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Weather Vocabulary evaporation the process in which liquid water changes into invisible water vapor/gas condensation the process in which water vapor changes into liquid water precipitation water falling from clouds in any form, such as snow, ice, raindrops, or drizzle water cycle cycle in which water moves through the environment through the processes of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation air pressure the measure of the weight of air pressing down on a given area of Earth’s surface high pressure an area of higher air pressure, generally associated with clear weather low pressure an area of lower air pressure, generally associated with wet or overcast weather predictions to declare in advance temperature a degree of hotness or coldness measured in either Celsius or Fahrenheit scales wind direction the direction from which the wind blows (determined using a weather vane) wind speed how fast the wind is blowing (determined using an anemometer) wind moving air; caused by differences in air pressure cloud cirrus stratus group of tiny liquid droplets hanging in the air wispy, feathery clouds made of ice crystals sheet-like clouds covering the sky cumulus puffy clouds brining fair weather water vapor water in the form of a gas (example – steam) climate the general pattern of weather in a particular place over a long period of time temperate a mid-latitude climate that has seasons tropical storm a tropical cyclone with strong winds that are of less intensity than a hurricane meteorologist a specialist in the science that deals with the atmosphere and the science that deals with weather and weather forecasting graduated cylinder thermometer rain gauge a narrow container used to measure the volume of liquids device used to measure temperature an instrument used to measure precipitation barometer instrument used to measure air pressure humidity amount of moisture in the air moisture atmospheric water vapor (seen as fog or dew) dew point latitude longitude air temperature at which dew will form under certain conditions distance of a place north or south of the equator, affects the temperatures that commonly occur in an area system of imaginary half-circles on Earth’s surface that end at the poles, used to describe position east and west elevation distance of a place above sea level, affects an area’s temperature altitude height above sea level topographic map map that shows the shape and elevation of the land using contour lines, and shows other land features using symbols and colors global winds a wind that blows steadily in the same direction across thousands of kilometers ocean currents flow of water within the ocean that moves in a regular pattern topography shape of the land, can affect the amount of precipitation an area receives air mass front convection large body of air that has about the same temperature and humidity throughout it place where two air masses of different temperatures and pressures meet transfer of heat in a fluid through currents, in which warmer fluid rises and cooler fluid sinks convection cell part of the atmosphere where air moves in a circular pattern because of unequal heating and cooling radiation transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves sea breeze a wind that blows from the sea toward the land land breeze a wind that blows from land toward water solid matter that has a definite shape and volume liquid matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape gas matter that has no definite volume or shape Fahrenheit temperature scale commonly used in the United States; freezing point of water is 32° and boiling point is 212° Celsius temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 0° and the boiling point of water is 100° prevailing wind anemometer hurricane a mid-latitude global wind that blows mostly in one direction instrument to measure wind speed a huge, slowlyspinning tropical storm that forms over water and has winds of at least 119 km/h (74 mph) tornado atmosphere troposphere small, destructive, whirling, fast-moving storm that forms over land layers of air surrounding Earth lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere; nearly all weather takes place here