Download Introduction to animals

Warm UP – Dec. 10
• Xylem transports ______________ up and
Phloem transports ____________down.
Introduction to
animals
Characteristics of Animals
• All multicellular
• Eukaryotes (cells with
nucleus & organelles)
• Ingestive heterotrophs
(take in food and
internally digest it)
• This is the last of the 6 kingdoms:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protist
Fungus
Plant
Animal
Classification
• Animals are classified
using:
– Symmetry
– Organization
• ACTOOO
• Atom, Cell, Tissue,
Organ, Organ system,
Organism
– Coelm – body cavity
– Digestive system
– Segmentation
Symmetry
• Symmetrical
– Organized
– Number of cut planes with mirror
images
• Ex. Radial - round
• Asymmetrical
– No organized shape
– No mirror images
• Radial Symmetry
– balanced arrangement of body parts
or shapes around a central point or
axis
• Bilateral Symmetry
– body is divided into equivalent right
and left halves by only one plane
Organization
•
•
•
•
•
•
Atom
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
Coelm
• Cavity formed in
some animals
– Some have it
– Some don’t
• Functions
– Can serve as a
skeleton
– Can move fluids
• Ex. blood
– Place where internal
organs form
Digestive System
• Openings
– Some have none
• Ex. Sponges –
diffuse food
– Some have one
• Serves as both
mouth and anus
• Can’t eat and poop
at same time. 
– Some have two
• Ex. Worms
• Best way! Can eat
when pooping! 
Examples
Segmentation
• Repetitive body parts
• Lots of animals have this, but not
always obvious
WOW!
Embryonic Development
Invertebrates vs. Vertebrates
• No backbone or
vertebral column
– Sponges
– Mollusks
• clams
– Worms
– Arthropods
• Crickets
• Horseshoe crabs
– Oldest living arthropod
• Spiders (2 part body & 4
pair of walking legs)
• Insects (3 part body)
• Vertebral column
• Chordates (Hollow
nerve chord)
– Fish
– Amphibians
• Double life (water as
larva and land as adult)
– Frogs
– Salamanders
– Reptiles
• Dry,scaly skin and
terrestrial eggs
– Birds
INVERTEBRATES
Phylum Arthropoda
• Means “jointed legs”
• Insects, crabs, spiders, barnacles
– 80 % are insects
• Exoskeleton
– Made of chitin
• Segmented
– Few segments – very specialized
• Circulatory system with blood and
heart
Phylum Annelida
• Means “repetitive body parts”
• Segmented worms, leeches,
earthworms
• Marine and terrestrial
• Segmented bodies
• Long tubular bodies
Phylum Mollusca
• Means “hard shell, soft body”
• Oysters, clams, snails, slugs, squid,
octopus
• NO segmentation
• Well developed eyes
• Well developed circulatory system
• Nervous system w/ brain
Phylum Echinodermata
• Means “spiny skin”
• Starfish, brittle-stars,
sea urchins, sea
cucumbers
• ONLY marine
• Radial symmetry
• NO circulatory system
• NO respiratory system
• Waste removal by
diffusion
• Simple nervous sytem
(NO brain)
Phylum Nematoda
• Means “round worms”
• Roundworms,
hookworms, pinworms
• Bilateral symmetry
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wzCq7
Dmc4g
Cnidarians
“Stinging cells”
• Means “stinging
cells”
• Radial symmetry
• Soft bodies
• Carnivorous
• Stinging cells
arranged in circles
around their
mouths
Phylum Porifera
Sponges
•
•
•
•
•
•
Means “porous”
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
NO cell walls
Asymmetry
Contain a few specialized cells
Platyhelmenthes
“Flatworms”
•
•
•
•
•
•
Means “Flatworm”
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Have internal organs
Bilateral symmetry
Cephalization
Vertebrates
Animals with backbones
There are 5 vertebrate groups
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Birds
Amphibians (frogs, newts)
Reptiles (lizards and snakes)
Fish
Mammals (humans, rats…)
BARF M
Frog skeleton
Snake - skeleton
Lizard - skeleton
Bird - skeleton
Fish - skeleton
Human skeleton
Bat - skeleton
Dog - skeleton
Dolphin - skeleton
Dinosaur – fossil skeleton
X – ray of rat
X-ray of lizard
X-ray - Frog
X-ray of human spine
X-ray of fish
Phylum Chordata
•
•
•
•
•
•
Means SPINAL CHORD
Vertebrates and others
Notochord (stiffening rod)
Dorsal, hollow nerve chord
Gill slits (throat region)
Post anal tail
Marsupials
– eg. The Kangaroo, which is a non-placental mammal.
Here, the development of the young is very
complex, and a baby kangaroo is born very
underdeveloped and must crawl into the mother’s
pouch and latch onto a nipple to receive milk to
continue development.
Kangaroo Birth
17 Weeks