighteenth-century stadial theory and settler colonialism? (2015)
‘Settler colonialism required either the assimilation or elimination of indigenous people’. Discuss.
What role did treaties play in British colonization of New Zealand and Australia, and how did this compare to the earlier
colonization of North America?
Suggested reading
Robert Aldrich
*Bain Attwood
Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion (1996)
‘Settler Histories and Indigenous Pasts: New Zealand and Australia’, in Axel Schneider and
Daniel Woolf, eds., The Oxford History of Historical Writing, vol. 5 (2011), 594–614
Bain Attwood
Possession: Batman’s Treaty and the Matter of History (2009)
*Tracey Banivanua Mar and Penelope Edmonds, eds. Making Settler Colonial Space (2010)
Alison Bashford and Stuart Macintyre The Cambridge History of Australia, vol. 1 (2013), intro, chs. 2, 5
*James Belich
Replenishing the Earth: The Settler Revolution and the Rise of the Angloworld, 1783-1939 (2009)
Saliha Belmessous
Assimilation and Empire: Uniformity in French and British Colonies, 1541-1954 (2013)
Donald Denoon
Settler Capitalism: The Dynamics of Dependent Development in the Southern Hemisphere (1983)
Saul Dubow
‘How British was the British World? The Case of South Africa’, JICH 37 (2009), 1–27
Julie Evans et al.
Equal Subjects, Unequal Rights: Indigenous People in British Settler Colonies, 1830–1910 (2003)
Lisa Ford
Settler Sovereignty: Jurisdiction and Indigenous People in America and Australia 1788–1836 (2010)
Victoria Freeman
‘Attitudes toward “Miscegenation” in Canada, the United States, New Zealand and Australia,
1860-1914’, Native Studies Review 16, 1 (2005), 41-69
Richard Gott
‘Latin America as a White Settler Society’, Bulletin of Latin American Research, 26, 2 (2007), 269-289
Cole Harris
‘The Spaces of Early Canada’, Canadian Historical Review, 91, 4 (2010), 725-59
Margaret D. Jacobs
White Mother to a Dark Race: Settler Colonialism, Maternalism, and the Removal of Indigenous Children in the
American West and Australia, 1880-1940 (2009)
Ben Kiernan
Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur (2007)
Dirk Moses, ed.
Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History (2008), chs. 1,
11, 12
Klaus Neumann et al., eds. Quicksands: Foundational Histories in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand (1999)
Adele Perry
On the Edge of Empire: Gender, Race, and the Making of British Columbia, 1849-1871 (2001)
David Prochaska
Making Algeria French: Colonialism in Bone, 1870-1920 (1990)
Jennifer Sessions
By Sword and Plow: France and the Conquest of Algeria (2011)
*Lorenzo Veracini
Settler Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview (2010)
Lorenzo Veracini
‘Settler Colonialism: Career of a Concept’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 41, 2 (2013),
313-333
Patrick Wolfe
‘Settler Colonialism and the Elimination of the Native’, Journal of Genocide Research, 8, 4 (2006),
387-409
19
14. Imperial transitions, c.1815-1914
Key themes
•
•
•
•
The British hegemon?
The ‘imperialism of free trade’ and the ‘new imperialism’
Imperial political economies: commodities, trade, finance and debt
Imperial state-building: race, law, sovereignty and force
Recent questions
‘Capitalists were the main drivers of the partitioning of the world and its resources by force in the period between 1870 and
1914.’ Discuss. (2011)
‘The appropriation of indigenous capital rather than European “gentlemanly capitalism” drove free trade imperialism.’
