Download EMEA Technical Summit

Mario Manfredoni
[email protected]
1999 Cabletron Systems
• Data Communications company, founded in 1983
• $1.4B sales, $3.1B market cap.
Presentation
Cabletron
• Innovators in Technology
– 450 patents
– 14% of revenue spent on R&D = $200 million a further $80
million on technology startups
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• $465M cash and investments, no debt
• Worldwide Modular Switching (Dell’Oro Group)
– #1 L3 Switched 10/100 Mbps
Presentation
Market Position?
– #2 L2 Switched 10 Mbps
– #2 L2 Switched 100 Mbps
• Worldwide Enterprise Management (IDC)
– #2 Enterprise Management Platform
• The Leader in Network Control Services
– Directory Enabled since 1994
– Policy Management since 1996
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
– #2 L3 Switched 1000 Mbps
• SmartSwitch Router
– Increased over 21% sequentially
Presentation
Market Segments
– Currently 21% of sales
• xDSL
– Sales have tripled over past 6 months
– Expecting double digit sequential growth
• SmartSwitching
– Port shipment growth of 20% sequentially
– Currently 45% of sales
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
– Increased over 200% year-over-year
• Software
– Increased sales 35% sequentially
Presentation
Market Segments
– High gross margin
• Services
– Professional services growing nearly 100% sequentially
– Now 16% of sales
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
– Increased sales 20% year-over-year
Technology Highway: Industry Vision
1999 Cabletron Systems
1st Wave
“Connectivity”
- IT as a Cost Center
“Information Business”
- IT as a Source of
Competitive Advantage
- File, Print, E-Mail
- E- Business, E-Commerce
Electronic Supply Chain
Management
- Information Distribution
- Interactive Information
- Web Browsing
- Mass Customization
- Fixed Connectivity
- Death of Distance
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
2nd Wave
Presentation
The Next Wave
• Intelligence Everywhere
• Information Society
Presentation
One Step Ahead of What’s Next
• Information Economy
• Interactive Internet 2
• Distance Learning
• Connecting People…Not Devices
• Evolving commerce from one solution for millions to
millions of solutions for one…mass customization
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Information Entertainment
• Some Examples of “Critical-ness”
• B2B Dependant Networks
Supply
Chain
Management
1999 Cabletron Systems
Vendor
“The Network”
Supplier
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Presentation
Network is the Business
• Intranets have changed all the traffic patterns
• Extranets and VPNs need to deliver utility-like service
Presentation
Applications Drive Infrastructure Change
• IP multicast being embedded in mainstream applications
• IP voice and IP video demand low latency
• Voice, video and data convergence drive the need for
Quality of Service
• Server centralization increases backbone traffic
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• E-Commerce demands security and reliability
Tier II
Infrastructure Applications
Tier III
Other
1999 Cabletron Systems
E-Commerce, E-Business,
SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft,
NetMeeting, Collaboration Tools,
Siebel, Bond, Agile ...
E-mail, Printing, File Sharing,
WWW, Distance Learning ...
Games, PointCast, MP3 Music,
Single Use Apps ...
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Tier I
Business Applications
Presentation
Enterprise Networks - IT Applications
• Increasing Popular for Training Purposes
– Bandwidth impact is radically unpredictable
Presentation
New Application - Streaming Video
– By year 2000, 18% of US businesses (Sage Research, Inc.)
• Image processing - 1/2 of all US business
– Forms for Insurance, teleradiology in hospitals, etc…
– Desktop videoconferences
– Retrieving images
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Real time Video on the LAN
• High performance (bandwidth)
• Predictability (latency, delivery, etc)
Presentation
Customer Expectations - More Utility-Like
• Reliability (99.999999...% uptime,
fail over circuits, etc)
• Cost effective (competitive pricing,
keep costs low)
• QoS capabilities (w/ policies and
CoS)
• Simplicity (non-complex)
• Manageable
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Availability
• Enterprise Solutions
– Virtual Private Networks
Presentation
Cabletron Driving the 3rd Wave
– Policy-Based Networking
• Service Provider Solutions
– Emerging Internet SPs
– Service Deployment Tools:
Accounting, Billing, SLAs
• Convergence Solutions
– Voice Ready Infrastructure
– Voice Over Last-mile
– Voice Management
– Voice Gateways, Toll Bypass
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
– Wire-speed L3 Infrastructure
• IP Protocol (VoIP), IP Multicast
• Voice, Data and Video Traffic
Presentation
Convergence
• In the WAN – Makes financial sense
– Easy to justify
• Some Desktop Applications - Real Audio, NetMeeting...
