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APPENDIX II TEACHER GUIDANCE MATERIAL FOR KEY STAGE 3 – LEARNING OBJECTIVE 4: WORLD RELIGIONS Exemplar framework for studying world religions. Pupils should be given an introduction to two world religions other than Christianity in order to develop sensitivity towards the religious beliefs, practices and lifestyles of people of other religions in Northern Ireland. Bahá’í (a) Origins The beginning of the religion Key Figures (b) Beliefs God Life (c) Sacred Writings and Symbols Sacred Writings (d) Worship and Prayer Prayer Leaders Pilgrimage (e) Feasts and festivals Main Festivals (f) Family Life (g) Ceremonies, Birth to Death Persia in 1844 Siyyid Ali Muhammed Shirazi (the Báb) Bahá’u’lláh God is revealed to humanity through Divine manifestations which include Abraham, Buddha, Jesus, Krishna as well as the Báb and Bahá’u’lláh The unity of the world religions The oneness of humanity The equality of men and women Individuals are responsible for investigating the truth. The most Holy Book The book of Certitude The Hidden Words The Seven Valleys Bahá’ís pray each day usually at home No clergy The shrine of the Báb on Mount Carmel in Israel Nine major holy days Nineteen fast days Bahá’í beliefs would strongly support the sacredness of family life and the importance of the community. Cultural influences apply 73 Buddhism (a) Origins The beginning of the religion India 6th century BCE Key figures Siddhartha Gautama - the Buddha Main Traditions Mahayana and Theravada (b) Beliefs God Life (c) Sacred Writings and Symbols Language Sacred Writings Symbols (d) Worship and Prayer Places Leaders Prayer Rituals Pilgrimage (e) Feasts and Festivals Main Festivals (f) Family Life Diet Dress (g) Ceremonies, Birth to Death Birth Coming of Age Marriage Death Buddhism is a non-theistic religion. Buddhists do not believe in a creator God The Four Noble Truths help followers to attain enlightenment and freedom from suffering. Eightfold Path Rebirth Karma (actions) Pali (in Sri Lanka) Tripitkas Lotus flower Home and in Monasteries No hierarchy of priests. Individuals and communities have a teacher or Lama Meditation and Contemplation Monasteries and Holy places Saga Dawa(Buddha’s birth) Birth of His Holiness the Dalai Lama Vegetarian (harm no living thing) Monks have a distinctive form of dress Buddhists believe that everything human is constantly changing. The never-ending cycle of birth, life and death is called samsara. Release from samsara is nirvana 74 Hinduism (a) Origins The beginning of the religion Key figures (b) Beliefs God Life (c) Sacred Writings Language Sacred Writings Symbols (d) Worship and Prayer Places World’s oldest religion Originated in India 5000 years ago (approx) No known founder or prophets One supreme God Many manifestations of God both male and female e.g. Krishna Rama and Shiva Belief in Reincarnation The caste system The sacredness of all living things Sanscrit Four Vedas Bhagavad Gita Sacred AUM (ohm) Home and Temple Leaders Brahmin priests Prayer Rituals Chanting Mantras, Incense Offerings, Puja Pilgrimage Many sites of pilgrimage throughout India e.g. Benares and the river Ganges (e) Feasts and Festivals Main Festivals (f) Family Life Diet Dress (g) Ceremonies, Birth to Death Birth Divali (festival of light) Holi (spring festival) Many Hindus are strictly vegetarian Many dress in traditional Indian style (no religious significance) Name giving on the 11th /12th day after birth Marriage Wedding ceremony is a religious ceremony full of symbolism Death Cremation within 24 hours 75 Islam (a) Origins The beginning of the religion Key Figures (b) Beliefs God Life (c) Sacred Writings Language Sacred Writings Sacred Symbols (d) Worship and Prayer Places Leaders Prayer Rituals Pilgrimage (e) Feasts and Festival Main Festivals (f) Family Life Diet Dress (g) Ceremonies, Birth to Death Birth Marriage Death Makka (Mecca) circa 600BCE Muhammed There is one God (Allah) and Muhammed is his prophet Belief in angels Belief in the prophets The Five Pillars of Islam There is one God (Shahada) Pray five times a day (Salah) Give alms to the poor (Zakah) Fasting (Sawm) Pilgrimage (Hajj). Arabic The Qur’an The crescent moon and star (Muslims follow a lunar calendar) The Mosque and the home The Imam The Friday prayer in the Mosque To Mecca at least once in a lifetime Ramadan (the month of fasting) Eid al Fitr (the end of Ramadan) Eid al Adha (the end of the Hajj) Strict food laws (Halal) Forbidden Foods (Haram) include pork and alcohol Muslim women and girls dress modestly and keep their heads covered. Words of the Qur’an whispered in the baby’s ear Child named and first hair cut at seven days old Circumcision at four years old Woman keeps her own family name Burial within one day facing Mecca 76 Judaism (a) Origins The beginning of the religion Key figures (b) Beliefs God Living (c) Scared Writings Language Sacred Writings Symbols (d) Worship and Prayer Places Leaders Prayer Prayer Rituals Pilgrimage (e) Feasts and Festivals Main Feasts (f) Family Life Diet Dress (g) Ceremonies, Birth to Death Birth Coming of Age Marriage Death God’s call to Abraham Abraham Isaac Jacob Moses One God (expressed in the Shema prayer) God’s relationship with the Jewish people Ten Commandments Torah (the law) Hebrew The Torah The Prophets The Star of David Menorah Synagogue Home Rabbi Saturday (Shabbat) in the Synagogue At home three times daily Men wear special artifacts of prayer To Jerusalem (the Western Wall) Sabbath (Shabbat) Passover (Pesach) Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) New Year (Rosh Hashana) Festival of Light (Hanukka) Strict dietary laws (Kosher) Dress laws associated with ultra orthodox Jews (Hasidim) Circumcision Bar/Bat Mitzvah Canopy Khaddish prayer Burial within 24 hours. 77 Sikkhism (a) Origins The beginning of the Religion Key Figures (b) Beliefs God Life (c) Sacred Writings and Symbols Sacred Writings Symbols (d) Worship and prayer Places Leaders Prayer Rituals Pilgrimage (e) Feasts and Festivals Main festivals (f) Family Life Diet Dress (g) Ceremonies Birth Coming of Age Marriage India 15th Century Guru Nanek (1469-1538) Ten Gurus Guru Gobind Singh (10th Gugu) Sikks believe in one God Salvation comes from God’s grace Live a truthful life Share time and wealth with the community Guru Granth Sahib (book of Guru) Five symbols Kesh (hair) Kanga (comb) Kirpan (sword) Kaccha (shorts) Kara (bracelet) Home and temple (Gurdwara) Granthi (trained reader of scripture) Daily prayer Weekly prayer (usually Sunday) followed by the Holy Meal in the Gurdwara Golden Temple at Amritsar Baisakhi (new year) Divali (festival of light) Hola Mohalla Vegetarian as for Hindu No alcohol or drugs The Five Ks are significant. Adult males have long hair, a beard and they wear a turban Child presented with some symbols Male child must begin to grow his hair Marriage is a religious ceremony in the Gurdwara 78