Download Unit vocab review key - Grande Cache Community High School

Name:
Science 9
Unit 2 – Vocabulary Review
Date:
GCCHS
Provide a correct term for each of the following definitions:
chemistry
This is the study of the properties of matter and the changes that take place in
matter
caustic
This word describes a substance that is dangerous to touch as it is able to burn
skin at contact. It is another name for corrosive.
Homogeneous mixture
This is a mixture that is uniform throughout. It is also called a solution. An
example is when small amounts of salt are dissolved in water.
Heterogeneous mixture
This is a mixture that is not uniform throughout. It is also called a mechanical
mixture. An example is when pepper is added to water.
atomic number
This is a number found on your periodic table. It identifies the element. It
will tell you the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It will also
indicate the number of electrons that normally are present. An example is that
carbon’s value is 6.
mass number
This number is not on the periodic table. It is the total of the number of
protons added to the number of neutrons. You can find the number of protons
by subtracting the atomic number from this number.
ionic compound
This is a compound that is formed from charged atoms that became charged
by exchanging electrons. These compounds will conduct electricity if you
dissolve them in water. These compounds are formed between a metal
(named first) and a non-metal. NaCl is an example of this type of compound.
non-metal
These are elements that are found on the far right of the periodic table. They
will always gain or share electrons, but will generally not lose electrons.
Carbon, Oxygen and Fluorine are examples.
exothermic
These are chemical reactions that will give off heat (or light) energy when
they take place. Burning a piece of wood is an example.
reaction rate
This is a measure of how fast a chemical reaction takes place. Ways to
increase it are: increase reactants, increase surface area or add a catalyst.
catalyst
This is a chemical substance that when added to a chemical reaction will
speed up the reaction but not alter it in other ways. Enzymes are examples of
proteins that act as catalysts in living things.
physical change
This is a change to a substance that does not represent a new substance being
formed. Physical changes include: freezing/boiling/melting water, mixing a
solution of salt and water, ripping a piece of paper into two pieces.
chemical change
conservation of mass
compounds
molecular compound
chemical formula
molecule
metalloids
enzyme
inhibitors
corrosion
Electrolysis
Dalton’s atomic model
element
This is also known as a chemical reaction. . This occurs when the bonds
holding a substance together are broke, new bods then form to produce a new
chemical compound. Examples include burning, cooking, rusting and
exploding.
This is a basic law of nature that states that the mass of the product of any
chemical reaction is equal to the mass of the products of that reaction. It is
also called the conservation of matter law.
These are pure substances that are made of two or more chemical substances
that have formed during a chemical reaction. They can only be broken down
by a chemical reaction.
This is a compound that is formed when atoms share electrons. These
compounds will not conduct electricity if you dissolve them in water. These
compounds are formed between two non-metals. CO2 is an example of this
type of compound.
This is the way that we use symbols to represent chemical compound. NaCl,
MgF2, H2O and CO2 are examples.
This is the smallest particle of a molecular compound, formed when atoms
share electrons.
These are the “steps” that form the boundary between metals and non-metals.
They are somewhat like metals and somewhat like non-metals. Born and
silicon are examples.
These are organic catalysts. They are chemicals that are produced by living
organisms that act to speed up a chemical reaction without changing the
reaction in any other way. Invertase is an enzyme found produced by bees
and found in honey.
These are chemicals that work the opposite of catalysts. They will slow down
a chemical reaction but not otherwise change it.
This is an oxidation reaction that is also known as rust.
This is the splitting apart of a chemical compound using electricity.
This says that matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms. In this
model atoms of the same element are identical, but the atoms of different
elements are all different. This model is often called the “Billiard Ball”
model.
These are pure substances that are made of only one type of element. These
are the type of matter that are found on the periodic table on page 440-441 of
your text book.
neutron
diatomic molecules
binary compounds
chemical reaction
rust
galvanization
combustion
electron
Atomic nucleus
proton
This is a fundamental particle found in the nucleus with protons. They do not
have a charge. The number of them in an isotope can be calculated by
subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.
These are molecules that are composed of 2 atoms of the same element.
Oxygen gas (O2), hydrogen gas (H2) and chlorine gas (Cl2) is examples of
them.
These are compounds made of two and only 2 different elements. HCl, H2O,
CO2 and NaCl are all examples.
This is also known as a chemical change. This occurs when the bonds holding
a substance together are broke, new bods then form to produce a new
chemical compound. Examples include burning, cooking, rusting and
exploding.
This is the common name for a chemical reaction known as corrosion.
This is a process used to fight against corrosion by coating the surface of a
metal with zinc. Zinc resists rusting.
This is the name for a chemical reaction more commonly known as burning.
Like corrosion, it is an oxidation reaction.
This is a fundamental particle of matter that has a negative charge. It was
discovered by JJ Thomson while working with cathode ray tubes. These
particles are found orbiting the nucleus in specific energy levels. It is the
transfer of these particles that are involved in chemical bonding, ion formation
and electricity.
This is the center of an atom. The idea of its existence was first proposed by
Rutherford after his gold foil experiment. It contains neutrons and protons.
This is a fundamental particle of matter that has a positive charge. These
particles are found in the nucleus of an atom. The number of these that are
found in an atom of a specific element is identified by the element’s atomic
number.
element symbols
These are the 1 or 2 letter abbreviations that we use to represent the elements.
They are sometimes misleading as they represent a Greek or German word.
chemical family
These are the vertical columns on a periodic table. Examples include: Alkali
Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens and Noble Gases.
metal
These are the types of elements found on the left (and middle) of the periodic
table. On page 440-441, they are coloured blue. They are good conductors of
heat and electricity. Mercury is the only one that is a liquid at room
temperature, the rest are solids. They are malleable and ductile.
endothermic
These are chemical reactions that will take in heat (or light) energy when they
take place. These reactions have a cooling effect. The reaction in a “cool”
pack is an example.
reactants
These are the raw material of a chemical reaction. They are generally found
on the left side of the arrow in the chemical equation.
products
These are the new compounds formed by a chemical reaction. They are
generally found on the right side of the arrow in the chemical equation.