Download 5 Themes of Geography Lesson Plan

TABLE OF CONTENTS
LOCATION
p.1
PLACE
p.7
HUMAN/ENVIRONMENT
INTERACTION
p.13
MOVEMENT
p.19
REGIONS
p.25
Linking News with
Latitude and
Longitude
p. 2
Pro Sports and
Geography
p.3
Around the World
p.4
Look at the State
I’m In
p.5
Design a Country
p.6
Mystery Postcards
p.8
Then and Now
p.14
Going to Church
p. 20
A Regional
Dilemma
p.26
Weather Report
p.9
Pack Your Bags
p.15
Geo Poem
p.27
In Your Place
p.10
Ambassadors
p.11
It’s Happening in…
p.16
Everything Counts
p.17
Made in the USA
(or Not)
p.21
Can We Talk?
p.22
Getting There
p.23
The Most
Fascinating Place in
the World
p.12
Affecting the Environment
p.18
Getting to Work
p.24
Your Hometown
p.28
Historical
Regions
p.29
Read All About
It
p.30
LOCATION
Every point on Earth has a specific location that is determined by
an imaginary grid of lines denoting latitude and longitude.
Parallels of latitude measure distances north and south of the
lined called the Equator. Meridians of longitude measure
distances east and west of the line called the Prime Meridian.
Geographers use latitude and longitude to pinpoint a place’s
absolute or exact location.
To know the absolute location of a place is only part of the story.
It is also important to know how that place is related to other
places- in other words, to know that place’s relative location.
Relative location deals with the interaction that occurs between
and among places. It refers to the many ways- by land, by water,
even by technology- that places are connected.
The theme of location is the basis of geographic education. It
asks the question “Where is it?” Every day we are faced with
opportunities to answer such a question. As we watch the news or
read the newspaper, we organize the information we hear in many
ways. One category always exists- location. Everything happens
somewhere.
1
LOCATION
ACTIVITY #1
LINKING NEWS WITH LATITUDE AND
LONGITUDE
Divide the class into cooperative groups of three students each. Provide
each group with the latitude and longitude coordinates of a place where a
recent current event has taken place. Have each group use the coordinates
to pinpoint the location of the news event on the world map. Then instruct
the group to look through the newspaper and find a news article whose
setting matches the provided coordinates. Have each group share a
summary of the news event and its coordinate setting with the rest of the
class.
Latitude __________ Longitude __________ Location ______________
5Ws:
WHO:
WHAT:
WHERE:
WHEN:
WHY:
Summary of news article:
2
LOCATION
ACTIVITY #2
PRO SPORTS AND GEOGRAPHY
•
Provide students with the names of all the professional football teams
(or any other sport’s team). Challenge the students to locate each
football city on a map and then write the latitude and longitude
coordinates beside the city’s name on the list.
•
Read through the Sport’s Pages to find out where your local team will
travel for a road trip. Determine what states the team will travel
through, how many miles they will travel, and what the probable route
will be. Compare and contrast the geography of the visiting city with
your own. What famous landmarks might the team see as they visit
this city? Look at the weather page to determine the weather your
team may encounter.
•
Compare and contrast the locations of the opponents in a major
sport’s event. (e.g. the teams facing each other in the World Series or
Super Bowl) How are the cities alike? How are they different?
Compare location, climate, geographic features, economy, or any other
characteristics.
3
LOCATION
ACTIVITY #3
AROUND THE WORLD
Mount a political map of the world on a wall. Challenge students to collect
newspaper articles featuring as many different countries as possible. As a
student reports on a country, place a colored pin on that country. Students
receive bonus points for being the first to find an article about a country
not previously identified. The more obscure the country, the higher the
number of points awarded. For example, more points are earned for an
article about Finland than China.
4
LOCATION
ACTIVITY #4
LOOK AT THE STATE I’M IN
Collect state and regional maps from around the United States. Cut selected
pieces from those maps. Have students guess which state the pieces are
from. Provide clues using interesting place names, all-too-common place
names and a few book settings.
