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Operating Systems Dr. Fred Mtenzi Powered by DeSiaMore 1 Teaching Approach • Lectures and labs – Thur 9.00 – 10.00 noon (Lecture) – Thur 16.00 – 17.00 am (Lecture) – Frid 14.00 – 16.00 pm (Lab) Powered by DeSiaMore 2 Assessment methods • Written examination 70% • Continuous assessment 30% – Written test end of first semester. – Shell programming. Powered by DeSiaMore 3 References • Introduction to Operating Systems: Behind the Desktop, John English, Palgrave MacMillan (2005). • Understanding Operating Systems, 3rd Ed, I.M. Flynn and A. Mclver McHoes, (2001) PWS Publishing Company. • Operating Systems: Internals and design principles (2001), 4th Ed, William Stallings, Prentice Hall. • Modern Operating Systems, Andrew Tanenbaum(2001), 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall. • Operating Systems Design And Implementation 2nd Edition Andrew Tanenbaum, Albert Woodhull (1997), Prentice Hall. Powered by DeSiaMore 4 References • Operating Systems Modern Perspective 2nd Edition Gary Nutt (2000), Prentice Hall. • Operating Systems A Systematic View 5th Edition William Davis, T.M. Rajkumar (2001), Prentice Hall. Powered by DeSiaMore 5 Overview • Introduction • Operating System Components • Machine Hardware • Types of Operating Systems • Brief History of Operating Systems Development • Conclusion Powered by DeSiaMore Software Components Developed Hardware Components Developed Operating Systems Developed 6 Components of an Operating System Operating system – part of the computing system that manages all of the hardware and all of the software – Controls every file, device, section of main memory & every nanosecond of processing time Operating system consists of Powered by DeSiaMore • Memory manager • Processor manager • Device manager • File manager 7 Subsystems Must Work With Each Other Powered by DeSiaMore 8 Tasks Performed by Each Subsystem 1. Monitor its resources continuously 2. Enforce the policies that determine who gets what, when and how much 3. Allocate the resource when appropriate 4. Deallocate the resource (reclaim it) when appropriate Powered by DeSiaMore 9 Machine Hardware • Memory chips • Input/output devices (monitor, keyboard, printer) • Storage devices (disks, magnetic tape, card readers, drums) • Central Processing Unit (Arithmetic Logic Unit, registers, internal control, bus control) Powered by DeSiaMore 10 Types of Operating Systems • • • • • • Batch (simple and multi-programmed) Interactive (time-sharing) Real-time systems Hybrid systems (combination of batch and interactive) Parallel (tightly coupled) Distributed (loosely coupled) Powered by DeSiaMore 11 Brief History of Operating Systems Development Second Generation Job scheduling, JCL, faster I/O, buffers, spooling, batch, files 1940 1955 Recent Developments Distributed computing, personal computers, highspeed communication, multi-media 1965 1980 First Generation Third Generation Vacuum tube, single user, early operating systems Shared processing, multiprogramming, virtual memory, DBMS Powered by DeSiaMore 1990 12 Understanding Operating Systems Operating Systems in Practice MS-DOS Operating System Windows 2000 UNIX/Linux Operating System OpenVMS Alpha Operating System IBM OS/390 Operating System Powered by DeSiaMore 13 Additional Information http://events.apple.com.edgesuite.net/aug_2006/event/inde x.html Powered by DeSiaMore 14 Key Terms • • • • • • • • • • batch system central processing unit device manager file manager firmware hardware hybrid system interactive system main memory mainframe Powered by DeSiaMore • • • • • • • • • • • memory manager microcomputer minicomputer multiprocessing networking operating system processor manager real-time system software supercomputer workstation 15