• Phones and PC’s Stay On the Desk in the Enterprise
• Integrate When the Need Arises (PBX investment)
– Call centers
– New buildings
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Desktop Conferencing, Multimedia and Internet Convergence
• Providing priority to the most important users
• Limit the network resources provided by demanding
applications (i.e. desktop video)
• Control - Reduction of the need to police the network
• Easier path to multiservice integration
• “Future Proof” - Hardware that is policy ready helps avoid
network upgrades
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Ability to guarantee QoS to key applications
Presentation
Enterprise QoS Features
• Packet Tagging
– 802.1P
Presentation
Standards-Based QoS Solution
– MPLS
• RSVP
• Traffic Shaping
– Strict Priority Queuing
– Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ)
– Class Based Queuing (CBQ)
– Random Early Discard (RED & WRED)
– Committed Access Rate (CAR)
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
– IP ToS/DiffServ
Presentation
SLA and QoS Management
Baan
Remote
Site
PeopleSoft
SAP
Baan
SAP
PCs
PCs
PCs
• Priority is relative and will be defined by who the user is and
what business function they support
• Allows the IT system to offer differing levels of information
transport service based on differing business priorities
1999 Cabletron Systems
PCs
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
QoS will be defined by
application responsiveness and
end user experience not by
simple bandwidth reservation
and measurement
• VPN technology across WAN product line
• Layer 4 ‘awareness’ across product line
Presentation
Key Product Initiatives
• SSN Integration with directory services
• New policy management services:
– Router access control list management
– Quality of service / class of service
• IP accounting & Billing
• Integrated voice gateways in select WAN products
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• WWW based management across product line
• 10+ Mbps In-Building Wireless
• >100 Mbps Building-to-Building Broadband Wireless
Presentation
Emerging Transport Technologies
• 10 Gbps Ethernet
• Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
• Enhanced traffic management and QoS across all product
lines
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• 10/100/1000 Auto-Sensing to the desktop in 2000
Network Management
Tools
Cabletron’s
Solutions
Award Winning
Products
1999 Cabletron Systems
Third Party / OEM
Products - Relationships
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
GlobalNetwork
Technology services
Presentation
Lastly… It Is About Selling Solutions
Application Aware Networking
1999 Cabletron Systems
• Background and Drivers
• Layer 4 Switching
Presentation
Agenda
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• SmartSwitch Router Features
1999 Cabletron Systems
Presentation
The Application Aware Network
Business Apps
Accounting
Voice over IP
Caching
Firewall
Directory
Application Aware
Networking
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Video over IP
• Access Horizon is changing - 10/100
Presentation
Enterprise Network - Drivers
• Traffic Patterns are changing
– centralised server farms
– client/server, browser/server, client/client
– IP Multicast embedded in mainstream applications
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• E-Commerce demands Reliability and Security
• Converging Applications - Voice, Video, Data
– convergence but no request for delivery
Presentation
Enterprise Network - Drivers
• Accountability
– validate and track network activity
– justification process
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
– drives the QoS need
Presentation
Consider the Internet/Intranet
• Multiple Applications
– different services
• Unicast/Multicast
Browser Applications
HTTP
1999 Cabletron Systems
FTP
E-Mail
Voice
Video
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Convergence
Presentation
Consider the Internet/Intranet
• Is Layer 2 enough?
Browser Applications
HTTP
FTP
E-Mail
Voice
Video
00:00:1D:FE:56:AC
MAC
MAC
MAC
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• No application
differentiation
Presentation
Consider the Internet/Intranet
• Is layer 3 enough?
Browser Applications
HTTP
FTP
E-Mail
Voice
Video
134.141.50.4
IP
IPIP
MAC
MAC
MAC
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• No application
differentiation
• Application Aware
• The basis of
Browser Applications
– QoS
– Service Levels
HTTP
FTP
E-Mail
Voice
Video
– Security
– Accounting
TCP/UDP
TCP/UDP
IP
IPIP
MAC
MAC
MAC
1999 Cabletron Systems
Unique
Ports
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Presentation
Consider the Internet/Intranet
• Consider VoIP
1999 Cabletron Systems
Network Bandwidth
• Static QoS Definitions
SAP
BAAN
Oracle
Web
RealPlayer
Netshow
Video
Voice - H323
E-Mail
FTP
SNMP
DNS
LDAP
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Class Based
Presentation
Application Aware - QoS
• Specify in Kilobits/Sec
• Classify against Port or Layer
4 flow
1999 Cabletron Systems
Network Bandwidth
• Static or Dynamic
Granular Flows
64Kbps from a
particular Port
128Kbps from a
specific Host
30Mbps for H323
Voice
2Mbps for the
CEO using SAPR3
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Flow Based Bandwidth
Presentation
Application Aware - QoS
• Software/Microprocessor based systems
– serial forwarding
Presentation
The Traditional Router
• High Latency
• Expensive
• Future - looks bleak
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Performance and Functionality - Mutually Exclusive
• ASIC Based Systems
– Parallel Forwarding
Presentation
The Traditional Switch
• Low Latency
• Too little control? Limited scalability?
• Future - Secured as access device
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• High Performance
• Wire-speed
• Low Latency
Presentation
Next Generation - Prerequisites
• Application - Differentiation, Isolation, QoS
• Security
• Accounting
• The enabling technology…...
