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Abdominal Cavity 1:
Peritoneum
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Peritoneum
A serous membrane of 2 continuous layers that covering the
abdominal organs
(G, To stretch or cover around )
Parietal: lining internal abdominal wall
Visceral: lining abdominal organs (viscera)
Peritoneal cavity: space between parietal & visceral layers
fluid filled  reduce friction
* NO organs in peritoneal cavity
Abdominal Organs Relation to Peritoneum
Intraperitoneal:
completely covered by visceral peritoneum
Retroperitoneal:
posterior (behind) the peritoneum
touched anteriorly by parietal peritoneum
Peritoneal Cavity
2 parts
Greater sac:
main part of peritoneal
cavity
Lesser sac (omental bursa):
extensional cavity behind the stomach
allows free movement of stomach
it has 3 recesses: sup., inf., & splenic
connects with greater sac through epiploic foramen
Epiploic Foramen
Foramen of Winslow
Connects lesser sac to greater sac
Boundaries:
Ant.: portal triad
(p. vein, h.a., & bile duct)
Post.: IVC
Sup.: Liver (caudate lobe)
Inf.: duodenum (1st part)
Foramen of Winslow & Lesser Sac
Terms describing parts of peritoneum
Peritoneum has special names at specific regions:
omentum
mesentry & mesocolon
ligaments
Omentum
Broad, double layered sheet of peritoneum that connects stomach
to another abdominal organ
2 parts
1. Greater Omentum:
Greater curvature of stomach

Down (like apron)

Reflects up again

Ant. transverse colon
Greater Omentum
3 parts
Reflection
Internal Omental Herniation
A loop of intestine may pass through foramen
of winslow  lesser sac
 None of the boundaries can be incised to
reduce the hernia
Rx.:
1st: aspirating the gut content
2nd: pushing the herniated loop out of lesser
sac by inserting the index finger into it
through ant. 2 layers of ??
2. Lesser Omentum
Lesser curvature of stomach
& small part of dudenum (2cm)

Liver
Post. to it = lesser sac
* The free edge of lesser omentum is called:
hepatoduodenal ligament
 contains portal triad
Hepatoduodenal Ligament
Mesentery & Mesocolon
Mesentry:
double layer of peritoneum connects small
intestine to posterior abdominal wall
mesentry of small intestine
Mesocolon:
double layer of peritoneum connects large
intestine to posterior abdominal wall
transverse mesocolon
sigmoid mesocolon
mesoappendix
Mesentery
&
Mesocolon
Ligaments
Double layer of peritoneum that is usually attached to solid
organs (liver & spleen)
Falciform Lig.:
Attachs the liver to ant. abdominal wall
& ends by enclosing ligamentum teres
Hepatoduodenal Lig.:
The free edge of …?
1st 2 cm of duodenum to liver
Contents?
Peritoneal Nerve Supply
Parietal Peritoneum: (sensations)
T7 – T12
L1 (iliohypogastric)
Obturator nerve (in the pelvis)
Visceral Peritoneum:
Autonomic nerve supply
(only for stretch)
Organs Relations to Peritoneum
Stomach (intra)
Duodenum
(retro, except 1st 2 cm)
Liver:
Intraperitoneal
except over 3 areas
Jejunum & ileum (intra)
Cecum (??)
Appendix (intra)
Ascending (retro)
Transverse (intra)
Descending (retro)
Sigmoid (intra)
Rectum: within the pelvis
upper part (ant. & lat.)
middle part (ant.)
lower (no covering, subpertoneal)
Pancreas:
Retroperitoneal
except for the tail
Spleen:
Intraperitoneal
Kidneys:
Retroperitoneal