Discuss. (2012)
Was the new imperialism of the late nineteenth century a distinct phase in the history of capitalism? (2014)
Readings
Sunil Amrith
Crossing the Bay of Bengal (2014)
R. Aldrich
Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion (1996)
Sugata Bose
A Hundred Horizons: the Indian Ocean in the Age of Global Empire (2006)
Jan Breman
Taming the Coolie Beast: Plantation Society and the Colonial Order in Southeast Asia (1989)
P.J. Cain & A.G. Hopkins British Imperialism, 1688-2000 (2001)
*J. Gallagher & R. Robinson ‘Imperialism of Free Trade’, Economic History Review 6, 1 (1953)
Julian Go
Patterns of Empire: The British and American Empires, 1688 to the Present (2011), ch. 5
C. Hall
Civilising Subjects: Metropole and Colony in the English Imagination (2002)
T.N. Harper
‘Empire, Diaspora and the Languages of Globalism, 1850-1914’ in A.G. Hopkins, ed. Globalization
in World History (2000)
J. H. Houben
‘Colonial History Revisited', Itinerario, 17, 1 (1993)
G. Ingham
‘British Capitalism, Empire, etc.’, Social History 20 (1995), 339–48
Turan Kayaoğlu
Legal Imperialism: Sovereignty and Extraterritoriality in Japan, the Ottoman Empire, and China (2010)
T. Keegan
Colonial South Africa and the Origins of the Racial Order (1996), esp. chapters 3–5
Robert V. Kubicek
‘British Expansion, Empire, and Technological Change’ in OHBE IV (1999)
J.H. Laffey
‘Municipal Imperialism in Nineteenth-century France’, Historical Reflections 1 (1974)
R. Law, ed.
From the Slave Trade to Legitimate Commerce in 19th-century West Africa (1995)
J.T. Linblad
‘Economic Aspects of Dutch Expansion in Indonesia, 1870–1914’, MAS 23 (1989)
Elsbeth Locher-Scholten ‘Dutch Expansion in the Indonesian Archipelago Around 1900 and the Imperialism Debate’,
JSEAS 25, 1 (1994)
M. Lynn
‘The “Imperialism of Free Trade” and the Case of West Africa c.1830–c.1870’, JICH 15, 1 (1986)
G.B. Magee & A.S. Thompson Empire and Globalisation: Networks of People, Goods and Capital in the British World, c.1850-1914
(2010)
*K. Mantena
Alibis of Empire: Henry Maine and the Ends of Liberal Imperialism (2010)
R. Ray
‘Asian Capital in the Age of European Expansion’, MAS (1995)
Jennifer Pitts
A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Liberal Imperialism in Britain and France (2005)
Robert A. Stafford
‘Scientific Exploration and Empire’, in OHBE IV (1999)
Jennifer Sessions
By Sword and Plow: France and the Conquest of Algeria (2011)
E.T. Stokes
‘Late Nineteenth-Century Expansion: Mistaken Identity?’, HJ 12, 2 (1969)
Eric Tagliacozzo
Secret Trades, Porous Borders: Smuggling and States along a Southeast Asian frontier, 1865-1915 (2007)
*David Todd
‘A French Imperial Meridian, 1814–1870’, P&P (2011)
Hans van de Ven
Breaking with the Past: The Maritime Customs Service and the Global Origins of Modernity in China (2014)
H.L. Wesseling
‘The Giant That Was a Dwarf, or the Strange History of Dutch Imperialism’, JICH 16 (1988)
20
15. The Russian empire
‘Imperial Russia’s expansion mirrored its domestic society: it was driven by military insecurities rather than by commercial
ambitions.’ Discuss.
Key themes
•
•
•
Territorial empire
The drivers of Russian expansion: trade, military ambition, and geopolitics
Race, religion, and Russian imperialism
Recent questions
Was military power the driver of Russian expansion? (2010)
‘Russian imperialism was an attempt to keep up with European rivals.’ Discuss. (2011)
What did the Russian state gain from expansion in Asia from 1550 to 1800? (2013)
How far should we regard an overwhelming sense of inferiority as the principal driver of Russian expansion? (2015)
Suggested reading
Sources:
S. Witte
‘An Economic Policy for the Empire’ in T. Riha, ed., Readings in Russian Civilisation, vol. 2, (1964)
M. Bassin
‘Russia between Europe and Asia: The Ideological Construction of Geographical Space’, Slavic
Review, 50, 1 (1991)
H. Carrere D’Encausse
Islam and the Russian Empire: Reform and Revolution in Central Asia
R. Cohen
Russian Imperialism. Development and Crisis (1996)
R. Crews
For Prophet and Tsar (2006)
M. Gamsa
‘California on the Amur, or the “Zheltuga Republic” in Manchuria (1883-86)’, Slavonic and East
European Review 81, 2 (2003)
*D. Geyer
Russian Imperialism 1860-1914
G. Hosking
Russia: People and Empire (1997)
A. Jersild
Orientalism and Empire (2002)
A. Kappeler
The Russian Empire: A Multi-Ethnic History (2001)
