Download SKULL / CRANIUM

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SKULL / CRANIUM
BONES OF THE NEUROCRANIUM (7)
Occipital bone (1)
Sphenoid bone (1)
Temporal bone (2)
Frontal bone (1)
Parietal bone (2)
BONES OF THE VISCEROCRANIUM (15)
Ethmoid bone (1)
Maxilla (2)
Mandible (1)
Zygomatic bone (2)
Nasal bone (2)
Lacrimal bone (2)
Inferior nasalis concha (2)
Vomer (1)
Palatine bone (2)
Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea
1
FRONTAL BONE
MAIN PARTS:
FRONTAL SQUAMA
ORBITAL PARTS
NASAL PART
FRONTAL SQUAMA
Parietal margin
Sphenoid margin
Supraorbital margin
External surface
Frontal tubercle
Temporal surface
Superciliary arch
Zygomatic process
Glabella
Supraorbital margin
Frontal notch
Supraorbital foramen
Internal surface
Frontal crest
Sulcus for superior sagittal sinus
Foramen caecum
ORBITAL PARTS
Ethmoidal notch
Cerebral surface
impresiones digitatae
Orbital surface
Fossa for lacrimal gland
Trochlear notch / fovea
Anterior ethmoidal foramen
Posterior ethmoidal foramen
NASAL PART
nasal spine
nasal margin
frontal sinus
Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea
2
SPHENOID BONE
MAIN PARTS:
CORPUS / BODY
GREATER WINGS
LESSER WINGS
PTERYGOID PROCESSES
CORPUS / BODY
Sphenoid sinus
Septum of sphenoid sinus
Sphenoidal crest
Sphenoidal concha
Apertura sinus sphenoidalis / Opening of sphenoid sinus
Sella turcica
Hypophyseal fossa
Dorsum sellae
Posterior clinoid process
Praechiasmatic sulcus
Carotid sulcus
GREATER WINGS
Cerebral surface
• Foramen rotundum
• Framen ovale
• Foramen spinosum
Temporal surface
Infratemporalis crest
Infratemporal surface
Orbital surface
Maxillary surface
LESSER WINGS
Anterior clinoid process
Superior orbital fissure
Optic canal
PTERYGOID PROCESSES
Lateral plate
Medial plate
Pterygoid hamulus
Pterygoid fossa
Pterygoid sulcus
Scaphoid fossa
Pterygoid notch
Pterygoid canal (Vidian canal)
Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea
3
OCCIPITAL BONE
MAIN PARTS: around the Foramen magnum
SQUAMOUS PART / OCCIPITAL SQUAMA
BASILAR PART
LATERAL PARTS
BASILAR PART
Clivus
Pharyngeal tubercle
LATERAL PARTS
Occipital condyles
Condylar fossa
Condylar canal
Jugular tubercle
Hypoglossal canal
Jugular notch
Intrajugular process
SQUAMOUS PART / OCCIPITAL SQUAMA
External occipital protuberance
External occipital / (nuchal) crest
Highest /supreme nuchal line
Superior nuchal line
Inferior nuchal line
Cruciform eminence
Internal occipital protuberance
Internal occipital crest
Sulcus for superior sagittal sinus
Sulcus for transverse sinus
Sulcus for sigmoid sinus
Lambdoid margin
Mastoid margin
Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea
4
TEMPORAL BONE
MAIN PARTS: around the External acoustic meatus
•
SQUAMOUS PART
•
PETROMASTOID PART
PETROUS PART (PYRAMID)
MASTOID PART
•
TYMPANIC PART
•
HYOID PART = Styliod process
SQUAMOUS PART
Temporal squama
Zygomatic process
Mandibular fossa
Articular tubercle
Suprameatal spine
MASTOID PART
External surface:
Mastoid process → (Mastoid air cells)
Mastoid notch
Sulcus for occipital artery
Mastoid canaliculus
Styloid process
Stylomastoid foramen (→Facial canal)
Internal surfac :
Sulcus for sigmoid sinus
Mastoid foramen
PETROUS PART (PYRAMID)
Anterior surface
Apex (of petrous part)
Trigeminal impression
Sulcus; hiatus and canal for greater petrosal nerve
Sulcus; hiatus and canal for lesser petrosal nerve
Arcuate eminence
Tegmen tympani
Sulcus for superior petrosal sinus
Posterior surface
Internal acoustic meatus
Fundus of internal acustic meatus
Transverse crest
Area of facial nerve
Superior vestibular area
Inferior vestibular area
Cochlear area
External opening of vestibular aquaeduct
Sulcus for inferior petrosal sinus
Jugular notch
Intrajugular process
Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea
5
Inferior / basal / external surface
Carotid canal
Jugular fossa
Fossula petrosa
Tympanic canaliculus
External aperture of cochlear canaliculus
Mastoid canaliculus
Styloid process
Stylomastoid foramen (→Facial canal)
Mastoid process
Lateral / tympanic surface: Medial wall of the tympanic cavity
Promontory (sulcus for tympanic n.)
