Download Biology Chapter 4 (Due October 24) [Test

Biology Chapter 4 (Due October 31) [Test October 31]
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. The average conditions of the atmosphere in a particular area are referred to as the area’s
a. weather.
b. latitude.
c. ecosystem.
d. climate.
2. How does an area’s weather differ from the area’s climate?
a. Weather involves temperature and precipitation and climate involves only temperature.
b. An area’s weather depends on where it is located on Earth and the area’s climate does not.
c. An area’s weather does not change very much and an area’s climate changes many times.
d. Weather is the area’s day-to-day conditions and climate is the area’s average conditions.
3. All of the following factors contribute to Earth’s climate EXCEPT
a. latitude.
b. longitude.
c. transport of heat by winds.
d. shape and elevation of landmasses.
4. The greenhouse effect is
a. something that has only occurred for the last 50 years.
b. a natural phenomenon that maintains Earth’s temperature range.
c. the result of the differences in the angle of the sun’s rays.
d. an unnatural phenomenon that causes heat energy to be radiated back into the atmosphere.
5. Earth has three main climate zones because of the differences in latitude and, thus,
a. amount of precipitation received.
b. distribution of sunlight.
c. ocean currents.
d. prevailing winds.
6. The tendency for warm air to rise and cool air to sink results in
a. global wind patterns.
b. ocean upwelling.
c. the seasons.
d. regional precipitation.
7. Why is an organism’s niche like a person’s occupation?
a. An organism makes “money” by working in its niche.
b. A niche is a “company” that the organism has to work in.
c. A niche is a “factory” where organisms build things.
d. An organism can “make a living” and survive in its niche.
8. Which of the following is a biological aspect of an organism’s niche?
a. the water in the area
b. the way it gets food
c. amount of sunlight
d. composition of soil
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9. Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they
a. have different habitats within the tree.
b. don’t eat food from the tree.
c. occupy different niches within the tree.
d. can find different temperatures within the tree.
10. Different species can share the same habitat, but competition among them is reduced if they
a. reproduce at different times.
b. eat less.
c. increase their populations.
d. occupy different niches.
11. No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time
a. because of the interactions that shape the ecosystem.
b. unless the species require different abiotic factors.
c. because of the competitive exclusion principle.
d. unless the species require different biotic factors.
12. An interaction in which an animal feeds on plants is called
a. carnivory.
b. herbivory.
c. predation.
d. symbiosis.
13. A wolf pack hunts, kills, and feeds on a moose. In this interaction, the wolves are
a. hosts.
b. prey.
c. mutualists.
d. predators.
14. A predator is an animal that
a. kills and eats other animals
b. eats plants.
c. lives on another animal without harming it.
d. lives inside another animal.
15. A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is
a. commensalism.
b. mutualism.
c. predation.
d. parasitism.
16. A symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed and the other benefits is
a. mutualism.
b. parasitism.
c. commensalism.
d. predation.
17. How is parasitism different from commensalism?
a. Both organisms benefit in parasitism and only one organism benefits in commensalism.
b. One organism benefits in parasitism and no organisms benefit in commensalism.
c. One organism is harmed in parasitism and both organisms are harmed in commensalism.
d. One organism is harmed in parasitism and no organisms are harmed in commensalism.
____ 18. Primary succession would most likely occur after
a. a forest fire.
b. a lava flow.
c. farm land is abandoned.
d. a severe storm.
____ 19. What is one difference between primary and secondary succession?
a. Primary succession is rapid and secondary succession is slow.
b. Secondary succession begins on soil and primary succession begins on newly exposed
surfaces.
c. Primary succession modifies the environment and secondary succession does not.
d. Secondary succession begins with lichens and primary succession begins with trees.
____ 20. Which of the following occurs during the ecological succession of an ecosystem?
a. An ecosystem reaches a final, unchanging stage.
b. Animals move out of the ecosystem until succession is complete.
c. Living organisms modify their environment a little at a time.
d. Parts of communities split off to form new communities.
____ 21. Which is a factor that could interrupt the progress of succession?
a. colonization of surfaces by lichens
b. different animals appearing at each stage
c. another natural disturbance
d. long-term fluctuations in climate
Figure 4–2
____ 22. Figure 4–2 shows succession in an ecosystem. What organisms are found in the climax community for this
ecosystem?
a. lichens and moss
b. trees and shrubs
c. weeds and grasses
d. volcanoes and soil
____ 23. A tropical rain forest may not return to its original climax community after which of the following
disturbances?
a. burning of a forest fire
b. clearing and farming
c. volcanic eruption
d. flooding after a hurricane
____ 24. An example of a human-caused disturbance is
a. a hurricane.
b. forest-clearing.
c. wildfires.
d. growing lichens.
____ 25. Climate is a global factor that produces
a. Earth’s unique ocean and atmosphere.
b. the shape and elevation of landmasses.
c. a wide range of environmental conditions that shape communities.
d. solar energy within the atmosphere.