You might want to make a mystery for the students by saying,
“ I seem to be lost. I know I’m near Hohokus and only ten miles from
Westfield but I know I’m not in Massachusetts. I have only this scrap of
roadmap. Someone told me “Are you there, God? It’s Margaret” was set
here. Can you tell me where I am?”
5
LOCATION
ACTIVITY #5
DESIGN A COUNTRY
Challenge students to dream up their own countries and to create
maps of those countries. The maps should show natural (rivers, mountains)
and man-made (highways, major cities) features. Students should name
their countries, decide which products will provide the economic basis of
their country, and include any significant landmarks or tourist attractions.
Be sure they include a key for the map.
Name of Country:
Natural features:
Man-made features:
Climate:
Exports:
Tourist Attractions:
6
PLACE
All places have characteristics that give them meaning and
character and distinguish them from other places on earth.
Geographers describe places by their physical and human
characteristics. Physical characteristics include such elements as
animal life. Human characteristics of the landscape can be noted
in architecture, patterns of livelihood, land use and ownership,
town planning, and communication and transportation networks.
Languages, as well as religious and political ideologies, help shape
the character of a place. Studied together, the physical and
human characteristics of places provide clues to help students
understand the nature of places on the earth.
Place is a theme of geography that conjures up a mental picture
of a place with people going about their everyday lives in the
familiar environment. Place is the personality of geography.
7
PLACE
ACTIVITY #1
MYSTERY POSTCARDS
Using articles from the Travel section of the newspaper , collect information
about a travel destination. On one side of a postcard, draw an image
representative of your place. On the other side, write a message that
provides readers with several clues about the place. Do not include the name
of your location. Be sure to include lots of detailed information to help your
classmates appreciate the “personality” of the place you are describing.
Post the postcards on a bulletin board and number each card. Students will
have a week to read all the cards on their own and to jot down their best
guesses as to the place. At the end of the week, students can turn over the
cards to learn the correct answers. Who correctly guessed the most
places?
8
PLACE
ACTIVITY #2
WEATHER REPORT
Assign each student the name of a city. On the first day of the week ( or
whenever you receive newspapers), students will collect information about
the weather in that city. Students can compare from week to week and plot
high and low temperatures over the course of a school year.
Which city has the warmest year-round weather? The coolest?
Which city has the widest range of temperatures?
Which city has weather most like the weather in your city?
9
PLACE
ACTIVITY #3
“IN YOUR PLACE”
“Place setting”
Brainstorm a list of common phrases that include the word “place”. For
example, “to put someone in their place” or “ caught between a rock and a
hard place”.
1. How do these phrases help define the word “place”?
2. Do the phrases imply physical and human characteristics? If so, how?
3. Why are we comfortable in some places but not in others?
4. Describe a literal and figurative place in which you have found
yourself. Describe whether you were comfortable or uncomfortable in
such places.
5. Find someone in today’s newspaper who is in a “bad place” either
mentally or physically. Describe their situation and a possible solution
to get them out of that “bad place”.
10
PLACE
ACTIVITY #4
AMBASSADORS
Divide the class into groups of approximately five students. Have each
group choose a country that has been featured in the newspaper recently.
Tell each group that they will be playing the role of United States
Ambassador to that country. Use information from the newspaper to help
students answer the following questions.
1. What kind of place is each country?
2. What unique qualities must an ambassador possess in order to
adequately represent the United States in that place?
3. Imagine that a natural disaster has occurred in the country to which
you are posted (earthquake, flood, and tornado, for example). What
physical characteristics of the country might influence the crisis?
4. What human characteristics of the place might affect the citizen’s
ability to deal with the crisis?
11
PLACE
ACTIVITY #5
THE MOST FASCINATING PLACE IN THE WORLD
You have been selected to write a commercial for a country (choose a
country that has been featured in the newspaper recently). How can you
make your commercial message informative and appealing? Use the following
form to help you gather facts, brainstorm catchy phrases, and create
inviting descriptions. Invite tourists to come and see the” most fascinating
place in the world!”
