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The Family Definition of Family– “a group of people related through blood, marriage or adoption”. Family Structures (Types of Families) Type of family Characteristics Nuclear Family Parents and children. Usually small families. Relations not living close together. Provide financially for themselves. Mobile (can move easily). Can be isolated in times of crisis. Extended Family Parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins. Large families. Living in one house or living very close together. Depend on each other financially e.g. the family may work the farm. Support each other in times of crisis. Lone-Parent Family Causes include divorce, separation, death. More women head single-parent families than men. May be dependent on state benefits. May be stressful and difficult at times. © PDST Home Economics 1 Blended Family Consist of partners with children from previous relationships and often their own children. Large extended family. May lead to conflict. May be financial pressure. Development of the Family in Ireland Early 20th Century: Most common form of family was the extended family. Large number of children as they were seen as an economic asset and worked from an early age. Child mortality (deaths) was high often due to poor living standards. Mainly lived in rural areas on farms. There were strict segregated roles. Women cared for family and took care of home, men worked on the farm or in business. Patriarchal – home ruled by father. Many marriages were arranged – influenced by landownership and dowries. Inheritance given to males only (usually father to son). Late 20th Century: Nuclear family became more common. Number of children decreasing. Move from rural to urban life as farming became less labour intensive due to technological advances, thus fewer workers needed. Generally people chose their own partners. Education becoming more important, resulting in fewer children leaving school. After 1970 women were increasingly entering the workforce. Contemporary Irish Family (nowadays): Increase in number of separations and divorces – introduction of new family structures, e.g. blended families. Availability of contraception lets people plan the size of their families; this has led to a decrease in the number of children born. Fewer marriages – cohabiting has increased and cost of marriages. More inter-racial partnerships due to rise in immigration. Both partners are working in most families, resulting in more disposable income. Less role segregation with men becoming more involved in child rearing. 2 More state support e.g. financial assistance and educational help, e.g. SNAs. Increase in social problems affecting the family, e.g. drug and alcohol abuse. 3