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Can you guess who invented the following? Geography • China is located on the continent of Asia. • The climate in ancient China includes seasons similar to those in North America. • The ancient Chinese fished, farmed, and irrigated the land. There is a variety of plant life in China. • The land in ancient China consists of forests, hills, mountains, and deserts. • http://www.fcps.edu/KingsParkES/technology/an cient/china.htm Yangtze River • The Yangtze (Long River) • third longest river in the world – It is about 4000 miles long. • It floods each year and leaves fertile soil along the banks. • has high banks, which keeps homes safe from the annual flooding The Huang He • • • • The Huang He (Yellow River) about 3000 miles long It also floods each year. The banks along the Huang He River are low. • Civilization in ancient China began along the Yellow River about 5000 years ago. The Great Sorrow • People called all rivers in China by the nickname "The Great Sorrow". • Each year during the flood season, all homes along the Huang He River were destroyed. • The ancient Chinese had to rebuild their homes and their lives. • People learned the techniques of flood control. The rich began to build their homes high above the river. Chinese Civilization Begins • Approximately 4,500 B.C.E. • Began settling into farming villages along the Huang He River, then along the Yangtze River • People tamed animals – Used to provide food – Helped with farming Chinese Civilization Begins cont. • Used irrigation • Used bronze and copper tools • Silk (a major resource in China) also was developed. • Writing system existed Dynasties • • • • Dynasties- a succession of rulers in the same family Rule was passed down from father to son. Dynasties lasted for hundreds of years. Dynasties – – – – – – – Xia (Hsia) Shang Chou (Zhou) Late Chou Ch'in (Qin) Han T'ang Ancient China Cheat Sheet Early Period -10,000 – 1,500 B.C.E. -Xia Dynasty -Silk -Baked brick houses -Flood control and irrigation Bronze Age -1,500 – 600 B.C.E. -Shang and Chou Dynasties -Chinese writing -Mandate of Heaven -chariots -bronze Classical Age -600 B.C.E. – 200 C.E. -Late Chou, Ch’in, and Han Dynasties -Confucius -Taoism -Great Wall Ancient China Cheat Sheet cont. Age of Division -200 – 600 C.E. -A bunch of dynasties -Invention of gunpowder -Tea first started to be enjoyed Early Medieval Period -600 – 900 C.E. -T’ang dynasty -Called the Golden Age -Buddhism -“Tea and Horse” policy -Many inventions during this time Religion • • • • • Believed appointed rulers were gods Mandate of Heaven Based on four principles: The right to rule is granted by Heaven. There is only one Heaven therefore there can be only one ruler. • The right to rule is based on the virtue of the ruler. • The right to rule is not limited to one dynasty. Confucius • • • • Born in China about 2,500 years ago Teacher and thinker Developed system of ethics Taught people how to behave and how to get along • Stressed need of family and state • Philosophy called Confucianism Buddhism • A religion based on the teachings of Buddha • Teaches that desire causes pain • To get rid of pain, a person must overcome desire and attachment to things of this earth. – Person must meditate and follow Eightfold Path Four Noble Truths/Eightfold Path • Four Noble Truths- life is ruled by four truths – Life is filled with suffering. – Suffering is caused by people’s wants. – Suffering can be ended if people stop wanting things. • Eightfold Path- 8 laws to stop people from wanting things Eightfold Path • • • • • • • • To know the truth To intend to resist evil To not say anything to hurt others To respect life, property, and morality To work at a job that does not injure others To try to free one’s mind from evil To be in control of one’s feelings and thoughts To practice appropriate forms of concentration Taoism • Tao (pronounced Dow) means “The Way (to happiness) • Taoism is NOT a religion. • Philosophy- way of looking at life and a way of thinking about things • Taoists believe if you look at life and think about things in the right way, you’ll be much happier. Taoism cont. • Think of the story of The Ugly Duckling – When does the duckling stop feeling ugly? – When he recognizes who he really is, which would be a beautiful swan. – He finds his way to happiness. Great Wall • built over 2,000 years ago by Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of China during the Qin (Ch'in) Dynasty (221 B.C - 206 B.C.). • About 5,000 km long • Built as a form of defense from nomadic groups and invaders Silk Road • Not actually a road- a route that led from China to Rome • 4,000 miles long • Rome had gold, silver, and precious gems. • China had silk, spices, and ivory. • Ideas also traveled along the Silk Road; ideas that affected everyone. Silk Road continued • Romans were in the search of “the Silk People”. • Sent people on the search • Routes were dangerous- faced desolate white-hot sand dunes in the desert, forbidding mountains, brutal winds, and poisonous snakes. Chinese Inventions • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Paper Silk Matches Wheelbarrows Gunpowder the decimal system the waterwheel tangrams Medicines Dominoes jump rope Kites tea ceremony Folding umbrella Ink Calligraphy • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Sundial Astronomy porcelain china lacquer paint pottery Fireworks paper money Compass Seismograph Cards Printing Abacus Wallpaper the crossbow ice cream • THE BIG MYTH