Describe the location using descriptive phrases
(Nestled on the east coast, tucked between,
etc)
What special activities are available for people
interested in exercising, history, shopping, etc
What are the people like (the physical
characteristics, ancestries, attitudes,
occupations, etc)
Write a slogan – a brief, attention-getting
phrase- to promote tourism in your country.
Describe particular customs, special
celebrations, or holidays.
Draw a simple logo or design to represent your
country.
12
HUMAN/ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
How do people affect the environment? How does the
environment affect people? Looking at the effect that each has
on the other is another important part of studying geography.
The environment means different things to different people
depending on their cultural backgrounds and technological
resources. In studying human/environment interaction,
geographers look at all the effects-positive and negative- that
occur when people interact with their surroundings. Sometimes a
human act, such as damming a river to prevent flooding or to
provide irrigation, requires consideration of the potential
consequences. The construction of Hoover Dam on the Colorado
River, for example, changed the natural landscape, but it also
created a reservoir that helps provide water and electric power
for the arid Southwest. Studying the consequences of
human/environment interaction helps people plan and manage the
environment responsibly.
13
HUMAN/ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
ACTIVITY # 1
THEN AND NOW
Take a field trip to the library or Historical Society. Collect representative
photographs, both old and new, of your town or city and photocopy them. Old
editions of the local newspaper would be a great resource for this. In the
classroom, compare all of the photographs, and have students articulate
their observations of how places and people have changed over the years
1. How is the town different in appearance today from the way it looked
many years ago?
2. Are there more buildings? Different kind of buildings?
3. What are the differences in the kind of transportation?
4. Are there as many trees in the older photographs as there are in
newer ones?
5. List some of the ways the people of your town or city have changed
the environment over the years.
14
HUMAN/ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
ACTIVITY # 2
PACK YOUR BAGS
The Travel Section of your newspaper can provide valuable information
about a part of the world you may know little about. Read a travel article
about a city, country, or region you find interesting. Based on the
information gathered from the article, plan a packing list of what you will
carry in your luggage or backpack. Be prepared to explain why all the things
you have packed are necessary or desired for your particular location.
15
HUMAN/ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
ACTIVITY # 3
IT’S HAPPENING IN…..
Complete this news article to report on an important news event happening in
a country of your choosing.
Name the country ( and
city) in which the news
story took place.
Briefly describe the event.
Will this affect the
United States? Explain.
Describe the country’s
location. Name the
individuals that the story
is about.
How will this affect neighboring
countries?
Describe how you feel
about this event.
16
HUMAN/ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
ACTIVITY # 4
EVERYTHING COUNTS
To illustrate the importance of saving endangered species and the impact of
losing a species on the eco-system, have students do the following exercise.
You can use the paragraph below or a short newspaper article.
The mountain lion had left her two kittens hidden in a cave high in
the canyon wall. As she hunted for food, she suddenly caught the scent
of people and dogs. Before the hunters saw her, the big cat swiftly
climbed the rocks of the canyon, moving silently and keeping out of sight
of her enemies. When the mountain lion was certain that she had not
been followed, she returned to her kittens and curled her warm body
around them. Tomorrow, she would take them far away with her and go
deeper into the wilderness, far away from the humans who hunted with
dogs and guns.
Once the mountain lion’s range covered most of North, Central,
and South America. This big cat is known by many names, including
cougar, panther, and puma. Some Indians worshipped the cat. “Puma”
comes from the language of the Inca Indians of Peru. It meant courage
and power.
•
•
•
•
With a marker, cross out all the “t”s in this article. Can you still
determine the meaning without the “t”s?
Cross out all the “e”s in the article. Can you still make sense of the
article? What is the impact of eliminating two of the letters from
the text?
Cross out all the “r”s in the article. Can you still make sense of the
article?
How many letters can you eliminate before the text is
incomprehensible? Equate the elimination of letters with the
elimination of species in out eco-system.
17
HUMAN/ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
ACTIVITY # 5
AFFECTING THE ENVIRONMENT
Have students list ways that people affect their environment every day (for
example, driving cars, using water, disposing of garbage, smoking cigarettes).