R. Kowner, ed.
Rethinking the Russo-Japanese War, 1904-05 (2007), chs. 1, 4-6
J. LeDonne
The Russian Empire and the World: 1700-1917. The Geo-Politics of Expansion and Containment (1997)
*D. Lieven
Empire: The Russian Empire and its Rivals (2000), chs. 6, 7, 8
D.Lieven
Russia and the Origins of the First World War (1983)
I. Neumann
Russia and the Idea of Europe: A Study in Identity and International Relations (1996), ch. 3
N. Rzhevsky, ed. Modern Russian Culture (2001), chs 4, 5
M. Rywkin, ed.
Russian Colonial Expansion (1988)
W. Sunderland
Taming the Wild Field: Colonization and Empire on the Russian Steppe (2004)
E.C. Thaden
Russification in the Baltic Provinces and Finland (1981)
A. Walicki
History of Russian Thought (1980), chs. 10, 14
David Wolff
To the Harbin Station: The Liberal Alternative in Russian Manchuria, 1898-1914 (1999)
21
16. The late Qing Empire
Key themes
•
•
•
•
•
‘Decline’ or crisis?
The drivers of late Qing reform: endogenous change or exogenous influence
Civil war, revolt and the late Qing state
Foreign encroachment and intervention
From empire to republic?
Recent questions
What were the consequences for China’s elites after 1860 of the mid-nineteenth rebellions and Western aggression? (2010)
‘Dissolution must follow as surely as that of any mummy carefully preserved in a hermetically sealed coffin, whenever it is
brought into contact with the open air.’ [MARX] Discuss. (2011)
‘The internal problems of the nineteenth-century Qing empire outweighed the significance of external pressures.’ Discuss
(2014)
‘An independent state in name only.’ Discuss this view of nineteenth-century Qing China. (2015)
To what extent did late Qing elites seek to reform and modernise China along Western lines?
Suggested reading
R. Bin Wong
Robert Bickers
Paul Cohen
*Pamela Crossley
Henrietta Harrison
Henrietta Harrison
James Hevia
Ono Kazuko
Philip Kuhn
Julia Lovell
Tobie Meyer-Fong
Elizabeth Perry
K. Pomeranz
Mary Rankin
E. Rawski
*William Rowe
R. Keith Schoppa
J. Spence
Hans van de Ven
Hao Yen-p’ing
Peter Zarrow
Peter Zarrow
China Transformed (1997), esp. 1–157
Scramble for China: Foreign Devils in the Qing empire, 1832-1914 (2010)
History in Three Keys: The Boxers as Myth, History and Event (1997)
The Wobbling Pivot. China Since 1800: An Interpretative History (2010)
The Man Awakened from Dreams (2005)
China: Inventing the Nation (2001)
English Lessons: the Pedagogy of Imperialism in Nineteenth-century China (2003)
Chinese Women in a Century of Revolution, chs. 1-4
The Origins of the Modern Chinese State (2006)
The Opium War: Drugs, Dreams and the Making of China (2011)
What Remains: Coming to Terms with Civil War in Nineteenth-Century China (2013)
Rebels and Revolutionaries in North China, 1845-1945 (1980)
The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy (2000)
Elite Activism and Political Transformation in China: Zhejiang Province, 1865-1911 (1987)
The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions (2001)
China’s Last Empire: The Great Qing (2009)
Revolution and its Past: Identities and Change in Modern Chinese History (2006)
God’s Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan (1996)
‘Recent Studies of Modern Chinese History’ MAS 30, 2 (1996), esp. 225–45
The Commercial Revolution in Late Imperial China (1986)
After Empire: the Conceptual Transformation of the Chinese State, 1885-1924 (2012)
‘The Reform Movement, the Monarchy, and Political Modernity’, in
Rebecca E. Karl and Peter Zarrow, eds., Rethinking the Reform Movement of 1898: Political and Cultural
Change in Modern China (2002)
22
17. Japan in the nineteenth-century world
Key themes
•
•
•
•
Continuity and change in Japanese imperialism
The Meiji ‘revolution’: revolution or restoration?
