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Biodiversity Monitoring
Concepts, implementation and results
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The Challenge
Biodiversity loss continues at alarming rates. In the last
century the loss was 1.000 to 10.000 times higher than in
the natural average of earths history.
Biodiversity loss together with climate change is seen as the
most critical global environmental threat
2020 Targets –
CBD -Strategic plan 2011-2020
 Mission“take effective and urgent action to halt the loss of
biodiversity in order to ensure that by 2020 ecosystems are
resilient and continue to provide essential services (…)”
 Five strategic goals and 20 Aichi-Targets
 Strategic goal C: To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding
ecosystems, species and genetic diverstiy
 Aichi Target 12: By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species as been
prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline,
has been improved and sustained.
 EU Biodiversity strategy
Biodiversity monitoring
 Answering the policy questions
 What is changing?
 Why is it changing?
 Why is it important?
 What are we doing about it?
 ->EEA - process and development of SEBI
 ->Austria - development of MOBI-E
SEBI 2010 - Streamlining European 2010
Biodiversity Indicators
 SEBI 2010 was launched in 2004 as a process to select and
streamline a set of biodiversity indicators to monitor
progress towards the 2010 target of halting biodiversity
loss and help achieve progress towards the target.
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CBD focal areas -> SEBI indicators
 Status and trends of components of biodiversity
 Threats to biodiversity
 Ecosystem integrity and ecosystem goods and services
 Sustainable use
 Status of access and benefit-sharing
 Status of resource transfers
 not included in European level - status of traditional
knowledge, innovation and practices
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SEBI 2010 - Indicators
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CBD focal area – Status and trends of the
components of biological diversity
Headline indicator
SEBI 2010 specific indicator
Trends in the abundance of selected
species
1. Abundance and distribution of
selectes a)birds b) butterlies
Change in status of threatend
and/or protected species
2. Red list index for European
species
3. Species of European interest
Trends in extent of selected biomes,
ecosystems and habitats
4. Ecosystem coverage
5. Habitats of European interest
Trends in genetic diversity of
domesticated animals, cultivated
plants, and fish species of major
socioeconomic importance
6. Livestock genetic diversity
Coverage of protected areas
7. Nationally designated protected
areas
8. Sites disignated under EU
Habitats and Birds Directives
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Abundance and distribution of selceted
species
 Definition: Trends in the
abundance of common birds
and butterflies over time
across their European ranges
Source: EEA Technical Report 4/2009
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Abundance and distrubution of
selceted species - Birds
 Relevant for
 Comprehensive assessments on EU level, e.g.
 Progress towards the European 2010 biodiversity target (EEA Report No
4/2009)
 The European Environment State and Outlook 2010 (SOER, EEA 2010)
 Farmland bird index, one of the baseline indicator for Rural
Development
 Sustainable Development Indicators (eurostat) Abundance of common
birds
 Reporting according Birds Directive (data of national
surveys)
 National reports to the CBD e.g. in Austria
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Red list index for European species
 Definition: Trends in the
overall threat status of
European species
Source: EEA Technical Report 4/2009
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Red list index for European species
 Relevant for
 Comprehensive assessments on EU level, e.g.
 Progress towards the European 2010 biodiversity target (EEA Report No
4/2009)
 Sustainable Development Indicators (eurostat) – not yet
 Red lists - National reports to the CBD
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Invasive alien species in Europe
 Relevant for
 Comprehensive assessments on EU level, e.g.
 Progress towards the European 2010 biodiversity target (EEA Report No
4/2009)
 National reports to the CBD e.g. in Austria
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Invasive alien species in Europe
 Definition:Worst invasive alien
species, those with
demonstrated negative impacts
Source: EEA Technical Report 4/2009
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Representation of countries in the
SEBI set
Source: EEA Technical report 11/2012: Streamlining European biodiversity indicators 2020
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Austrian concept on biodiversity monitoring
MOBI – Monitoring Biodiversity
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MOBI-E objectives
 Provide information for
 Convention on biological diversity
 Ramsar convention
 Habitats- und Birds directive
 Water Framework directive
 Alpine convention
 Ministerial conference for protection forests of Euroe
 Evaluation of agrie-environmental schemes
 SEBI
 Synergies
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MOBI-E focal areas
 Main ecosystem types
 Alpine region
 Forests
 Cultural landscape (pastures, meadows, arable land)
 Water (rivers, lakes)
 Settlements
 Cross-sections
 Nature protection
 Species and habitats
 Genetic diversity
 Soil
 Fragmentation
 Public awareness and participation
MOBI-E indicators
 11 focal areas -> 47 indicators
 Nature protection – protected areas
 Cultural landscape – % of area under organic farming
 Species and habitats – status and trends selected species and habitats
 According Habitat directive, Birds directive
Data collection
 Systematically
 Forest inventory
 Bird monitoring
 Species of EU concern (Habitat directive)
 Biotope mapping in some regions (in protected areas)
 Selected species (in protected areas)
 Other sources
 Scientific publications
 Data from hunters assoziations
 Evaluation of agri-environmental schemes
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Red data books
 Red list of selected species groups
 Animals groups assessed in 1983, 1994, 2005,
2007
 Fern and flowering plants in 1999
 Red list of types of biotopes
 Evaluation completed in 2010
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Forest inventory
 Information on the stock and growing rate of Austrian
forests, since 1960ies, about every seven years
 11,000 samples
 Indicators relevant for biodiversity e.g. composition of tree
species, deadwood
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Implementation of MOBI-E
 Results of about half of the
indicators are compiled in reports
(2013, 2010, 2008)
 Sampling design for cultural
landscape available
 -> 600 samples for evaluation of Austria
 Evaluation for smaller areas additional
samples needed
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Birds monitoring
Birdlife Austria
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Birds monitoring in Austria
 Since 1998, with 160 volonteers
 samples are fixed
 185 bird species, 40.000 to 60.000 individuals are recorded
per year
 2 examinations per year (April and May), in alpine areas
later
 -> trends
Farmland Bird Index Austria

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Database on threatened and protected species
Approach and obstacles
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Species monitoring in Austria
 Birds monitoring is carried out systematically
 Some invetrebates, some fish species for reporting
obligations for EU Water Framework Directive
 About 25 species for EU Habitats Directive (started 2011)
 Selected species in pilot studies, by volunteers, by hunters,
in projects
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GBIF Austria
Austrian GBIF-Data Providers
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Approach/obstacles with database
on protected species
 Establish an online database on protected species
 Species protection under nature conservation act, hunting
act and fisheries acts
 Nature conservation, hunting and fishery in competence of
the nine Austrian provinces – 27 ordinances
 Difficulties
 Species are not always listed with scientific name
 Groups of taxa, like all cushion plant, all ducks
 Taxonomic changes
 Protected under hunting law, some species are not protected the whole
year, only during breeding periode or periode for rearing the offsprings
Online - Databases on red lists
Mission Plan
032_410
Contact & Information
Maria Tiefenbach
Tel. Nr., E-Mail +43-1-31304-3350,
[email protected]
Umweltbundesamt
www.umweltbundesamt.at
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