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Scalability
• “The ability to Switch and Track packets using layer 3 and
layer 4 information - at wire-speed”
Presentation
Layer 4 - Switching
– Resource allocation at the application layer
• Aligns network with applications
– Security at the application layer
– Accounting at the application layer
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Benefits
Mission-Critical
Applications
Voice
File
Transfer,
E-Mail
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Desktop
Conferencing,
Distance
Learning
Presentation
Layer-4 Enabled QoS
• Usually QoS & security benefits are provided when crossing Layer-3
subnet boundaries
Presentation
Layer-4 Switching
• No other switch has this feature. Other switches rely on Layer-2
solutions such as 802.1p.
Only Cabletron can provide end-to-end QoS and security!
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• The SSR’s Layer-4 switching architecture allows it to provide QoS
and security in a Layer-2 domain while remaining standards based
Solves
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Dest Dest Dest
Source Source Source
Net Node Socket Net
Node Socket
Access Control
IPX Layer-4 Flow
Quality of Service
IP Src IP Dest TOS Protocol Src sock Dest sock
TCP/UDP
Accounting (RMON2)
IP Layer-4 Flow
Presentation
L4 Switching Delivers Wire-speed
Functionality
IPX Layer-4 Flow
Dest Dest Dest
Source Source Source
Net Node Socket Net
Node Socket
1999 Cabletron Systems
Access Control
Only processes
this information
X XX
Presentation
Quality of Service
IP Src IP Dest TOS Protocol Src sock Dest sock
TCP/UDP
Accounting (RMON2)
IP Layer-4 Flow
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Layer 3 Switching - “Packet Forwarding
Only”
SmartSwitch Router: Overview
1999 Cabletron Systems
Performance
Wirespeed, independent of media
Full
Functionality
Security, QoS, Accounting
Capacity
Large Route/MAC/Flow Tables
Manageability
Quality Instrumentation (RMON2,
SNMP)
Price
Approaching that of L2 Switches
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
(The five requirements for backbone switching routers)
Presentation
Next Generation Enterprise Backbones
Definition
Benefit
Implementation
1999 Cabletron Systems
Ability to classify, process and forward, layer-4
application conversations at wire-speed
Provide security, allocate QoS, collect statistics and
perform accounting at the transport layer, at wire-speed
Custom high speed ASICs for packet processing and
routing
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Wire-speed Layer-4 Flow Switching
Presentation
The Enabling Technology
SSR 2000
New low cost, enterprise desktop
switch for the power workgroup
Presentation
The SSR Family
Existing high performance, high
function switch router for the
enterprise
SSR 8600
New high density, wire-speed
switch router for enterprise
collapsed backbone and wiring
closet applications
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
SSR 8000
“Hot Product - Backbone Switch” - Data Communications January 1999
Presentation
Recent Awards
“Product of the Year - Network Equipment Router” - CTI Magazine
December 15, 1998
“Best of Breed” - InternetWeek Magazine November 30, 1998
“Most Fully Featured Layer-3 Switch” - Mier Communications
November 19, 1998
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
“Best of the Best” - InternetWeek Magazine December 21, 1998
• Key Applications
– 8 Gbps, Up to 32 ports
– L2/L4 Workgroup Switch
– 16 10/100 fixed, 2 option
slots
– Load Balancing Server Farm
Switch
– Policy based QoS to the
desktop,
– Small Enterprise Router
– Comprehensive security
– Detailed accounting
– Multicast support
– Directory Services
WAN
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Features
Presentation
SmartSwitch Router 2000
– 8 Gbps, 8.5 Million pps
– 8 fixed ports of 1000Base-SX
– Policy based QoS
– Comprehensive security
– Detailed accounting
– Multicast support
– Directory Services
1999 Cabletron Systems
• Key Applications
– L3/L4 Workgroup
Aggregation Switch
– Load Balancing Server Farm
Switch
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Features
Presentation
Preview: SmartSwitch Router 2008
• Key Applications
– 16 Gbps, 15 Million Packets
per Second
– Enterprise Core and/or WAN
Edge
– Maximum capacity of 56ports
– Internet access routers,
DSLAMs, headends
– DS-1 through Gigabit
Ethernet
– High-availability server farm
aggregation
– Full function enterprise/ISP
routing
– Wire-speed application level
QoS, Security, Accounting
– Full redundancy
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Features
Presentation
SmartSwitch Router 8000
– 32 Gbps, 34 Million Packets
per Second