‘Modernisation’ and reform: endogenous drivers or emulation?
Japan and European imperialism
Recent questions
Which of these terms best describes Japan in the period 1860-1914: nation or empire? (2011)
How far was the Meiji restoration an adaptation of Western ideas and institutions? (2012)
‘The Meiji restoration was an essentially conservative act.’ Discuss (2013)
Why did Meiji Japan succeed in the task of reform, where others seemingly failed? (2015)
Suggested reading
Michael R. Auslin
H. Bull & A. Watson, eds.
P. Francks
Carol Gluck
*Andrew Gordon
H. Harootunian
J. Hirschmeier
James Huffman
E. Ikegami
M.B. Jansen, ed.
Donald Keene
Sho Konishi
B.K. Marshall
F.V. Moulder
T. Nakamura
J. Nakamura
Mara Patessio
Naoko Shimazu
Naoko Shimazu, ed.
D.H. Shively, ed.
Alistair D. Swale
*C. Totman
Jun Uchida
B.T. Wakabayashi, ed.
Anne Walthall
E.D. Westney
W. Wray
Negotiating with Imperialism: Unequal Treaties and the Culture of Japanese Diplomacy (2006)
Expansion of International Society (1984), chapter by Suganami
The Japanese Consumer: An Alternative Economic History of Modern Japan (2009), chs. 1-3
Japan’s Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji period (1985)
A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present, 2nd ed. (2008)
Towards Restoration: Growth of Political Consciousness in Tokugawa Japan, chapters 3–4
The Origins of Entrepreneurship in Meiji Japan (1964)
Creating a Public: People and Press in Meiji Japan (2005)
The Taming of the Samurai: Honorific Individualism and the Making of Modern Japan (1995)
Cambridge History of Japan, V (1989)
Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852-1912 (2005)
‘Reopening the "Opening of Japan": A Russian-Japanese Revolutionary Encounter and the Vision
of Anarchist Progress’, AHR 112, 1 (2007)
Capitalism and Nationalism in Prewar Japan (1967), chapters 2–3
Japan, China and the Modern World Economy (1977), chapters 3, 5–7
Economic Growth in Prewar Japan (1983), Part 1
Agricultural Production and Economic Development of Japan (1966)
Women and Public Life in Early Meiji Japan: Development of the Feminist Movement (2011)
Japanese Society at War: Death, Memory and the Russo-Japanese War (2009)
Nationalisms in Japan (2006)
Tradition and Modernization in Japanese Culture (1971), chapters 3–4
The Meiji Restoration: Monarchism, Mass Communication and Conservative Revolution (2009)
A History of Japan (2000)
Brokers of Empire: Japanese Settler Colonialism in Korea, 1876–1945 (2011)
Modern Japanese Thought (1998)
The Weak Body of a Useless Woman: Matsuo Taseko and the Meiji Restoration (1998)
Imitation and Innovation: The Transfer of Western Organizational Patterns to Meiji Japan (1987)
Mitsubishi and the N.Y.K. 1870–1914 (1984)
23
18. The Ottoman world
Key themes
For the earlier period
•
•
•
The Ottoman world and early modern Eurasia: parallels and divergences
‘Decline’, decentralisation or localisation?
Seventeenth-century ‘crisis’ and adaptation: the birth of a ‘second Ottoman empire’?
For the nineteenth century
•
•
•
Ottoman reform: endogenous drivers or exogenous influence?
The Ottoman empire and Europe: international relations, law, and sovereignty
Imperial identities
Recent questions
By what means, and how successfully, did the Ottoman state attempt to assert central authority after 1800? (2010)
‘The Ottoman empire was a marvel of decentralisation and flexible control over complexity.’ Discuss with reference to any
period of one hundred years or more. (2011)
‘The sick man of Europe.’ To what extent, if any, is this an accurate assessment of the Ottoman empire between 1800 and
1914? (2012)
‘Neither decentralisation nor decline are helpful terms to describe the history of the Ottoman empire between c.1600 and
1800.’ Discuss. (2014)
To what extent did Islam underpin the Ottoman state’s attempts at reform in the nineteenth century? (2015)
Did the political, social, and economic crises of the seventeenth century result in the birth of a ‘second Ottoman empire’?
