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APPENDIX II
TEACHER GUIDANCE MATERIAL FOR KEY STAGE 3 –
LEARNING OBJECTIVE 4: WORLD RELIGIONS
Exemplar framework for studying world religions. Pupils should be given an
introduction to two world religions other than Christianity in order to develop
sensitivity towards the religious beliefs, practices and lifestyles of people of other
religions in Northern Ireland.
Bahá’í
(a) Origins
The beginning
of the religion
Key Figures
(b) Beliefs
God
Life
(c) Sacred Writings
and Symbols
Sacred Writings
(d) Worship and Prayer
Prayer
Leaders
Pilgrimage
(e) Feasts and festivals
Main Festivals
(f) Family Life
(g) Ceremonies,
Birth to Death
Persia in 1844
Siyyid Ali Muhammed Shirazi (the Báb)
Bahá’u’lláh
God is revealed to humanity through Divine
manifestations which include Abraham, Buddha,
Jesus, Krishna as well as the Báb and Bahá’u’lláh
The unity of the world religions
The oneness of humanity
The equality of men and women
Individuals are responsible for investigating the truth.
The most Holy Book
The book of Certitude
The Hidden Words
The Seven Valleys
Bahá’ís pray each day usually at home
No clergy
The shrine of the Báb on Mount Carmel in Israel
Nine major holy days
Nineteen fast days
Bahá’í beliefs would strongly support the sacredness
of family life and the importance of the community.
Cultural influences apply
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Buddhism
(a) Origins
The beginning of
the religion
India 6th century BCE
Key figures
Siddhartha Gautama - the Buddha
Main Traditions
Mahayana and Theravada
(b) Beliefs
God
Life
(c) Sacred Writings
and Symbols
Language
Sacred Writings
Symbols
(d) Worship and Prayer
Places
Leaders
Prayer Rituals
Pilgrimage
(e) Feasts and Festivals
Main Festivals
(f) Family Life
Diet
Dress
(g) Ceremonies,
Birth to Death
Birth
Coming of Age
Marriage
Death
Buddhism is a non-theistic religion. Buddhists do not
believe in a creator God
The Four Noble Truths help followers to attain
enlightenment and freedom from suffering.
Eightfold Path
Rebirth
Karma (actions)
Pali (in Sri Lanka)
Tripitkas
Lotus flower
Home and in Monasteries
No hierarchy of priests. Individuals and communities
have a teacher or Lama
Meditation and Contemplation
Monasteries and Holy places
Saga Dawa(Buddha’s birth)
Birth of His Holiness the Dalai Lama
Vegetarian (harm no living thing)
Monks have a distinctive form of dress
Buddhists believe that everything human is constantly
changing. The never-ending cycle of birth, life and
death is called samsara.
Release from samsara is nirvana
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Hinduism
(a) Origins
The beginning of the
religion
Key figures
(b) Beliefs
God
Life
(c) Sacred Writings
Language
Sacred Writings
Symbols
(d) Worship and Prayer
Places
World’s oldest religion
Originated in India 5000 years ago (approx)
No known founder or prophets
One supreme God
Many manifestations of God both male and female
e.g. Krishna Rama and Shiva
Belief in Reincarnation
The caste system
The sacredness of all living things
Sanscrit
Four Vedas
Bhagavad Gita
Sacred AUM (ohm)
Home and Temple
Leaders
Brahmin priests
Prayer Rituals
Chanting Mantras, Incense Offerings, Puja
Pilgrimage
Many sites of pilgrimage throughout India
e.g. Benares and the river Ganges
(e) Feasts and Festivals
Main Festivals
(f) Family Life
Diet
Dress
(g) Ceremonies,
Birth to Death
Birth
Divali (festival of light)
Holi (spring festival)
Many Hindus are strictly vegetarian
Many dress in traditional Indian style
(no religious significance)
Name giving on the 11th /12th day after birth
Marriage
Wedding ceremony is a religious ceremony full
of symbolism
Death
Cremation within 24 hours
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Islam
(a) Origins
The beginning of
the religion
Key Figures
(b) Beliefs
God
Life
(c) Sacred Writings
Language
Sacred Writings
Sacred Symbols
(d) Worship and Prayer
Places
Leaders
Prayer Rituals
Pilgrimage
(e) Feasts and Festival
Main Festivals
(f) Family Life
Diet
Dress
(g) Ceremonies,
Birth to Death
Birth
Marriage
Death
Makka (Mecca) circa 600BCE
Muhammed
There is one God (Allah) and Muhammed is
his prophet
Belief in angels
Belief in the prophets
The Five Pillars of Islam
There is one God (Shahada)
Pray five times a day (Salah)
Give alms to the poor (Zakah)
Fasting (Sawm)
Pilgrimage (Hajj).
