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Name: Science 9 Unit 2 – Vocabulary Review Date: GCCHS Provide a correct term for each of the following definitions: chemistry This is the study of the properties of matter and the changes that take place in matter caustic This word describes a substance that is dangerous to touch as it is able to burn skin at contact. It is another name for corrosive. Homogeneous mixture This is a mixture that is uniform throughout. It is also called a solution. An example is when small amounts of salt are dissolved in water. Heterogeneous mixture This is a mixture that is not uniform throughout. It is also called a mechanical mixture. An example is when pepper is added to water. atomic number This is a number found on your periodic table. It identifies the element. It will tell you the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It will also indicate the number of electrons that normally are present. An example is that carbon’s value is 6. mass number This number is not on the periodic table. It is the total of the number of protons added to the number of neutrons. You can find the number of protons by subtracting the atomic number from this number. ionic compound This is a compound that is formed from charged atoms that became charged by exchanging electrons. These compounds will conduct electricity if you dissolve them in water. These compounds are formed between a metal (named first) and a non-metal. NaCl is an example of this type of compound. non-metal These are elements that are found on the far right of the periodic table. They will always gain or share electrons, but will generally not lose electrons. Carbon, Oxygen and Fluorine are examples. exothermic These are chemical reactions that will give off heat (or light) energy when they take place. Burning a piece of wood is an example. reaction rate This is a measure of how fast a chemical reaction takes place. Ways to increase it are: increase reactants, increase surface area or add a catalyst. catalyst This is a chemical substance that when added to a chemical reaction will speed up the reaction but not alter it in other ways. Enzymes are examples of proteins that act as catalysts in living things. physical change This is a change to a substance that does not represent a new substance being formed. Physical changes include: freezing/boiling/melting water, mixing a solution of salt and water, ripping a piece of paper into two pieces. chemical change conservation of mass compounds molecular compound chemical formula molecule metalloids enzyme inhibitors corrosion Electrolysis Dalton’s atomic model element This is also known as a chemical reaction. . This occurs when the bonds holding a substance together are broke, new bods then form to produce a new chemical compound. Examples include burning, cooking, rusting and exploding. This is a basic law of nature that states that the mass of the product of any chemical reaction is equal to the mass of the products of that reaction. It is also called the conservation of matter law. These are pure substances that are made of two or more chemical substances that have formed during a chemical reaction. They can only be broken down by a chemical reaction. This is a compound that is formed when atoms share electrons. These compounds will not conduct electricity if you dissolve them in water. These compounds are formed between two non-metals. CO2 is an example of this type of compound. This is the way that we use symbols to represent chemical compound. NaCl, MgF2, H2O and CO2 are examples. This is the smallest particle of a molecular compound, formed when atoms share electrons. These are the “steps” that form the boundary between metals and non-metals. They are somewhat like metals and somewhat like non-metals. Born and silicon are examples. These are organic catalysts. They are chemicals that are produced by living organisms that act to speed up a chemical reaction without changing the reaction in any other way. Invertase is an enzyme found produced by bees and found in honey. These are chemicals that work the opposite of catalysts. They will slow down a chemical reaction but not otherwise change it. This is an oxidation reaction that is also known as rust. This is the splitting apart of a chemical compound using electricity. This says that matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms. In this model atoms of the same element are identical, but the atoms of different elements are all different. This model is often called the “Billiard Ball” model. These are pure substances that are made of only one type of element. These are the type of matter that are found on the periodic table on page 440-441 of your text book. neutron diatomic molecules binary compounds chemical reaction rust galvanization combustion electron Atomic nucleus proton This is a fundamental particle found in the nucleus with protons. They do not have a charge. The number of them in an isotope can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number. These are molecules that are composed of 2 atoms of the same element. Oxygen gas (O2), hydrogen gas (H2) and chlorine gas (Cl2) is examples of them. These are compounds made of two and only 2 different elements. HCl, H2O, CO2 and NaCl are all examples. This is also known as a chemical change. This occurs when the bonds holding a substance together are broke, new bods then form to produce a new chemical compound. Examples include burning, cooking, rusting and exploding. This is the common name for a chemical reaction known as corrosion. This is a process used to fight against corrosion by coating the surface of a metal with zinc. Zinc resists rusting. This is the name for a chemical reaction more commonly known as burning. Like corrosion, it is an oxidation reaction. This is a fundamental particle of matter that has a negative charge. It was discovered by JJ Thomson while working with cathode ray tubes. These particles are found orbiting the nucleus in specific energy levels. It is the transfer of these particles that are involved in chemical bonding, ion formation and electricity. This is the center of an atom. The idea of its existence was first proposed by Rutherford after his gold foil experiment. It contains neutrons and protons. This is a fundamental particle of matter that has a positive charge. These particles are found in the nucleus of an atom. The number of these that are found in an atom of a specific element is identified by the element’s atomic number. element symbols These are the 1 or 2 letter abbreviations that we use to represent the elements. They are sometimes misleading as they represent a Greek or German word. chemical family These are the vertical columns on a periodic table. Examples include: Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens and Noble Gases. metal These are the types of elements found on the left (and middle) of the periodic table. On page 440-441, they are coloured blue. They are good conductors of heat and electricity. Mercury is the only one that is a liquid at room temperature, the rest are solids. They are malleable and ductile. endothermic These are chemical reactions that will take in heat (or light) energy when they take place. These reactions have a cooling effect. The reaction in a “cool” pack is an example. reactants These are the raw material of a chemical reaction. They are generally found on the left side of the arrow in the chemical equation. products These are the new compounds formed by a chemical reaction. They are generally found on the right side of the arrow in the chemical equation.