– Up to 120 ports total
– DS-1 through Gigabit
Ethernet
– Full function enterprise/ISP
routing
– Wire-speed application level
QoS, Security, Accounting
– Full redundancy
1999 Cabletron Systems
• Key Applications
– Enterprise Wiring Closet L2
– Server Farm Aggregation
– Enterprise Core/WAN
Routing Switch
– Internet Access Aggregation
– Internet Aggregate Routing
Switch
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Features
Presentation
SmartSwitch Router 8600
• NEBS Level 3 compliant
• 16 blades
– 14 I/O blades
Presentation
SmartSwitch Router 32000
– 1 Control Module
• 2 Switching Fabrics
– 64 Gbps, 70 Mpps
• Removable, serviceable external
clocking module
• Redundant Power Supply
– 110 /240 VAC
– -48V DC
• Front, middle or rear rack
mountable
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
– 1 Control Module or I/O slot
• 2 and 4 Port Serial (T1/E1)
• Hardware Compression
– Stac Electronics LZS & Microsoft’s MPPC
Presentation
WAN Interfaces
– Hardware Encryption up to 168-bit keys
(includes parity)
– DES, Triple DES, RC-4, MD-5
– PPP ECP initially w/ IPSec as a software
upgrade
– Available on the 4 port serial only
• 2 Port HSSI (T3/E3)
• Supporting…
– PPP and Frame Relay
– Extensive per PVC/SVC Traffic Shaping
– Weighted Random Early Detection - WRED
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
– Available on the 4 port serial only
• Gigabit Ethernet
– Single port 15-70km Gigabit
Ethernet
– Dual port 1000Base-SX
– Dual port 1000Base-LX
Presentation
New SmartSwitch Router Line Cards
– Quad port OC-3c
• 32 MB buffering per port
– Dual port OC-12c
• 64 MB buffering per port
• ATM
– Dual port Multi-service ATM
• T1/E1, T3/E3 and OC-3c
– Quad port OC-3c
– Dual port OC-12c
• CMTS
– 4 port upstream, 1 port
downstream DOCSIS compliant
cable modem termination blade
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• SONET (PPP & HDLC encaps)
• Allows extended reach capabilities far beyond the current 5km maximum
provided by the standard
• Enables gigabit performance for large campus and metropolitan access
networks
• More cost effective and easier to implement than SONET based
technologies for dark fiber applications
• Available for shipment in Q1’99
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
1 port 70km Gigabit Ethernet
Presentation
70km Gigabit Ethernet
• Full function wire-speed switching and wire-speed IP/IPX
Routing
Presentation
SSR Common Technology
– End to End QoS, security and accounting at wire-speed
• Common software image
– Easy software upgrades, easy management
• Common line card technology
– Speeds time to market ensures backward compatibility
• Common management platform: SPECTRUM, CoreWatch
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Full Layer-4 Switching enabling
OSPF
VRRP
BGP-4
RIP
SAP
DVMRP
PIM-DM
IP Unicast
IPX Unicast
IP Multicast
Diff-serv
IP QoS/NAT
Server
Array
PIM-SM
RSVP
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
RIP
DHCP
Port/Protocol
VLANs
802.1d
STP
1999 Cabletron Systems
802.1p
QoS
802.1Q
Trunking
IGMP
Snooping
Presentation
Complete Routing/Switching
Functionality
SmartTrunk
Hardware Architecture
1999 Cabletron Systems
Distributed Routing Architecture
Main Memory
DUART
R5000
Flash
Card
EE
Prom
Line
Card
Slot 3
Line
Card
Slot 4
PHY
PHY
PHY
L2
L2
L2
L3
L3
Presentation
10BseT
Line
Card
Slot 2
L3
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Control
Module
Slot 1
Switching Fabric
L3
L3
L3
L3
L2
L2
L2
L2
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
Slot 5
1999 Cabletron Systems
Line
Card
Slot 6
Line
Card
Slot 7
Line
Card
Slot 8
Line
Card
Presentation
Distributed Input/Output Processing
Input Processing
L2 Database
1999 Cabletron Systems
Accounting
Filters
Crossbar
Encaps
QoS
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
L3/L4 Database
Priority
Encaps & Queuing
Accounting Filters
Demux
Priority
Arbiter
Bridge
or
Route
Output Processing
Flow & Table Management
Bridging
VLANs
Routing
Access
Control
QoS
Policy
RMON/
RMON2
Input Processing
L2 Database
Output Processing
Priority
Accounting
L3/L4 Database
Priority
Accounting
Encaps & Queuing
Filters
Crossbar
Demux
Bridge
or
Route
Arbiter
Subsequent
Packets
Encaps
QoS
Filters
Flow classification and distribution is better than 25,000 flows per second
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
First
Packet
Presentation
CPU Module
2.0 Gbps per channel (SSR8000/8600)
•
4 priority queues per input and output channel
•
Packet switching
•
Overspeed
•
Overflow at output buffers
•
Avoid Head Of Line - look 4 deep per queue
•
Multicast packets replicated in hardware
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
•
Presentation
Crossbar
Output