(2015)
Suggested reading
(a) The Ottoman empire, c.1500-1800:
V. Aksan
Ottoman Wars 1700-1870
V. Aksan and D. Goffman, eds. The Early Modern Ottomans: Remapping the Empire (2007)
A.D. Alderson
The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty
K. Barkey
Empire of difference. The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective (2008)
G. Casale
The Ottoman Age of Exploration (2010)
*S. Faroqhi
The Ottoman Empire and the World Around it (2005)
S. Faroqhi et al.
Journal of Peasant Studies (April–July 1991)
C.H. Fleisher
Bureaucrat and Intellectual in the Ottoman Empire
D. Goffman
The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe (2002)
J. Hathaway
The Politics of Households in Ottoman Egypt (1997)
J. Hathaway
The Arab Lands under Ottoman rule, 1516-1800 (2004)
H. Inalcik & D. Quataert, eds. Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire (1995)
C. Kafadar
Between Two Worlds (1995)
T. Philipp
Acre, the Rise and Fall of a Palestinian City (2001)
D. Rizk Khoury
State and Provincial society in the Ottoman Empire (1997)
*A. Salzmann
Tocqueville in the Ottoman Empire: Rival Paths to the Modern State (2004)
P. Sugar
Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule
B. Tezcan
The Second Ottoman Empire: Political and Social Transformation in the Early Modern World (2010)
(b) The late Ottoman empire:
Sources:
Khayr al-Din al-Tunisi
Daniel Newman, ed.
The Surest Path: The Political Treatise of a Nineteenth-Century Muslim Statesman (1967)
An Imam in Paris (2004)
24
Mustafa Aksakal
The Ottoman Road to War in 1914: The Ottoman Empire and the First World War (2008)
*Frederick Anscombe
'Islam and the Age of Ottoman Reform’ P&P (2010)
Isa Blumi
Foundations of Modernity: Human Agency and the Imperial State (2011)
Carl L. Brown
The Tunisia of Ahmad Bey, 1837-1855 (1974)
Michelle Campos
Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine (2011)
Zeynep Celik
Empire, Architecture, and the City: French-Ottoman Encounters (2008)
M.W. Daly, ed.
Cambridge History of Egypt, vol. 2, chapters 3, 5–7,9, 11
Roderic Davison
Reform in the Ottoman Empire (1963)
Selim Deringil
The Well-Protected Domains (1998)
*Khaled Fahmy
All the Pasha’s Men (1997)
Şükrü Hanioğlu
A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire (2008)
Şükrü Hanioğlu
Atatürk: An Intellectual Biography (2011)
Albert Hourani
Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age (1962)
Hasan Kayalı
Arabs and Young Turks (1997)
*Ussama Makdisi
‘Ottoman Orientalism’, AHR (2002)
Roger Owen
The Middle East in the World Economy 1800–1914 (1981)
S. Pamuk
The Ottoman Empire and European Capitalism 1820–1913
Milen Petrov
‘Everyday Forms of Compliance: Subaltern Commentaries on Ottoman Reform’, CSSH (2004)
T. Philipp and J. Hanssen, eds. The Empire in the City: Arab Provincial Capitals in the Late Ottoman Empire (2002)
Elizabeth Thompson
'Ottoman Political Reform in the Provinces', IJMES (1993)
25
19. The Islamicate world
Key themes
•
•
•
•
•
Reform and resurgence in Islamic thought and practice
Orthodoxy and heterodoxy in Islam
Knowledge, information and connection across the Islamic world
The creation of a ‘Muslim world’
Islam and imperialism: resistance, accommodation or co-dependency?