Make a second list of ways that people affect their environment through
seasonal activities (for example, watering lawns, burning leaves, fishing and
hunting). Look through the newspaper to find examples of both kinds of
activities.
Make a comparison chart of the two lists and have students discuss which
activities are more harmful or more helpful to their environment.
Discuss the findings and have students suggest ways that people can change
their behavior and improve their environment.
Everyday
activities
Harmful to
environment
Helpful to
environment
Seasonal
activities
Harmful to
environment
Helpful to
environment
18
19
MOVEMENT
People interact with other people, places, and things almost every
day of their lives. They travel from one place to another, they
communicate with each other; and they rely upon products,
information, and ideas that come from beyond their immediate
environment.
When considering the theme of movement as a way to study
geography, one should ask these five W questions: who, what,
where, when, and why do things, people, and information move?
Also, how do they move? There are patterns of movement which
make our lives in the United States predictable and orderly.
Sometimes these patterns are interrupted and people feel a
ripple effect from the system breakdown. Many countries,
however, do not have a pattern of movement to depend on and
this can worsen things such as famine or wartime relief efforts.
Students should be able to recognize where resources are
located, who needs them, and how they are transported over the
earth’s surface. The theme of movement helps students
understand how they themselves are connected with, and
dependent upon, other regions, cultures, and people in the world.
Movement is very important to the study of geography because it
can contribute to the development of the human characteristics
of a place, such as cultural traits, governmental practices, and
tolerance of diversity.
20
MOVEMENT
ACTIVITY # 1
GOING TO CHURCH
•
Use the Religion section of the newspaper or the telephone book to
compile a list of the different religious groups in your area.
•
Use an encyclopedia or the Internet to research the origins of
selected groups.
•
Plot the origins of each group on the map of the world.
•
What are some of the reasons that these religious groups might have
moved to the United States?
•
What are the historical, political, and cultural factors involved?
21
MOVEMENT
ACTIVITY # 2
HOW DO IDEAS TRAVEL FROM PLACE TO PLACE?
1. Discuss different ways that ideas travel from one place to another.
(Examples might include music, literature, folk tales)
2. How do people react- personally, professionally, politically,
technologically- when they are able to freely communicate with one
another?
3. How does the newspaper help people to share ideas?
4. In what ways are people prevented from experiencing the movement
of ideas? (examples include censorship, geographic barriers, language
barriers)
5. What happens when people are not able to communicate?
22
MOVEMENT
ACTIVITY # 3
LOOK AT THE LABEL
Items in the classroom can easily represent a microcosm of the world
economy. You will be surprised how many countries are represented on the
“Made in….” labels of products in your classroom.
If you have these items in your home, look at the labels on them and see
where they are made. Write down the brand names, also. There is space for
two or more items in case you and your family have more than one! If you
have more than two, write the others down on the back of this sheet.
Brand Name
Made in …..
Television
Camera
Watch
Automobile
Refrigerator
Look around your house at as many labels as possible. If you find an item
made in a country not yet identified in class, write it down.
Kind of item
Brand name
Made in…
23
MOVEMENT
ACTIVITY # 4
COMMUTING TO WORK
•
Create a graph to show how far your parents commute to work each
day. A different bar will represent people who commute less than 5
miles, 6 to 10 miles, and more than 30 miles. Provide a map to show
the different places people travel.
•
Look through the newspaper for stories about commuting woes; road
construction, traffic tie-ups, or any other stories about people
commuting to work. What problems do people encounter on a daily
basis? What, if anything, is being down to alleviate these problems?
Write a summary of a news article below or on the back.
24
MOVEMENT
ACTIVITY # 5
ROOTS
•
Where do your families come from? Find about your families’ roots. Plot
the information on a class chart so you can see the roots they share with
others in the class.
•
Discuss what you know about when and why your ancestors came to the
United States and how they got here.
•
Look through the newspaper for stories about recent immigrants.
