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ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
OPERATIONAL MONITORING
MISSIONS
CAPACITY
USER REQUIREMENTS
Albert Goede
Final Presentation, 2 June 2005, ESTEC
ESA project AO/1-4273/02/NL/GS
From 1/10/2003 to 2/6/2005
USER REQUIREMENTS
what are they and what for
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High level data and information requirements for
Stratospheric Ozone, Surface UV, Air Quality
and Climate
Operational Monitoring Atmospheric Composition
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Operational=reliable well proven service
Monitoring=data continuity spanning decades
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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Users
Who are they and what do they want
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Identification of users through user oriented
ESA, EC and national projects such as ESA DUE
and EC RTD (TEMIS, PROMOTE, EVERGREEN,
CREATE/DAEDALUS, GEMS, etc)
Input from key Users at the User Consultation
meeting ESTEC 20-21 January 2004 and
feedback from Users at the Mid Term Review
31 August 2004
Consultation with federating Agencies such as
WMO, EEA, ECMWF,
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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Approach to deriving User Requirements
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Based on IGACO Strategy for integrated
observations from ground, airborne and space
instruments combined with model information
through data assimilations.
Hence, not just satellite specifications
Based on services already delivered to Users
in the ESA GMES Service Element PROMOTE
Building on existing requirement specifications
such as WMO-GAW, UNFCCC-GCOS,
EUMETSAT and previous ESA studies
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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WP 1000 Reference Documents
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WG 1 to 5 reports User Consultation (January 2004)
IGOS-P IGACO Theme Report (May 2004)
WMO-GAW strategy for Integrating satellite and
ground based
GMES GATO Strategy Report (March 2004)
GEO User Requirement and Outreach (April 2004)
EUMETSAT Observation Requirements Now casting and
Very Short Range Forecasting 2015-2025
EUMETSAT study on Geo Stationary Satellite
Observations for Monitoring Atmospheric Composition
2015-2025
GCOS Implementation Plan in support of UNFCCC
(May2004)
ESA Kyoto study 15427/01/NL/MM
ACECHEM, GeoTROPE and TROC Earth Explorer
proposals
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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User requirements based on ESA GMES
Service Element for Atmosphere
PROMOTE
Services addressing the Themes:
A. Stratospheric Ozone/Surface UV
B. Air Quality
C. Climate Change
With applications in :
1. Protocol Monitoring
2. Forecasting
3. Assessment
3x3 matrix of requirements from A-1 to C-3
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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Atmospheric Composition Themes and Applications
Environmental
Theme/ Service
Protocols
Stratospheric
Ozone/Surface UV
UNEP Vienna
Montreal and sub Prot
CFC emission verific
Stratos ozone halogen
trend monitoring
Air Quality
Local Regional/Continen
UN/ECE CLRTAP,
EMEP/Gothenb Prot
EC Directiv EAP/CAFE
AP emission verification
AP trend monitoring
Climate-Atmosphere
Composition interaction
UNFCCC Rio Convent
Kyoto Protocol
GHG/aeros emiss verific
GHG/aerosol distributio
trend monitoring
Forecast
Stratospheric O3
Surface UV
NWP
Climate scenarios
NWP reanalysis
Assessment
WMO O3 assessments
UV health/bio effects
global observations
chemistry transp mod
stratosphere chemistry
UV radiative transp
Local Air Quality (BL)
Chemi Weather (BL/FT)
Aviation routeing (UT)
Health Warning (BL)
UNEP, EEA assessments
Health and safety effects
Global, regio, local, obsv
Long range transport
Regio/local BL models
Tropospheric chemistry
UN IPCC assessments
Socio-Econom
effects
Long-term global observ
Chemistry-Climate int
Radiative Forcing Mod
Source attribution
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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User Requirements Ozone
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Policy:
Montreal Protocol
Observations: Ground (Dobson/Brewer, GAW,
NDSC), aircraft (MOZAIC, CARIBIC,
NOXAR,..), Satellite (TOMS, GOME,
SCIAMACHY, MIPAS, OMI,..)
Models: Atmospheric Chemistry Transport
models with data assimilation
Users: WMO, ECMWF, Nat Meteo Inst
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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User Requirements Ozone
Monitoring Service
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Total ozone time series 1979-2020 at 1% accuracy
Forecast Services
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Daily total ozone (1%)
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Daily 5-10 days forecast (1%)
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Daily troposphere column (10%)
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Daily 3D profiles (5%)
Assessment Services
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Total reactive chlorine and bromine loading (15%)
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Key species catalytic cycles (HOx, NOx, ClOx)
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Stratospheric H2O, CH4, aerosol/PSC/cloud
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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User Requirements Ozone
Total Ozone
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Horizontal resolution
100-10 km
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Temporal resolution
24-6 hrs
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RMS error 1%, bias
5%, trend 0.1%
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Example GOME vs.