____ 26. Which two biomes have the least precipitation?
a. tropical rain forest and temperate grassland
b. tropical savanna and tropical dry forest
c. tundra and desert
d. boreal forest and temperate woodland and shrubland
____ 27. Which biome has long cold winters and short summers, and is home to conifers?
a. savanna
b. temperate woodland
c. tundra
d. boreal forest
____ 28. Which animal would be found in the biome that has cold to moderate winters, warm summers, and fertile
soils; and is home to a variety of vegetation, such as coniferous trees, broadleaf deciduous trees, flowering
shrubs, and ferns?
a. whitetail deer
b. polar bear
c. iguana
d. caribou
____ 29. Which landforms are not classified into a major biome?
a. prairies
b. mountain ranges
c. coastlines
d. islands
____ 30. The North Pole and the South Poles are
a. classified as tundra biomes.
b. not home to any animals.
c. not classified into major biomes.
d. part of aquatic ecosystems.
____ 31. Aquatic organisms are affected by all of the following EXCEPT
a. depth and flow of the water.
b. temperature of the water.
c. distance from another body of water.
d. nutrients in the water.
____ 32. The nutrient availability of aquatic ecosystems is the
a. amount of nitrogen, oxygen, and other elements dissolved in the water.
b. number of other organisms present in the water.
c. amount of rainfall the water receives.
d. number of different animal species living in the water.
____ 33. Are you likely to find zooplankton in the aphotic, benthic zone of an ocean?
a. Yes. Zooplankton are chemosynthetic autotrophs.
b. Yes. Zooplankton can photosynthesize in the dark.
c. No. Zooplankton feed on phytoplankton and phytoplankton cannot photosynthesize in the
dark.
d. No. Zooplankton cannot chemosynthesize in the dark without the presence of oxygen in
the water.
____ 34. Which of the following is NOT a freshwater ecosystem?
a. a river
b. a lake
c. an estuary
d. a stream
____ 35. Freshwater ecosystems that often originate from underground sources in mountains or hills are
a. estuaries.
b. rivers and streams.
c. lakes and ponds.
d. wetlands.
____ 36. Which is one way a freshwater wetland differs from a lake or pond?
a. Water flows in a lake or pond but never flows in a wetland.
b. Wetlands are nesting areas for birds, but lakes and ponds are not.
c. Water does not always cover a wetland as it does a lake or pond.
d. Wetlands are salty, but lakes and ponds are fresh.
____ 37. Estuaries are commercially important because
a. fish species that people buy and sell live in estuaries.
b. tall buildings can be built in estuaries.
c. lumber trees grow in estuaries.
d. fossil fuels are found in estuaries.
____ 38. Which of the following is a factor that makes estuaries unique?
a. They contain both phytoplankton and zooplankton.
b. They are very deep and dark but contain a lot of producers.
c. They are found in mountain ranges and are formed by melting snow.
d. They have a lot of biomass but not a large variety of species.
____ 39. The photic zone
a. extends to the bottom of the open ocean.
b. extends to a depth of about 200 meters.
c. is deep, cold, and permanently dark.
d. is where chemosynthetic bacteria are the producers.
____ 40. Which organism lives where it is sometimes submerged and routinely exposed to air, heat, battering waves,
and strong currents?
a. barnacle
b. squid
c. dolphin
d. whale
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____ 41. Weather is the average, year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region.
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____ 42. An organism’s niche includes the way the organism gets what it needs to survive and reproduce.
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____ 43. Two kinds of birds eat the same food and nest in the same area. These two species of birds are in symbiosis.
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____ 44. A series of more-or-less predictable changes that occur in a community over time is ecological succession.
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____ 45. Building a dam in a river is an example of a human-caused disturbance. ______________________________
____ 46. The temperate forest biome is typically warmer and has more rainfall than the boreal forest biome.
_________________________
____ 47. The depth of the water in an aquatic ecosystem determines the amount of oxygen that living things receive
there. ____________________
____ 48. As a freshwater wetland travels downhill from its origin toward flatter areas, the water flow slows.
_________________________
____ 49. Mangroves are salt-tolerant trees that are commonly found in the open ocean. _________________________
____ 50. The zones of the marine ecosystem are determined by distance from shore and depth.
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Completion
Complete each statement.
51. Average year-after-year conditions are to climate as day-to-day atmospheric conditions are to
_________________.
52. The energy of ____________________ helps to determine Earth’s climate.
Figure 4–3
53. As shown in Figure 4–3, the climate zone that receives the most direct sunlight throughout the year lies
between ____________________ and ____________________ latitudes.
54. Predator is to prey as herbivore is to ____________________.
55. Some orchids grow high on trees so that they can get enough light for photosynthesis. The trees are
unaffected by the presence of the orchids. The relationship between the orchids and the trees is an example of
_________________________.
56. Regrowth of grasses, ferns, wildflowers, and saplings after a forest fire is an example of _______________
succession.
57. Abandoned farmland in North America usually returns to its original ____________________.
58. A freshwater ecosystem that can purify water by filtering pollutants and help to prevent flooding by absorbing
large amounts of water is a ____________________.
59. The water levels in estuaries change throughout the day because they are affected by ocean
____________________.
60. Because the water is shallow and rich in nutrients, the ________________________ ocean ecosystem is very
productive.
Short Answer
61. A whale-fall community begins when the body of a dead whale falls to the bottom of the ocean. Explain why
plants do not participate in the succession of a whale-fall community as they do in land-ecosystem succession.
62. Is the original climax community in an ecosystem more likely to be restored after a natural disturbance or a
human-caused disturbance? Explain your answer.
63. Deserts vary greatly depending on elevation and latitude. What characteristic do all deserts share?
64. What are the four main factors that affect organisms in aquatic ecosystems?
65. Which marine ecosystem contains the fewest photosynthetic producers? Why don’t more photosynthetic
producers live in this area?