Module
Input
Module
Output
Module
QoS ensures priority
Output
Module
• Standards based Multicast support
– IGMP v2 (seamless integration
with workstations/servers)
– DVMRP v3
– PIM-DM, PIM-SM
• ACLs screen out hosts which
attempt to join certain multicast
groups
1999 Cabletron Systems
Presentation
Switch Fabric
Efficient packet
replication via switch
fabric
Expanding Ring
TTL Support
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Multicast Support
Buffer Queues
Control Priority
Layer-3: Layer-4 flows mapped to CoS
High Priority
Layer-2: 802.1p priority mapped to CoS
Medium Priority
Low Priority
1999 Cabletron Systems
Presentation
ASIC based Layer-3/4
Packet Classifier
Line Speed Gigabit Input Streams
Switch Fabric
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
QoS - Packet Classification
(Four Classes of Service)
QoS - Multiple Prioritization Schemes
Weighted Fair Queuing (ex. 25% per queue)
ASIC based Packet
Encapsulating Engine
Line Speed 100 Mbps Streams
Buffer Queues
Strict Priority Queuing
Control Priority
High Priority
Layer-3: TOS/DiffServ Packet Marking
Medium Priority
Layer-2: 802.1p Packet Marking
Low Priority
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Buffer Queues
Switch Fabric
Presentation
Dual MAC
Per Flow Committed Access Rate (CAR)
(Rate Limiting)
Buffer Queues
H
e
FTP Flow
F
H
H
F
eMail Flow
HTTP Flow
H
H
F
e
H
H
FTP Flow
F
H
H
F
H
H H H H H H
ASIC Layer-3/4
Packet Classifier
F
H
F F F
e
Buffer Queues
H H H H H H
F F F
eMail Flow
H e
CAR can be performed on
- per port
- per flow(s)
- per application(s)
- per host(s)
in kilobits per second
1999 Cabletron Systems
Excess Bandwidth reprioritized
to a lower priority
Control Priority
High Priority
Medium Priority
Low Priority
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
HTTP Flow
H
Switch Fabric
Presentation
Excess bandwidth discarded
Drop All
Queue Depth
Avg. Queue
Depth
Minimum
Threshold
Time
Drop Probability
Maximum
Threshold
• Provides fair bandwidth reduction
between host connections thru implicit
notification (dropped packets)
• Works for TCP only, use CAR for UDP
• Intelligently differentiates between
transient bursts and excessive offered
load
• Avoids TCP slow start oscillations
• Reduces overall nodal latency
Weighted RED (WRED) is RED policies per Queue
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Maximizes throughput under congestive
conditions
Presentation
Random Early Detection (RED)
Key Redundancy Features
5509
Aggregate links with SmartTRUNK
Presentation
Fully hot swappable with redundant
Control Modules and Switch Fabrics
Fully Interoperable with Cisco’s Fast
Etherchannel and other Server trunking
protocols
Mix and match link speeds for
incremental bandwidth
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Any number of links can be aggregated
(ex. 7 Gig Ethernet links = 14 Gbps BW)
Superior balancing based on flows rather
than MAC address
Can balance flows using “round robin” or
link utilization algorithms
VRRP
Standby
Router
VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy
Protocol) protects clients using default
gateways
Equal Cost Multipath OSPF can multiply
the effective bandwidth over 4 paths
1999 Cabletron Systems
Web Hosting with Gigabit Ethernet
Jumbo Frame Support with hardware
IP Fragmentation support to lower
MTU interfaces (“Don’t Fragment” bit
not set)
Large Packet Buffering to insure zero
packet loss under any conditions
Add a F5 Labs BIGip Server Array
controller for added load balancing
functionality
Layer-4 Quality of Service and Access
Control Lists plus support for Diff-serv
Full RMON I & RMON II Supported
along with LFAP for Accounting
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Transparent Web Caching: Redirect
HTTP requests to a Web cache server
Presentation
Server Array Load-balancing based on
Layer 4 Application traffic: round robin,
server utilization, server availability
Presentation
Gigabit Ethernet Metro Networks
Long distances supported over highperformance, simple to manage gigabit
ethernet links
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
No route cache, full route tables loaded
on line card (up to 200,000). Allows for
non-stop, wire-speed routing
Equal Cost Multipath Routing balances
the load (up to 4 equal cost routes)
Up to 70 kilometers
Layer-4 Control to provide Quality of
Service & Access Control as well as
modifying the IP TOS/Diff-serv field
SmartTrunk allows for parallel, loadbalanced paths with fast failover.
Layer-4 keeps the packets in order
Accounting can be performed either
per-flow or by prefix and next hop
1999 Cabletron Systems
No route cache, full route tables
loaded on line card (up to 200,000).