Fenestra vestibuli (oval window)
Fenestra cochleae (round window)
Pyramidal eminence
Prominence of lat. semicircular canal
Canaliculus for chorda tympani
Musculotubarian canal
Bony septum
Semicanal for tensor tympani muscle
Semicanal for auditory tube
Mastoid antrum
Mastoid air cells
Sphenopetrosal synchondrosis,
Petrooccipital synchondrosis → Foramen lacerum
TYMPANIC PART
Tympanic groove
(Tympanosquamous fissure)
Petrotympanic fissure (Glaser fissure)
Petrosquamous fissure
Tympanomastoid fissure
Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea
6
PARIETAL BONE
4 margins:
Occipital margin
Squamous margin
Sagittal margin
Frontal margin
4 angles:
Frontal angle
Sphenoidal angle
Occipital angle
Mastoid angle
2 surfaces:
Parietal surface
parietal tuber
superior temporal line
inferior temporal line
parietal foramen
Cerebral surface
Grooves for middle meningeal artery
Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea
7
MAXILLA
Body of maxilla
Maxillary sinus
4 surfaces of the body:
• Orbital surface
Infraorbital canal
Infraorbital sulcus
•
Anterior surface
Infraorbital margin
Infraorbital foramen
Canine fossa
Anterior nasal spine
Nasal notch
•
Nasal surface
Maxillary hiatus
Lacrimal sulcus
Conchal crest
•
Infratemporal surface
Maxillary tuberosity
Alveolar foramen
4 processes:
• Frontal process
Anterior lacrimal crest
Ethmoidal crest
Conchal crest
•
Zygomatic process
•
Alveolar process
Alveolar juga
Dentate alveoli
Interalveolar septum
Intrerradicular septum
•
Palatine process
Median palatine suture
Palatine sulci
Incisive bone
Incisive foramen
Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea
8
MANDIBLE
Body of mandible
Basis of mandible
Mental protuberance
Mental foramen
Mental spine
Digastric fossa
Mylohyoid line
Sublingual fovea
Submandibular fovea
Alveolar process
Alveolar juga (eminences)
Angle of mandible
Ramus of mandible
Condylar process
Head of mandible
Neck of mandible
Pterygoid fovea
Coronoid process
Oblique line
Mandibular notch
Masseteric tuberosity
Pterygoid tuberosity
Mandibular foramen
Mandibular canal
Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea
9
PALATINE BONE
Horizontal plate
Transverse palatine suture
Nasal crest
Posterior nasal spine
Greater palatine foramen
Lesser palatine foramen
Pyramidal process
Perpendicular plate
Orbital process
Sphenoid process
Sphenopalatine notch
(Sphenopalatine foramen)
Greater palatine sulcus
(Greater palatine canal)
Conchal crest
Ethmoidal crest
ETHMOID BONE
Cribriform plate
crista galli
foramen cecum
Perpendicular plate
Ethmoidal labyrinth
Ethmoidal air cells
Orbital plate
Superior nasal concha
Middle nasal concha
Uncinate process
Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea
10
ZYGOMATIC BONE
Body
Surfaces:
Lateral surface
Orbital surface
Temporal surface
Processes :
Frontal process
Temporal process (zygomatic arch)
Maxillary process
Openings:
Zygomaticoorbital foramen
Zygomaticofacial foramen
Zygomaticotemporal foramen
INFERIOR NASAL CONCHA
Maxillary process
Lacrimal process
Ethmoidal process
LACRIMAL BONE
Posterior lacrimal crest
Lacrimal groove
Fossa sacci lacrimalis
NASAL BONE
Ethmoidal sulcus
VOMER
Wings of vomer
Compiled by: Dr. Czigner Andrea
11