Recent questions
‘Local factors rather than pan-Islamism determined the nature of Muslim societies’ reactions to Western imperialism between
1800 and 1914.’ Discuss (2010)
In what ways did Europeans obtain information about the Islamic world and why was this so flawed? (2011)
How and to what effect did the political ideology and practice of Islam change after 1750? (2012)
How important were networks of Islamic connection in sustaining a response to European imperialism? (2013)
‘The Islam of the cities was founded on accommodation, while that of the countryside remained restive and rebellious.’
Discuss (2015)
Suggested reading
Source:
*N. Keddie, ed.
An Islamic Response to Imperialism: Political and Religious Writings of Sayyid Jamāl Ad-Dīn "al-Afghānī"
(1968)
Cemil Aydin
The Politics of Anti-Westernism in Asia: Visions of World Order in Pan-Islamic and Pan-Asian Thought
(2007)
C.A. Bayly
‘Two Colonial Revolts: Java War and Indian Mutiny’, in C.A. Bayly and D.H.A. Kolff, eds., Two
Colonial Empires
Amira K. Bennison
‘The New Order and Islamic Order’, International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies (2004)
J. Clancy-Smith
Rebel and Saint: Protest in Colonial Algeria and Tunisia 1800–1904 (1994)
Nile Green
Bombay Islam: The Religious Economy of the West Indian Ocean, 1840-1915 (2011)
Samira Haj
Reconfiguring Islamic Tradition: Reform, Rationality, and Modernity (2008)
C. Harrison
France and Islam in West Africa 1860–1960 (1988)
Albert Hourani
Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939 (1962)
P. Hardy
The Muslims of British India (1972)
M. Hasan
A Moral Reckoning: Muslim Intellectuals in Nineteenth-Century Delhi (2007)
*R. Heffner, ed.
New Cambridge History of Islam, vol. 6 (2011), chapters by Feener and Dallal
Engseng Ho
‘Empire Through Diasporic Eyes: A View from the Other Boat’, CSSH 46, 2 (2004)
Justin Jones
Shi'a Islam in Colonial India: Religion, Community and Sectarianism (2011)
Nehemiah Levtzion and John Voll, eds. Eighteenth-Century Renewal and Reform in Islam (1987)
Barbara Metcalf
Islamic Revival in British India (1982)
Azmi Özcan
Pan-Islamism: Indian Muslims, the Ottomans and Britain (1877-1924) (1997)
Anthony Reid
‘Nineteenth Century Pan-Islam in Indonesia and Malaysia’, JAS 26, 2 (1967)
M.C. Ricklefs
Polarising Javanese Society: Islamic and Other Visions (c. 1830-1930) (2007)
David Robinson
Paths of Accommodation: Muslim Societies and French Colonial Authorities in Senegal and Mauritania, 18801920 (2000)
W.R. Roff, ed.
Islam and the Political Economy of Meaning, chapters by Roff and Dobbin
James Searing
‘God Alone Is King’: Islam and Emancipation in Senegal (2002)
Eric Tagliacozzo
The Longest Journey: Southeast Asian Muslims and the Pilgrimage to Mecca (2013)
G.B. Trumbull
An Empire of Facts: Colonial Power, Cultural Knowledge, and Islam in Algeria 1870-1914 (2009)
26
20. Africa under colonial rule
Key themes
•
•
•
•
•
From legitimate trade to colonial rule?
The drivers of partition: metropolitan forces or men on the spot?
Imperial discourses and African society: race, civilisation and progress
African responses to imperial intrusion
African society and the early colonial state
Recent questions
‘You cannot destroy the practice of barbarism, of slavery, of superstition, which for centuries have desolated the interior of
Africa, without the use of force.’ [JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN] Discuss. (2010)
‘Colonial rule depended critically on African participation.’ Discuss. (2012)
‘On one side were deemed to be the powers of reason, international law and Christianity, and on the other the forces of
superstition, despotism and slavery.’ Discuss this assessment of the partition of Africa. (2013)
How important were local intermediaries on the one hand and capital disinterest on the other in shaping the outcomes of
colonialism in Africa? (2013)
What best explains the partition of Africa in the late nineteenth century: metropolitan considerations or circumstances on the
ground? (2015)
Suggested reading
(a) The ‘Scramble’:
M.E. Chamberlain
The Scramble for Africa (1999)
S. Conrad
German Colonialism: A Short History (2012)