Arabic
The Qur’an
The crescent moon and star (Muslims follow a
lunar calendar)
The Mosque and the home
The Imam
The Friday prayer in the Mosque
To Mecca at least once in a lifetime
Ramadan (the month of fasting)
Eid al Fitr (the end of Ramadan)
Eid al Adha (the end of the Hajj)
Strict food laws (Halal)
Forbidden Foods (Haram) include pork and alcohol
Muslim women and girls dress modestly and keep
their heads covered.
Words of the Qur’an whispered in the baby’s ear
Child named and first hair cut at seven days old
Circumcision at four years old
Woman keeps her own family name
Burial within one day facing Mecca
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Judaism
(a) Origins
The beginning of
the religion
Key figures
(b) Beliefs
God
Living
(c) Scared Writings
Language
Sacred Writings
Symbols
(d) Worship and Prayer
Places
Leaders
Prayer
Prayer Rituals
Pilgrimage
(e) Feasts and Festivals
Main Feasts
(f) Family Life
Diet
Dress
(g) Ceremonies,
Birth to Death
Birth
Coming of Age
Marriage
Death
God’s call to Abraham
Abraham
Isaac
Jacob
Moses
One God (expressed in the Shema prayer)
God’s relationship with the Jewish people
Ten Commandments
Torah (the law)
Hebrew
The Torah
The Prophets
The Star of David
Menorah
Synagogue
Home
Rabbi
Saturday (Shabbat) in the Synagogue
At home three times daily
Men wear special artifacts of prayer
To Jerusalem (the Western Wall)
Sabbath (Shabbat)
Passover (Pesach)
Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur)
New Year (Rosh Hashana)
Festival of Light (Hanukka)
Strict dietary laws (Kosher)
Dress laws associated with ultra orthodox Jews
(Hasidim)
Circumcision
Bar/Bat Mitzvah
Canopy
Khaddish prayer
Burial within 24 hours.
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Sikkhism
(a) Origins
The beginning of
the Religion
Key Figures
(b) Beliefs
God
Life
(c) Sacred Writings
and Symbols
Sacred Writings
Symbols
(d) Worship and prayer
Places
Leaders
Prayer Rituals
Pilgrimage
(e) Feasts and Festivals
Main festivals
(f) Family Life
Diet
Dress
(g) Ceremonies
Birth
Coming of Age
Marriage
India 15th Century
Guru Nanek (1469-1538)
Ten Gurus
Guru Gobind Singh (10th Gugu)
Sikks believe in one God
Salvation comes from God’s grace
Live a truthful life
Share time and wealth with the community
Guru Granth Sahib (book of Guru)
Five symbols
Kesh (hair)
Kanga (comb)
Kirpan (sword)
Kaccha (shorts)
Kara (bracelet)
Home and temple (Gurdwara)
Granthi (trained reader of scripture)
Daily prayer
Weekly prayer (usually Sunday) followed by the
Holy Meal in the Gurdwara
Golden Temple at Amritsar
Baisakhi (new year)
Divali (festival of light)
Hola Mohalla
Vegetarian as for Hindu
No alcohol or drugs
The Five Ks are significant.
Adult males have long hair, a beard and they wear
a turban
Child presented with some symbols
Male child must begin to grow his hair
Marriage is a religious ceremony in the Gurdwara
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