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River Valley Civilizations
Characteristics of Civilizations
 Cities
 Centralized
government, law codes,
organized religion
 System of writing
 Specialized jobs – Division of Labor
 Social Class Structure
 Advanced Technology
Four Early River Valleys
How did they become civilizations?
Neolithic Revolution – domestication of
plants & animals
 Organized Farming & village life
 Food Surplus was created led to
specialization of labor
 Growth in population
 Creation of complex socieites requiring
complex institutions which governed large
scale projects like irrigation
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Population Growth & Development
of Civilizations
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Iron Age = new farms tools = food surplus
Farming and Pastoral Nomads replaced huntergatherers
Domesticated animals = beasts of burden =
food surplus
Increased, healthier population living closer
together in new urban areas
Increased immunities based on close proximity
& better health
Population Growth & Development
of Civilizations
Cultural connections increased through
new trade routes
 Developments of empires
 Development of Writing systems to record
taxes to pay for expanded governments
 Development of great road building
projects to encourage trade, uniform
coinage, uniform weights & measurements
(Lydian's & Persians)
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Introducing Mesopotamia:
(foundations)
Jereme Monette
 [email protected]
 Plant City High School
 Hillsborough County, Florida.

Mesopotamia - Persia
For early Civilizations “Rivers Deliver”…
Why are rivers essential for them?
Mesopotamia:
“Land between the rivers”
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Technology helps
Mesopotamian societies
thrive (How?)
Dikes and canals help
tame floods
 Agricultural technologies
lead to food surplus
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The Sumerian Civilization - the
beginning of the whole “Mess”
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Develop cuneiform as a system of writing (Impact?)
– Record laws, treaties, social & political customs…
– Via trade, written language spreads to other Civs.
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Develop 12 month calendar and use geometry to
develop arches and columns.
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Polytheistic religion using Ziggurats to worship Gods.
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Fell to invaders, but the culture did not die (why?)
cuneiform
Ziggurats
Akkadians, then Babylonians, then
Hitties, then… bla bla bla.
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The Akkadians develop the first known code of
laws using Sumerian Cuneiform.
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The Babylonian King Hammurabi developed the
Code of Hammurabi (impact?)
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Babylonian bronze weapons fall to the Hittite’s
iron weapons that fall to the Assyrian’s stronger
iron that fall to the Chaldean King
Nebuchadnezzar who rebuilds Babylon and falls
to the Persains.
Code of Hammurabi
What language would the code of Hammurabi be in?
Persians:
Biggest and Best of the “Mess”
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The Great Royal Road connects Persia to
the word (why?)
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The Lydians (coin money), Phoenicians
(alphabet), and Hebrews (Judaism).
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Name 6 major contributions of the early
Mesopotamian civs.
Describe how each society changes and
cultures are preserved.
Early River Civilizations: EGYPT
3000BCE
 Egyptian Science and Technology
1. Irrigation – water from Nile
River (god) to grow wheat & other
foods
2. Preserving the human body
after death through mummification
3. Physicians diagnose illness &
perform brain & body surgery
Egyptian Science and
Technology
Accurate calendar
 Hieroglyphics: system of writing called
 Advanced mathematical geometry &
engineering skills in the creation of the
pyramids
 irrigation
systems
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 Monarchy
– Kingdom/Empire
 Pharaoh God/King
 Dynasty – ruling family
EGYPT
 Polytheistic
 Advances in medicine, math, calendars,
irrigation, cosmetics, mummification,
building & architecture, pyramids, jewelry,
metal work
 Social Class Structure: Pharaoh,
Priest/Nobles, merchants/artisans (Middle
Class), peasants, slaves
Ancient Egypt
MESOPOTAMIA – FERTILE
CRESCENT
Sumerians 1st Civilization: 1st to build
wheeled vehicles - 3500 BCE
 built irrigation systems, dykes, and canals
for better farming
 Cuneiform system of writing – 1st
 Sumerian- algebra and geometry
 Sumerian: - city-states, Preist/Kings
polytheistic,
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India
 2500BCE:
First cultivation of rice, cotton
and tea
 built ships, navigated seas, international
commerce (Indian Ocean & overland)
 well-planned towns, rectangular patterns
 Art -copper, bronze, and pottery, including
a large collection of terra-cotta toys
 two-storied and spacious, lined the town
streets; they had drainage systems that
led into brick-lined sewers
Ancient India
Social Class Structure:
Caste System:
Brahmana (priests),
Kshatriya (warriors),
Vaishya (traders and
agriculturists), and
Shudra (workers).
Person's occupation or Sanskrit:
writing system
group depended upon
birth
 Shang
Early China
Dynasty: 2000BCE system of
writing pictographs - drawings of
objects ideographs – thought or idea
 Oracle Bone early writing:
 Zhou Dynasty:
Mandate of Heaven
rise & fall of dynasties
 Qin Dynasty: Shi huangdi new technologies warfare, cavalry,
Legalism – you will obey orders!
Burned Confucian books
 Qin
Ancient China
China: standardized the
language and writing of China
 currency became standardized
circular copper coin
 Great Wall built
in north to
protect China
 Roads and
irrigation canals
built –Burned books
Legacies of River Valleys
Expanded populations & urbanization
 New networks – roads & trade routes
lined, sea routes
 Established systems of government, laws,
& religion
 Established patterns of culture & cultural
diffusion
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