S. Forster et al. eds.
Bismarck, Europe and Africa: The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
J. Gallagher & R. Robinson Africa and the Victorians, 2nd ed.
L.H. Gann and P. Duignan, eds., Colonialism in Africa: The History and Politics of Colonialism, vol. 1 (1969)
A.G. Hopkins
Economic History of West Africa (1973), chapter 4
A.G. Hopkins
‘The Victorians and Africa: Egypt’, JAH 27 (1986)
R. Law, ed.
From Slave Trade to 'Legitimate' Commerce (1995), intro., chs. 3, 4, 6, 8, 10
C. Newbury & A. Kanya-Forstner ‘French Policy’, JAH 10 (1969), 253–76
O. Pétré-Grenouilleau, ed. From Slave Trade to Empire: Europe and the Colonisation of Africa (2004)
A.N. Porter, ed.
OHBE III (1999), chapters 2, 3, 11, 16, 26–28
R. Price
Making Empire: Colonial Encounters and the Creation of Imperial Rule in Nineteenth-Century Africa (2008)
*R. Reid
A History of Modern Africa (2012), 113-81
*G.N. Sanderson & R. Oliver, eds. Cambridge History of Africa, vol. 6 (1985), chapters 2, 12
A. Schölch
‘Men on the Spot’, Historical J 19, 3 (1976), 773–85
G. Steinmetz
The Devils’ Handwriting: Precoloniality and the German State in Qingdao, Samoa and Southwest Africa (1997)
H.L. Wesseling
Divide & Rule: The Partition of Africa 1880–1914 (1996), conclusion
(b) Early colonial Africa:
E. Allina-Pisano
‘Resistance and the Social History of Africa’, Journal of Social History (2003)
J. Allman & V. Tashjian
I Will Not Eat Stone: A Women's History of Asante (2000)
K. Atkins
The Moon is Dead! Give Us our Money! The Cultural Origins of an African Work Ethic, Natal, South Africa,
1843-1900 (1993)
Alice Conklin
A Mission to Civilize: Republican Idea of Empire in France & West Africa, 1895-1930 (2000)
D.N. Beach
‘Chimurenga: The Shona Rising of 1896-97’, Journal of African History (1979)
F. Becker
‘“Traders”, “Big Men”, and Prophets: Political Continuity and Crisis in the Maji Maji Rebellion’,
JAH (2004)
M. Crowder
West Africa under Colonial Rule (1968)
D. Crummey, ed.
Banditry, Rebellion and Social Protest in Africa (1986)
J-G. Deutsch
Emancipation without Abolition in German East Africa, 1884-1914 (2006)
S. Feierman
Peasant Intellectuals (1990), chs. 1-5
27
K. Fields
Revival and Rebellion in Colonial Central Africa (1985)
J.B. Gewald
Herero Heroes: A Socio-Political History of the Herero of Namibia (1999)
J. Giblin and J. Monson
Maji Maji: Lifting the Fog of War (2010)
J. Glassman
Feasts and Riot: Revelry, Rebellion and Popular Consciousness on the Swahili Coast, 1856-88 (1995)
P. Harries
Work, Culture and Identity (1994)
A.G. Hopkins
An Economic History of West Africa (1973), chapters 5 and 6
*John Iliffe
Africans (1995), chapter 9
J. Lonsdale & B. Berman Unhappy Valley, Book 1
T. McCaskie
Asante Identities: History and Modernity in an African Village, chs. 1-4
S. Miers & R. Roberts, eds. The End of Slavery in Africa (1988), chapters 1 and 17
Jane Parpart
The Practical Imperialist: Letters from a Danish Planter (Leiden, 2006)
J. Peries
The Dead Will Arise (1989)
P. Phoofolo
‘Rinderpest in Late Nineteenth-Century Africa’, P&P 138 (1993)
A. Porter
OHBE III (1999), chapter by T.C. McCaskie
*Richard Reid
A History of Modern Africa, Chapters 7-12
T. Sunseri
Vilimani: Labour Migration and Rural Change in Early Colonial Tanzania (2002)
I. Wilks
Asante in the Nineteenth Century (1989), ch. 12
28
21. Global intellectual histories of the nineteenth century
Key themes
•
•
•
•
The origins of nationalism: local patriotism or middle-class interest?