Allows for non-stop, wire-speed
routing
Presentation
Core IP Routing over SONET
SONET
Ring
Layer-4 Control to provide Quality of
Service & Access Control as well as
modifying the IP TOS/Diff-serv field
Like the Gigabit Ethernet modules,
SONET cards also support Weighted
Fair Queuing & Weighted Random
Early Detection to prevent congestive
collapse as well as guaranteeing
bandwidth
SONET
Ring
Support of 1:1 SONET APS to protect
against fiber cuts/outages
Supports PPP, MLPPP & HDLC
encapsulations
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Equal Cost Multipath Routing balances
the load (up to 4 equal cost routes)
ATM
Higher density OC-3c & OC-12c lower
the cost for high-speed LAN & WAN
services
Support for UBR, VBR, CBR & TM 4.0
Support for Classical IP & RFC 1483
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Multi-service ATM module allows for
connections to: T1/E1, T3/E3 and OC3c pipes using modular phys
Presentation
Core IP Routing over ATM
Future support for Multi-Protocol Label
Swapping as a software upgrade
LANE 2.0 & MPC enhance support for
LAN connectivity
PPP over ATM support allows for
supporting DSLAM termination and
value added xDSL services
1999 Cabletron Systems
SmartSwitch Router Cable Modem Termination
Allows deployment of other services
from same headend chassis
HFC
Easily scales to add new subscribers
Application level QoS at wire speed
Presentation
Provides integrated headend solution
SONET
Ring
SPECTRUM Support Allows central
configuration and control of regional
headend CMTS; cable modem
authentication and management
Enhanced RF Signal Analysis for
SPECTRUM
Broad range up WAN/LAN uplink
support
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
DOCSISv1.0 support Compatible with
residential cable modems
DOCSIS v1.1 support QoS and CBR
needed for VoIP and Enterprise
applications
Cabletron Solutions
1999 Cabletron Systems
3rd Wave Enterprise Solutions
Small Business
Medium Business
Large Business
INTERNET
ISDN
DSL
CABLE
• SmartSTACK for low cost links
•SmartSwitch Router 100/200 for a
full suite of remote access choices
•Web Management
• SmartSwitch Router 2000 for
integrated high-performance LAN
and WAN access
•SmartSTACK for low-cost expansion
• Core Watch and SPEL Management
• SmartSwitch 6000 for highdensity wiring closets
•SmartSwitch Router for Network
Core/WAN edge
•SmartSwitch Router 100/200, 500
and 2000 family for WAN
• SPECTRUM Management
3rd Wave Service Provider Solutions
Hosting
Internet
WAN
Extranet
SmartSwitch
6000r
Virtual Private Networks
SAC
Corporate and Branch Sites
SSR
520
SSR
520
Broadband “last-mile”
Branch
Office
Large Business Home
Office
ISDN
SSR 100
INTERNET
Internet
SAC
Carrier
Carrier
Backbone
Backbone
DSL
DSL
DSL
DSL
SSR 250
Modem
SAC
SmartSwitch
Router
SAC
• SmartSwitch Routers for high
performance, high density load
balancing, accounting, web-caching
•SmartSwitch 6000 for redundant, high
density, feature rich layer-2
infrastructure components
SSR
100
SSR
250
SSR
265
Small Office
Home Office Sites
SSR
245
CABLE
SSR
265
• SSR 100/200 for small business,
telecommuters, small offices
• SmartSwitch Router 100
for ISDN
•VPN over ISDN, DSL and cable
•SmartSwitch Router 250
for ADSL
•SSR 500/700 for branch offices
•SSR 2000/8000/8600/32000 with
performance & QoS for
future Gigabit-class VPN
•SmartSwitch Router 245
for Cable or DSL access
•SmartSwitch Router 265
for Cable access
Content Hosting
1999 Cabletron Systems
• Eight reasons Internet Traffic Management Products are
needed:
1. Computers fail
Presentation
Market Need
3. Computers are not equal
4. Site popularity varies
5. Not all requests are equally important
6. Bad things happen
7. Networks are expensive - disks are cheap
8. The internet is flaky
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
2. Single computers aren’t big enough
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Enterprise
Publishing
e-Commerce
Portal
ISP Hosting
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Calendar Year
Source: Collaborative Research 1999
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
$M
Worldwide ITM Products Market,
1998-2002
Presentation
ITM Market Projection
Scott McNealy,
CEO Sun Microsystems
ISP
Internet
Service
Provider
1999 Cabletron Systems
ASP
Application
Service
Provider
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
"Five years from now, if you're a CIO, you won't be buying
from a vendor anymore… You'll rent all your resources from a
service provider."
Presentation
Market Dynamics
WAN
Extranet
SmartSwitch Router
BIG/ip
BIG/ip
Nokia
BIG/ip
BIG/ip
SmartSwitch Router
Intranet
1999 Cabletron Systems
• Customer Business Needs
– Reliable, high-performance access to
web-based mission-critical applications
– Fully utilize server capacity
– Secure network boundary lines
– Enforced network policies for assigned
user
• Cabletron’s Network Solutions
– Scaleable high performance
SmartSwitch Router solutions for high
speed access and switching
– Cabletron’s BIG/ip server load balancer
for non-stop server availability
– Distributed load balancing for remote
site coordination
– Nokia Firewall for secure access and
data protection
– SPECTRUM IP traffic accounting for
billing and capacity planning
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Internet
Presentation
Content Hosting Solutions
• Customer Business Benefits
– High-performance, Layer 3 and 4
switching router for high available,
redundant server access
– Increase revenue opportunities
by providing outsourced hosted
services
– Highly scalable solution: form the
smallest ISP to the largest carrier
– Optimize server utilization with
sophisticated load balancing
– Router based Firewall for secure
access access serving internal
and external users
– Improve customer return rates by
distributed load balancing and
localized content
– Wide area routing for internet and
remote user access
– Reduce equipment and
management costs by combining
routing, switching and WAN in
one box
– Accounting application for billing
and capacity planning
– Advanced local and distributed
server load balancing for non-stop
operation
1999 Cabletron Systems
– Scaleable solutions to grow as
subscribers and bandwidth
