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Freshwater Invertebrates Dragonflies – Order Odonata Damselflies – Order Odonata Libellula lydia Common Whitetail Skimmer • wings are marked with bands or spots wings held out to sides • • larval stage has globular body larvae mainly found in standing water • • luresext.ed u clear wings held together over adult body at rest wings often stalked at base larvae have long, slender bodies three flat, elongate gills project from the rear of the abdomen larvae often found in streams True Bugs – Order Hemiptera Family Corixidae Familiy Notonectidae Sigara alternate - Water Boatman (Corixids) Notonecta undulate – • hind legs oar-like with Back Swimmer • • • • swimming hairs carry an air bubble below the water surface for breathing dried and sold as bird and fish food somewhat tolerant of pollution and salt tends to be confused with Back Swimmer • • • luresext.ed u • • • • • luresext.ed u True bugs characterized by: • basal portion of forewings hardened • posterior portion of forewings membranous • hind wings membranous • sucking mouth parts • strong flies unlike beetles swims upside down, upper side light colored hind legs are oar-like and covered with swimming hairs breathe by breaking the water surface with the abdomen tip common in ponds and other standing water Beetles – Order Coleoptera • Enallagma basidens – Double-striped Bluet adult with hardened forewings providing protective cover for hindwings and abdomen during flight forewings held at sides while hindwings power the flight strong mandibles for pinching and then sucking can fly underwater larvae worm-like, and for aquatic beetles, are called Water Tigers Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Coleoptera Freshwater Invertebrates Midge/Chironomids – Order Diptera Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Diptera Family: Chironomidae midges, (smidges), non-biting gnats • • • • • • • • • • larval stage = small, slender, slightly curved body (c-shaped) hardened head capsule sometimes has a brush-like structure at rear midge family has 100 genera and 670 species perhaps most important food item for fish and other aquatic animals some species are red due to haemoglobin in blood. These are known as Blood Worms (Chironomus sp.) hemoglobin allows larvae to live under anaerobic conditions bloodworms live in highly polluted, eutrophic waters have adapted to nearly every aquatic environment (including electroplating wastes and crude oil) sometimes larvae are found in a little tube like a sleeping bag, a mound of silt, or case made of pebbles like a caddisfly one pair wings • • Oligochaete Worms: Other Diptera: True Flies fcps.edu insect-zone.blogspot.com whatsthatbug.com ecospark.ca arctic.uoguelph.ca Crane Flies • look like giant mosquitoes • wingspan of three inches • legs twice as long as body • larvae wormlike 1/2 inch to three inches long • spiracles on the end which look like tentacles, are used to breathe. adults occur in large swarms, usually in the evening, in sunbeams, mate within swarm swarms make a humming sound Horse Flies/Deer Flies • female adult has sharp bite • larvae breathe through siphon at posterior end • small head and 11 to 12 additional segments • larvae eat other larvae, crustaceans, worms • pupae may have visible legs and wings segmented worms larva • • pupa • body is segmented each segment after the first has bundles of tiny hairs (chaetae) Includes earthworms, redworms, aquatic oligochaetes larva pupae Crustaceans Gammarus tigerus Amphipods: (Scuds/Sideswimmers) crustaceans that are laterally flattened • brackish water or fresh • 1-2 mm long • white or clear body with many segments • 7 pair of legs • 2 pair of antennae • head fused to thorax Characteristics of Crustaceans: • body is segmented • exoskeleton is hard or rubbery • head has two compound eyes, two pairs of antennae, and three pairs of mouthparts • abdominal segments have swimmerets (swimming legs) • other crustaceans include crabs, crayfish, shrimps flussnetzwerke.nrw.de Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Crustacea Class: Malacostraca Order: Amphipoda Otrocods: Seed Shrimp • small crustaceans 1 mm long • bodies flattened • clam-like shell • live on upper layer of sediment • marine, brackish, or fresh • carnivores, herbivores, scavengers, filter feeders