TOMS by KNMI
employing TOGOMI
retrieval vs. TOMS
vs8 algorithm
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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Daily Assimilated Ozone profile
from MIPAS in ROSE model by DLR
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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User Requirements UV
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Policy: Montreal, UNCED Agenda 21
Observations: ground (Sun photometer
network), satellite (ozone)
Models: Assimilated O3 fields, aerosol, albedo,
clouds
Users: European/National/private
Consulted: SYKE, RIVM, BVDD,
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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User Requirements UV
UV index (clear sky UV irradiance weighted erythemal action
spectrum)
UV dose (integrated daily exposure including clouds)
Monitoring Services
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Time series Global/regional, Monthly/seasonal averages, (1
index point accuracy)
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100km/10km, 1day/1hr (underlying data at higher spatial
resolution (ozone, cloud, aerosol, albedo, )
Forecasting Services
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Near Real Time delay 3 hrs, cloud 30 min
Assessment Services
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Understanding solar radiation balance (closure)
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Epidemiological studies health/environment sector
(region/time)
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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User Requirements UV
Forecast daily
erythemal UV
dose by DWD
using ECMWF
assimilated
data (22-0803)
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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User Requirements Air Quality
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Policy: CLRTAP, EC Framework Directives, National Emission
Ceilings, Aircraft/Shipping emission regulation
Observations: ground (EMEP, EEA-TCACC, ), satellite (GOME,
ATSR-2, MODIS, SCIAMACHY, OMI, )
Models: CTM, dispersion (EURAD, CHIMERE, MOCAGE,
ADMS-Urban, )
Users: European/National environmental Agencies
Consulted: LUA/NRW, RIVM (EEA TC-ACC), NILU (EMEP),
UBA-Aus, EMPA, EPA, ARPA, JRC-IES, ADEME, INERIS,
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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User Requirements Air Quality
Monitoring Services
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Surface concentration NO2, O3, SO2, CO, AOD/A, CH4,
NMHC, NH3, 10 km horizontal, 1 hr temporal, regional/glob
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Time period 25 yr, accuracy 10-50% depending on species
Forecast Services
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Daily AQ index, time resolution 1 hr, spatial resolution 10km
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Daily 5-10 days forecast regional/global
Assessment Services
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Long-range transport (CO, NOx, O3, PM10, )
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Long-term trend tropospheric ozone (UTLS, deposition,
photolysis rates
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Oxidising capacity OH; Prod O3, NOx, H2O2, ROOH,
Loss CO, CH4, NMHC, O3, NO2,
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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User Requirements Air Quality
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Aerosol Optical
Depth over
Europe for a
single month
average derived
from ATSR-2 on
ERS-2 satellite
by TNO-FEL.
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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AQ index forecasts at various scales
employing EURAD model by Uni Koln
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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AQ forecast at various scales employing
CHIMERE model by LISA/AirParif/Airimax
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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AQ city scale NO2 monitoring and
forecast over Greater London employing
ADMS Urban dispersion model by CERC
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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User Requirements Climate Change
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Policy: UNFCCC, Kyoto, EU/ECCP, IPCC
Observations: ground (WDCGG GAW/CMDL, EEA TC-ACC,
GCOS-GUAN), satellite (IMG, MOPITT, ATSR, MODIS,
AIRS, SCIAMACHY, MIPAS, TES, IASI, ILAS, OCO, )
Models: Climate chemistry models, inverse models,
Users: International/European/National Climate Agencies
Consulted: RIVM (EEA TC-ACC), NILU (EMEP), UBA-Aus,
EMPA, EPA, JRC-IES, UNFCCC Bonn,
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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User Requirements Climate Change
Monitoring Services
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UTLS GHG vertical distributions 1 km, trend, variability
(incl. H2O), aerosol, cirrus
Emission Services
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Surface concentration GHG/aerosol, 50/10 km horizontal,
2/0.5 km vertical, regional/global, 12 hrs temporal, 1-2%
(CO2 0.2%) accuracy PBL. Emissions retrieved by inverse
modelling
Assessment Services
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Climate chemistry interaction (Brewer-Dobson circ,
troposphere height, UTLS coupling ozone, H2O, aerosol,
clouds. Common ozone transport tracers N2O, CH4, CO,
HCl, . Trend H2O 1%,
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Methane concentrations measured by SCIAMACHY 2 yr average
By IUP Heidelberg through EC Project EVERGREEN
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Conclusions User Requirements
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
OPERATIONAL MONITORING
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Long term continuity of data is a necessary operational
monitoring (GMES) requirement
Ozone/UV monitoring and forecast requirements agree with
existing/planned observation/model capability
Air Quality services require high temporal resolution (1 hr)
at high horizontal resolution (10 km) and high sensitivity at
the atmospheric boundary layer, exceeding international
existing/planned observation capability
Climate services and ozone assessment require high accuracy
at the atmospheric boundary layer for emissions, and high
vertical resolution at the UTLS for assessment of GHG (incl.
O3, H2O), aerosol and precursors exceeding international
existing/planned observation/model capability
CAPACITY User Requirements, Final Presentation ESTEC, 2 June 2005
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