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Lnatomy & Physiology 1 (101 - 806) Paul Anderson Lab Exercise #4: Anatomy & Histology of the Digestive System page 17
"art III
Histology of The Alimentary Canal
Before looking at prepared slides fill in the blanks below. Refer to figures 9 - 12 and your textbook for help.
All parts of the alimentary canal (from esophagus have the same four layers (see figure 9).
i.e. mucosa
submucosa muscularis serosa
The first layer (or ML# OOS'& ) consists of epithelium which covers connective tissue (I CLM fn 0muscle layer MuS C" lat- !',@ mu4,c54).
9) and a thin
a. The functions of the mucosa are:
• protection (from self digestion and from invasion by microorganisms)
• secretion of mucus (by all regions and of enzymes (by the stomach and small intestine) • absorption (in stomach,
small and large intestines)
hormone secretion by the stomach and small intestine.reception of stimuli (by mucosal receptors on all regions).
b. The mucosa is specialized in certain regions for specific functions which gives the wall a distinctive appearance
(see figure 9).
C.
In the stomach CAS-Mic- pits form microscopic openings to CrO-S@7RJc glands which secrete aiEVic- -Juice.
d. Inthesmallintestine Vii-ill
and microvilli form n-dcroscopic extensions of the P%gCc's4 layer which
increases the surface area (300 m2) for the function of @UOUW
intestinal Q @,gvj
(also called crypts of LieberkWu-i secrete
juice.
Anatomy & Physiology 1 (101 - 806) Paul Anderson Lab Exercise #4: Anatomy & Histology of the Digestive System page 18
3. The submucosa is a layer of connective tissue which:
a. contains larger blood and lymphatic vessels which service the mucosa
b. contains Meissner's nerw- plexus which helps control mechanical digestion c. contains -Ly-,4
10,H nodes in the small and large intestines (Peyer's Patches) which provide protection
d. secretes mucus in the J@40-b?j44via Briinner's glands,
4. The muscularis is a double muscle layer consisting of S th DC) TIY muscle (except in pharynx upper esophagus
and anal regions where skeletal muscle exists). The muscularis consists of two layers:
• aninner-CIkW(-/@A
layer (contraction causes constriction and lengthening). • an outer tOfA rilt@biA4lAayer
(contraction causes dilation and shortening).
a. The functions of the muscularis are
0 mechanical digestion
separation of adjacent regions of the alimentary canal via sphincter muscles or valves and control of fluid (chyme)
movement between these regions. elimination (defecation)
b. Valves or Sphincters
Poe ,R
• hypopharyngeal (esophageal) between pharynx and esophagus • pyloric between 5-T4tVic4Y and
• sphincter of Oddi between W @-@@d C074M
boc7 • ileocecal between i ILt
li'
q_ and CECL4/4
• anal (-LrQ2Piivit- ) smooth muscle and F,?gb@,v& (skeletal muscle) • cc
, yen I @_c A e@fw Q_p pL E 3 #q q3,
[cM,# c-lq
Anatomy & Physiology 1 (101 - 806) Paul Anderson Lab Exercise #4: Anatomy & Histology of the Digestive System page 18
3. The submucosa is a layer of connective tissue which:
a. contains larger blood and lymphatic vessels which service the mucosa
b. contains Meissner's nerw- plexus which helps control mechanical digestion c. contains -Ly-,4
10,H nodes in the small and large intestines (Peyer's Patches) which provide protection
d. secretes mucus in the J@40-b?j44via Briinner's glands,
4. The muscularis is a double muscle layer consisting of S th DC) TIY muscle (except in pharynx upper esophagus
and anal regions where skeletal muscle exists). The muscularis consists of two layers:
• aninner-CIkW(-/@A
layer (contraction causes constriction and lengthening). • an outer tOfA rilt@biA4lAayer
(contraction causes dilation and shortening).
a. The functions of the muscularis are
0 mechanical digestion
separation of adjacent regions of the alimentary canal via sphincter muscles or valves and control of fluid (chyme)
movement between these regions. elimination (defecation)
b. Valves or Sphincters
Poe ,R
• hypopharyngeal (esophageal) between pharynx and esophagus • pyloric between 5-T4tVic4Y and
• sphincter of Oddi between W @-@@d C074M
boc7 • ileocecal between i ILt
li'
q_ and CECL4/4
• anal (-LrQ2Piivit- ) smooth muscle and F,?gb@,v& (skeletal muscle) • cc
, yen I @_c A e@fw Q_p pL E 3 #q q3,
[cM,# c-lq
Anatomy & Physiology 1 (101 - 806) Paul Anderson
Lab Exercise #4: Anatomy & Histology of the Digestive System
page 19
5. The
(or visceral peritoneum) is an outer serous membrane which covers digestive organs; it protects
them and is continuous with:
the mesentery and mesocolon the omenta
the parietal peritoneum
Anatomy & Physiology 1 (101 - 806) Paul Anderson
Lab Exercise #4: Anatomy & Histology of the Digestive System
page 19
5. The
(or visceral peritoneum) is an outer serous membrane which covers digestive organs; it protects
them and is continuous with:
the mesentery and mesocolon the omenta
the parietal peritoneum