demands increase
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Cabletron’s Advantage
Presentation
Content Hosting Solutions
• Small POP Content Hosting Site
– e.g. local ISP
Presentation
Content Hosting Solution Sets
– e.g. regional ISP
• Large POP Content Hosting Site
– e.g. national ISP
• Distributed Content Hosting
– e.g. international ISP
• ISP Traffic Accounting
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Medium POP Content Hosting Site
Internet
T1/T3
– Small hosting site
BGP
domain
– Minimum amount of equipment
due to limited space
– High security for e-commerce
– 10-100 Mb/s performance
• Cabletron’s Network Solution
10/100
LSNAT
group
– SmartSwitch Router 8000 with
WAN card and BGP for Interent
connection
– Nokia IP440 Firewall/Router
– SmartSwitch Router 8000 with
LSNAT load balancing support
– 10 or 100 FE LAN connections
Web Content/Application Servers
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Customer Business Need
Presentation
Small POP Content Hosting Solution
– WAN and BGP in Switch/Router
– Industry leading firewall support
(Checkpoint FireWall-1)
– Industry leading 16M pps
Switch/Routing performance (SSR
8000)
– Comprehensive set of load
balancing algorithms (LSNAT)
– Traffic prioritization and rate
shaping/flow limiting
– Scaleable solution that can grow
with the service provider
• Customer Business Benefits
– Increased productivity and
reliability I.e. more uptime
– Security for Extranet and Intranet
applications
– Reduced cost of ownership from
better utilization of resources
– Reduced equipment cost from
integration of switch and router
platforms into one box
– Reduced Management costs
from policy based usage and
accounting
– Offer differentiated services
– Higher customer return rate
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Cabletron Advantage
Presentation
Small POP Content Hosting Solution
• Customer Business Need
Internet
– Redundant & scalable content
hosting solution
Presentation
Medium POP Content Hosting Solution
– High security for e-commerce
• Cabletron’s Network Solution
– Dual Nokia IP440 or 650
Firewall/Router
VLAN 1
– SmartSwitch Router 8600 with
dual VLANs
VLAN 2
– Dual BIG/ip for redundant load
balancing
– 100 FE or 1000 GbE LAN
connections
Web Content/Application
Servers
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
– 100 -1000 Mb/s performance
• Customer Business Need
Internet
– Fully redundant & scalable hosting
solution
BGP
domain
– >1000 Mb/s performance and low
delay
• Cabletron’s Network Solution
10/100
– Multiple Nokia IP440 or 650
Firewall/Router
– SmartSwitch Router 8600 with
dual VLANs
10/100
– Multiple BIG/ip for redundant load
balancing
GbE
1999 Cabletron Systems
– 100 FE or 1000 GbE LAN
connections
xyz.com
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
– Multiple security domains for
hosted sites & applications
GbE
abc.com
Presentation
Mega POP Content Hosting Solution
– WAN and BGP in Switch
– Policy Based Routing for multiple
Firewall support
– Industry leading firewall support
(Checkpoint FireWall-1)
– Industry leading 32M pps
Switch/Routing performance
(SSR 8600)
– Full set of load balancing
algorithms (BIG/ip)
– Automatic failover with watchdog
cards and VRRP
– Traffic prioritization and rate
shaping/flow limiting
1999 Cabletron Systems
• Customer Business Benefits
– Increased productivity and
reliability I.e. more uptime
– Security for Extranet and Intranet
applications
– Higher customer return rate from
better utilization of resources
– Reduced equipment cost from
integration of switch and router
platforms into one box
– Increased revenue opportunities
from IP usage and accounting
statistics
– Ability to offer differentiated
services
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Cabletron Advantage
Presentation
Mega POP Content Hosting Solution
xx-xx-xx-x1
TCP-ACK
xx-xx-xx-x0
• TCP ACK goes through
firewall to server
• Server side switch must
ensure TCP SYN goes back
thru same firewall to preserve
state context
• Use the Least Significant Bit of
IP address to determine:
– odd addresses go left
TCP-SYN
TCP-SYN
– even addresses go right
• Can scale for for more bits
e.g. 2, 3, 4 for more firewalls
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
TCP-ACK
Presentation
Why Policy based Routing is required
BIG/ip
Service Providers
SSR w/ LSNAT
Enterprise/Campus
High
Availabilty
Features
 Content verification
 Checks server, application
and content operation
 VRRP
 Hot Bypass
Round Robin, Priority Ratio
Observed, Predictive, Least or
Fastest Connections,
 Session ID and SSL
 Source IP, Mask, Node
 Destination (caching)
Filtering, Default Deny,
SSH/SSL, Trace Routing, IP
Address check, NAT, ACL
Integrates with 3DNS
 Load Sharing NAT (LSNAT)
 VRRP
 Dual PSU
Load
Balancing
Features
Persistence
Security
Distributed
Solution
1999 Cabletron Systems
Round Robin, Weighted RR,
Least Loaded, Weighted LL
None
As per SSR 3.0
None
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Feature
Target Market
Presentation
Internal Product Positioning
IP Accounting - The Technology
David Delcourt
Advanced Applications Manager
1999 Cabletron Systems
• Enterprise & Public Services
– Planning and Resource Allocation
Presentation
Accounting & Planning
– Quality of Service Association
• ISP & Telco
– Service Billing
– New Service Deployment
• Out-Source
– Service Billing
– Service Level Proof of Delivery
• So many businesses want to understand their
communications ‘profiles’
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
– Expense Appropriation
• Traffic Accounting
– Cost effective way to baseline traffic flows
Presentation
Monitoring and Feedback
– Traffic and Resource reporting
• Reporting by
– Individual
– Department
– Application
• Local or Wide Area Network reporting
• Cost effective, highly accurate business reporting tool
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
– Long term network usage recording
• Expense Appropriation
• Bill departments or groups
Presentation
IP Traffic Accounting
• Aggregate bandwidth consumption by application
• Capacity and growth planning
• Reporting
• Reports can be generated and emailed on a scheduled interval.
