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Name __________________________________________ Study Guide - Chapter 7 Weather and Climate Lessons 1 and 2 Lesson 1 – Air and Weather Our weather takes place in the Atmosphere There are four main layers of the Atmosphere: Troposphere – Where all of Earth’s life exists and all of our weather occurs Stratosphere – Ozone and Aircraft Flight occur here Mesosphere – Millions of meteors enter this layer of the atmosphere Thermosphere – Important functions are temperature regulation and filtering powerful X-rays and ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun Properties of Weather Air Temperature - The sun’s energy heats Earth’s surface, which heats the air above the ground Humidity – The measure of how much water vapor is in the air (water evaporates from a liquid to a gas) Air Pressure – Cool air is heavier because air particles are close together with little movement Warm air is lighter because air particles are farther apart due to a lot of particle movement Precipitation – Any form of water that falls from the sky (rain, snow, sleet, hail) Weather Station ~ Tools Match the picture of the weather tool to its definition. Thermometer – Measures temperature in Celsius (C ) or Fahrenheit (F ) Hygrometer – Measures the amount of humidity in the air Barometer – Measures air pressure Rain Gauge – Measures the amount of rain fall Wind Vane – Points the direction the wind is blowing (N, S, E, W) Anemometer – Measures wind speed (mph) A B C D F E States of Water Solid ~ Frozen/ Ice, particles (molecules) are close together with very little movement Liquid ~ water, particles (molecules) are slightly apart with some movement Gas ~ water vapor, particles (molecules) have a a lot of space with much movement in all directions Water Cycle Water moves from Earth’s surface into the atmosphere. Then it moves back to the surface. As it moves, it changes states. Stages of the Water Cycle: Evaporation Water Vapor Condensation Sun’s Energy heats water causing evaporation Water rises in the form of a gas Water vapor hits cool air and turns back into liquid in the form of a cloud Precipitation Liquid droplets in clouds become large and heavy, they drop as precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, hail) Clouds Cumulus clouds are puffy white clouds that resemble cotton balls. Cumulonimbus clouds are cumulus clouds that become dark and form precipitation. Stratus clouds are blanket like and closest to the ground. Stratus clouds also form precipitation. Fog is really a stratus cloud near Earth’s Surface. Cirrus clouds look thin and wispy. They Are found very high in the sky and are made Of tiny bits of ice.