Download Nerves

introdution
1. Bone structures: substance, marrow, periosteum
formation
Ossification of endochondral process =Cartilage model---epiphyseal
plate
2. Synovial joints:
Essential structures: articular surface, capsule, and cavity)
accessory structures: labrum, articular disc, ligaments
Classification: hinge, pivot, saddle, ball-socket, ellipsoidal, plane
Spinal nerve
Functional components
Basic Terminology in Nervous System
Main differences between somatic motor and visceral motor n
Autonomic nerves
Sympathetic n.
Lower center of sympathetic n.
Peripheral part -pre / postsynaptic fiber
white and gray conmmunicating rami
three fates of pre/ post ganglionic fibers
paravertebral ganglia- sympathetic trunk-chain
prevertebral gangliaParasympathetic n.:
Lower center: parasympathetic n. in cranial portion at brain stem
Parasympathetic ganglia
Head
Cerebral and facial cranial bones
paired and unpaired
Nasal sinuses and their commmunicating
Oral cavity: proper and vestibular parts
Tongue, shape ,
Structures of tongue,
Lingual mucous papillae(taste buds) , muscle
Isthmus fauces
Palate : soft and hard
Deciduous and permanent teeth
Major salivary glands(parotid glands and so on) and their
opennings
Parts of pharynx with their structures
Neck
1. Introduction of neck
Subdivisions of cervical triangles
Cervical deep fascia －three layers
Sternocleidomastoid m.(SCM), the other ms. of neck
Bones in neck
Arteries and veins : carotid artery and jugular vein
Branches of external carotid artery(ECA)
Main tributaries of internal jugular vein
Nerves in the neck
1. cervical plexus,
The formation of cervical plexus : Ventral rami of C1-C4
• Branches, cutaneous branches(lesser occipital, great auricular;
transverse cervical, supraclavicular )
•
phrenic nerve.
2. brachial plexus
3. vagus n,
The course and branches and its innervation
4. cervical sympathetic n.
2. Anterior part of neck
(1) Contents and relationships in carotid triangle
Common carotid artery and external/internal carotid artery,
the branches of external carotid artery:
Bifurcation, two receptors.
Internal jugular veins
(2) Contents in muscular triangle
Thyroid gland, shape : lateral lobes and isthmus
-true and false coverings
Blood Supply
(3) Larynx
location
Laryngeal cartilages: thyroid cartilage, arytenoid/ cricoid cartilage, epiglottis ,
Conus elasticus,
Laryngeal cavity: vocal folds, vestibular folds
Rima glottidis
Vestibule, ventricle and infraglottic cavity
innervation of larynx
(4) trachea
Pharynx
• Location
• Subdivisions and structures:
• Nasopharynx(pharyngeal tonsils)
oropharynx(palatine tonsils);
laryngopharynx(piriform recesses)
•
Esophagus
3. Sternocleidomastoid region , Posterior Triangle and Root of the neck
Contents margined or covered by SCM
3 segments of subclavian artery
Venous angle
Scalenus fissure with its contents
Triangle of vertebral A
Relationships related with M. scalenus anterior.
Thorax
1 . Thoracic cage
Composition of thoracic cage
Features of Rib and Sternum
Chest wall, superior thoracic aperture
2. Muscles:
Pectoral major/minor, anterior serratus
External/internal/innermost intercostals ,
diaphragm: hiatus
3.Intercostal nerve and artery
11 pair Intercostal nerve: anterior rami of T1-T11, subcostal nerve
Posterior intercostal artery
4 .Internal thoracic artery
2. Lung
General features of lung, cardiac notch, apex, three
surfaces. Borders horizontal/oblique fissure. Lobes
Pulmonary root = Root of lung : contents and
arrangement
The difference between left and right main Bronchi
Bronchopulmonary segments
3. Pleura
parietal pleura and visceral pleura
pleural recesses
Costodiaphragmatic recesses
3. Heart
(1) External appearance
Apex, base, surfaces, grooves
(2) Chambers of the heart
Right atrium/left atrium
Fossa ovalis, pectinate muscles, openings
Right ventricle/left ventricle
papillary muscles, tendinous cords , trabeculae carneae
Septomarginal trabecula
Tricuspid / mitral complex
Tricuspid/mitral valve; pulmonary/aortic valve,
conus arteriosus /aortic vestibule (outflow part)
Structure of the heart: endocardium, muscle,
epicardium
(3) Conduction system of heart: SA, AV node,
bundle
(4) Right and left coronary artery:
Main branches and supplying
(5)Coronary sinus
(6)Pericardium and Pericardium sinus
Mediastinum
Superior mediastinum
Contents in superior mediastinum: layers and
relationships
Relations of aortic arch
Triangule of ductus arteriosus = triangle of
arterial duct
3. Posterior mediastinum
Three constrictions Esophagus
Relations of esophagus
Thoracic aorta & its branches
Azygos system
lymphatic duct
Nerves in thorax: phrenic,
vagus nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve
Sym. Chain
Structures passing at sternal angle
Structures at right and left aspects of mediastinum
Upper and lower esophageal triangles