• Daily, weekly, and monthly reports for each user, department, or
company.
• Report activity of critical resources such as file servers, mail
servers, and database servers.
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Usage reports for users
• Cabletron Traffic Accountant (CTA)
– Interrogating, Viewing and Storing Data
Presentation
Component Parts of Accounting
– Data Collector
• SmartSwitch Router
– Infrastructure
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Flow Accounting Server (FAS)
• The Cabletron Traffic Accountant, CTA, performs
many tasks
Presentation
Cabletron Traffic Accountant
• The CTA receives files from the FAS and looks at the SIP/DIP pairs as well as
Source/Destination Ports to determine conversations
• Many flows then get “aggregated” down to a single entry in the database
– Integration
• After the Aggregation is done, the information must be entered into the database
• Costing and Directory matching is done at this time as well
– Reports and Queries
• There are over 30 different prepared reports and queries that can be run against
the data
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
– Aggregation
• The Flow Accounting Server, FAS, provides several key
features
– Scalable
Presentation
Flow Accounting Server
• The FAS organises the messages by source SSR and Flow ID
– Fault Tolerant
• The FAS can be Primary for one group of Smart Switch Routers and also be
Secondary for another group of SSR’s
• When an SSR must switch from a Primary to a Secondary FAS, the Flow ID is the
unique identifier to keep track of the flow status
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• The FAS can accept up to 8000 LFPS messages per second
• The SSR has a Lightweight Flow
Accounting Protocol, LFAP, agent
embedded in firmware
– Part of firmware version 2.0.0.0 and later
– LFAP is a TCP orientated protocol that
“pushes” flow information from the SSR
to the FAS
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• The SmartSwitch Router, SSR, is a
required element of the Accounting
model
Presentation
SmartSwitch Router
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Presentation
Accounting ‘Element’ Model
1999 Cabletron Systems
Layer 4 Capabilities
attract a wider customer
audience
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Presentation
Traffic Differentiation Model
CTA
Presentation
Deployment Architecture
PC/NT 4.0
FAS
SPARC/Solaris 2.5.1
FAS
FAS
Backup FAS’s
LFAP
SSR
SSR
1999 Cabletron Systems
SSR
SSR
SSR
SSR
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
FTP
CTA
FAS
FAS
Primary Policy
Policy
Accounting
Accounting
Acct
FAS
FAS
Policy
Policy
Accounting
Accounting
Acct
Acct
Policy
SSR
1999 Cabletron Systems
SSR
SSR
Acct
SSR
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Presentation
Typical Schema
• Customer Business Need
– Understand network traffic
patterns for capacity planning
Flow
Accounting
Server (FAS)
LFAP
– Bill customers for application
usage
– Understand application usage
• Cabletron’s Network
Solution
– SmartSwitch Router 8000/8600
– Flow Accounting Server (Sun
Ultra application
– Cabletron Traffic Accountant
(NT application)
Web
Content/Application
Servers
1999 Cabletron Systems
Cabletron Traffic
Accountant
(CTA)
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
Internet
Presentation
ISP Traffic Accounting Solution
– Industry leading 32M pps
Switch/Routing performance
while collecting stats (SSR)
– Industry unique application flow
recording (SSR/FAS)
• Customer Business Benefits
– Reduced cost of ownership from
better utilization of resources
– Reduced equipment cost by
provisioning for real application
volume
– Industry unique LFAP based data
collection aggregator (FAS)
– Reduced Management costs
from policy based usage and
accounting
– Customer and standard report
templates for capacity planning &
billing (CTA)
– Increased revenue from
understanding application use
and streamlining e-commerce
traffic
– Exception reporting for abnormal
usage notification
– Increased performance from
identifying network hogs
– Performance reports for capacity
planning
– Ability to bill or charge-back for
server use
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
• Cabletron Advantage
Presentation
ISP Traffic Accounting Solution
• Cabletron Systems are leading the industry for
– Policy
Presentation
Summary
– Accounting
• Cabletron Systems has a complete set of services and
solutions, not just one off products or concepts
• Cabletron Systems has the hardware platforms ie.
SmartSwitch and SmartSwitch Routers to run these
services
• We have the Channel & Partners to deliver to our
customers
1999 Cabletron Systems
Survival & Growth - Enterprise
– Directory