Nationalism as a derivative discourse?
Connection and disconnection in the extra-European world: global intellectual history or regional histories?
Liberalism, radicalism and syndicalism in the non-European world
Recent questions
Was anti-colonial nationalism mainly a reaction to Western imperialism? (2010)
What common features, if any, characterised the emergence of nationalism across Asia and Africa before 1914? (2012)
How critical was the mobility of people and ideas in the rise of nationalism across Asia and Africa before 1914? (2013)
‘Nationalism was nothing more than a bourgeois pastime.’ Discuss with reference to any one or more region(s) of the extraEuropean world. (2014)
Suggested reading
Sources:
M.K. Gandhi
Phan Boi Chau
Hind Swaraj [1910] and other writings (1997)
Overturned Chariot: The Autobiography of Phan-Boi-Chau [c. 1927] (Honolulu, 1999)
Benedict Anderson
Benedict Anderson
Cemil Aydin
Under Three Flags: Anarchism and the Anti-Colonial Imagination (2006)
Imagined Communities: reflections on the origins and spread of nationalism, 3rd ed. (2006)
The Politics of Anti-Westernism in Asia: Visions of World Order in Pan-Islamic and Pan-Asian Thought
(2007)
*C.A. Bayly
The Birth of the Modern World (2004)
C.A. Bayly
The Local Roots of Indian Politics: Origins of Nationality in South Asia (1998)
C. A. Bayly
Recovering Liberties: Indian Thought in the Age of Liberalism and Empire (2011)
S. Bose & K. Manjapra, eds. Cosmopolitan Thought Zones: South Asia and the Global Circulation of Ideas (2010)
Mark Philip Bradley
‘Becoming Van Minh: Civilizational Discourse and Visions of the Self in Twentieth-Century
Vietnam’, Journal of World History, 15 1 (2004)
D. Chakrabarty
Habitations of modernity (2002), ch. 1
Partha Chatterjee
Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World (1993)
Juan R.I. Cole
Colonialism & Revolution in the Middle East: Origins of the Arabi Movement (1993)
Prasenjit Duara
‘Transnationalism and the Predicament of Sovereignty: China 1900-1945’, AHR 102 (1997)
Ziad Fahmy
Ordinary Egyptians: Creating the Modern Nation through Popular Culture (2011)
Leela Gandhi
Affective Communities: Anticolonial Thought, Fin-de-Siècle Radicalism and the Politics of Friendship (2006)
Manu Goswami
Producing India: From Colonial Community to National Space (2004)
Ranajit Guha
Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency (1983)
*Isabel Hofmeyr
Gandhi’s Printing Press: Experiments in Slow Reading (2013)
*Shruti Kapila, ed.
Modern Intellectual History 4, 1 (2007), essays by Sartori, Bose, Kapila
Rebecca E. Karl
Staging the World: Chinese nationalism at the Turn of the Twentieth Century (2002)
Rashid Khalidi, et al, eds., The Origins of Arab Nationalism (1991)
Ilham Khuri-Makdisi
The Eastern Mediterranean and the Making of Global Radicalism, 1860-1914 (2010)
Sho Konichi
Anarchist Modernity: Cooperatism and Japanese-Russian Intellectual Relations in Modern Japan (2013)
Charles Kurzman
Democracy Denied, 1905-1915: Intellectuals and the Fate of Democracy (2008)
Michael Laffan
Islamic Nationhood and Colonial Indonesia: The Umma Below the Winds (2002)
David Marr
Vietnamese Anti-Colonialism, 1885-1925 (1971)
Anthony Milner
The Invention of Politics in Colonial Malaya: Contesting Nationalism and the Expansion of the Public Sphere
(1994)
A. Sartori
Bengal in Global Concept History (2008)
Hue-Tam Ho Tai
Radicals and the Origins of the Vietnamese Revolution (1992)
Jonathan Unger, ed.
Chinese Nationalism (1996)
29