1. Where are the recent immigrants coming from?
2. Why did they decide to come to the United States?
3. How are the immigrants adjusting to life in a new country?
25
REGIONS
A basic unit of geographic study is the region, an area on the earth’s
surface that is defined by certain unifying characteristics. The unifying
characteristics may be physical, human or cultural. In addition to studying
the unifying characteristics of a region, geographers study how a region
changes over time. Using the theme of regions, geographers divide the
world into manageable units for study.
Regions can change over time due to changes in climate, economic
conditions, accessibility of trade routes, and many other factors.
Geographers study how regions change to predict the needs of the people
and the effects on the environment. The theme of regions is important in
terms of our learning to manage the differences and similarities which
allow our world to function as a unit.
26
REGIONS
ACTIVITY # 1
A REGIONAL DILEMMA
Every region in the United States must deal with special problems such as the
environment or homelessness. Select a region of the United States and use the local
newspaper to identify regional problems. (Many newspapers have on-line editions or you
could do this activity with a Target Date project)
What is a major problem in the region you are studying? Describe the problem in the
box below; then fill in the other boxes with alternate solutions to the problem.
The Problem:
Alternate Solutions
Pros
Cons
1.
2.
3.
The Best Solution:
27
REGIONS
ACTIVITY # 2
GEO POEM
Here is a way to combine what you know about a region and express it in a creative way.
Using the directions below, capture the essence, the spirit, and the character of the
region you have chosen to describe. Use descriptive adjectives that help paint a vivid
picture of your region.
LINE 1
CITY/ COUNTRY NAME/ REGION
LINE 2
FOUR PHYSICAL FEATURES THAT DESCRIBE THIS PLACE
LINE 3
THREE CULTURAL FEATURES
LINE 4
NEIGHBOR OF/ BORDERING LOCATION
LINE 5
CLIMATE (TEMPERATURE, PRECIPITATION) DESCRIPTION
LINE 6
THREE ITEMS THAT GIVE THIS PLACE CHARACTER
LINE 7
THREE EVENTS THAT SHAPED THIS PLACE
( HISTORICAL, HUMAN INTERACTION)
LINE 8
TWO PROBLEMS OR ISSUES OF CURRENT IMPORTANCE
LINE 9
COUNTRY/REGION NAME
28
REGIONS
ACTIVITY #3
YOUR HOMETOWN
Use a city or town map to divide your hometown into regions (political, recreational,
ethnic, commercial, etc).
1. How many regions did you identify?
2. What are the unifying characteristics that make up the regions?
3. Do students in your class live in different regions?
4. Look through the newspaper to identify any regional issues in your hometown. For
example, is the commercial district facing traffic problems?
5. What local issues did you identify?
6. How are the local government and citizens dealing with these local issues?
7. What issues are shared by all the regions of your hometown?
29
REGIONS
ACTIVITY # 4
HISTORICAL REGIONS
Have students trace the history of regions in the United States.
1. What regions existed in 1700, 1750, 1800, 1850, 1900, and in 1950?
2. Divide students into “century groups” (for example, 1700, 1800, etc.). Which
regions in each century group still exist today? Why or why not?
3. Have each group research why regional boundaries did or did not change and then
present its findings to the other groups.
30
REGIONS
ACTIVITY # 5
READ ALL ABOUT IT
Have students share the importance of geographical regions in stories and
books they are reading in class.
• Discuss how regions play an important role in storytelling and in
literary analysis.
• Brainstorm a list of stories and books that are defined by the region
in which they take place.
• Have students make up a story, creating a fictional region defined by
the characteristics of the landscape and the people.
Title of book,
story, or movie
where region
plays an
important role
Region, country,
city, location
where the story
is located
How does the region
affect the story?
How would the story be
different if it occurred in a
different location?
31
RESOURCES
Teaching the Five Themes of Geography by Bonnie Dill
Mailbox Magazine: Exploring Social Studies TEC848
Mailbox Magazine: Exploring Social Studies TEC1474
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/maps/
http://geography.about.com/
http://www.cloudnet.com/~edrbsass/edgeography.htm
http://www.education-world.com/a_lesson/lesson071.shtml