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In Situ Conservation and Use of Crop Wild Relatives in three ACP countries of SADC region CWR conservation planning in the SADC region Joana Magos Brehm, Hannes Gaisberger, Eve Allen, Shelagh Kell, Mauricio Parra-Quijano, Imke Thormann, Ehsan Dulloo and Nigel Maxted 1st International Agrobiodiversity Congress - Science, Technology, Policy and Partnership 6-9 November 2016, New Delhi, India IN THIS PRESENTATION... • Introduction to the SADC region • CWR conservation planning in the region • Integrating national and regional conservation priorities • Next steps • Key messages In Situ Conservation and Use of Crop Wild Relatives in three ACP countries of SADC region THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC) Important diversity of wild relatives of: coffee, cucurbits (cucumber, gherkin, melon), eggplant, lettuce, millets, okra, pulses (cowpea, pigeon pea, sword bean), rice, sorghum and watermelon Oryza longistaminata cf. (Graybill Munkombwe) Solanum panduriforme (Livhuwani Nkuna) Sorghum sp. (Dickson Ng’uni) Coffea mauritiana (Ehsan Dulloo) CWR CONSERVATION PLANNING IN THE SADC REGION Development of food and beverage CWR checklist for the SADC region Prioritization of CWR for conservation action Identification of hotspots and priority sites for in situ conservation and ex situ collection DEVELOPMENT OF CWR PARTIAL CHECKLIST DATA SOURCES Food and beverage CWR checklist for the SADC region FLORA CHECKLIST • Harlan and de Wet Inventory [cwrdiversity.org – Vincent et al. 2013] • GRIN Taxonomy for Plants [www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl – USDA Agricultural Research Service] CROP GENERA • SPGRC species lists, including taxa in the base collection • FAOSTAT [http://faostat3.fao.org/home/E] • Various other online resources DEVELOPMENT OF CWR PARTIAL CHECKLIST RESULTS • The SADC region contains a wealth of CWR diversity with > 1,900 spp. • Food and beverage crops with native CWR diversity in the region include asparagus, coffee, cucurbits (cucumber, gherkin, melon), eggplant, lettuce, millet, okra, pulses (e.g. cowpea, pigeon pea, sword bean), rice, sesame seed, sorghum, sugarcane, sweet potato and watermelon • Many other crops of socio-economic importance have wild relatives in the region, including several minor food crops and species related to non-food crops (e.g. herbs, spices, environmental, industrial, ornamental, medicinal, forestry) Coffea macrocarpa (Mukesh Ragoo) Solanum lichtensteinii (Livhuwani Nkuna) Oryza longistaminata (Graybill Munkombwe) PRIORITIZATION OF CWR FOR REGIONAL CONSERVATION ACTION • More than 1,900 CWR species occur in the region • Which species are the highest priorities for conservation action? Species related to crops important for food and economic security Species with greatest potential for utilization in crop improvement programmes Sesamum alatum (SANBI) PRIORITIZATION OF CWR FOR REGIONAL CONSERVATION ACTION 60 food or beverage crops/crop groups reported by FAO in the SADC region 34 food or beverage crops in the SPGRC base collection 27 other cultivated food or beverage species in the SPGRC database In total, 91 food or beverage crops/crop groups cultivated in the region 731 CWR species related to 75 of these crops/crop groups occur in the SADC region Exclude invasive taxa to the region Potential or confirmed uses in crop improvement 100 CWR species (113 taxa) – PIORITY CWR PRIORITIZATION OF CWR FOR REGIONAL CONSERVATION ACTION RESULTS Coffea mauritiana (Ehsan Dulloo) Vigna sp. (Dickson Ng’uni) Eleusine indica (Graybill Munkombwe) OCCURRENCE DATA ANALYSES IN THE SADC REGION Collation and verification of occurrence data for priority CWR (110 taxa - 11,092 records) Diversity analyses (hotspots, complementarity, ecogeographic) In situ and ex situ gap analyses Climate change analysis Conservation recommendations HOTSPOT ANALYSIS GAP ANALYSES SADC CWR poorly conserved both ex situ and in situ: • 50% not conserved ex situ • of those conserved ex situ, 40% have <5 pops., and 16% have only 1! • 17% outside PAs exclusively • those that occur within PAs are not monitored or actively managed Predicted taxon richness [SDM (77 taxa) + CA50 (36 taxa)] HOW IS CLIMATE CHANGE PREDICTED TO AFFECT CWR DIVERSITY? RCP4.5 - 2.06C (SADC) Change of taxon richness [(75 taxa) 2050, RCP4.5] RCP8.5 - 2.55C (SADC) Change of taxon richness [(75 taxa) 2050, RCP8.5] HOW IS CLIMATE CHANGE PREDICTED TO AFFECT CWR DIVERSITY? WINNERS LOSERS ECOGEOGRAPHIC DIVERSITY AS A PROXY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY • Describes different environments of territory • 16 generalist variables, Calinski method • CAPFITOGEN (http://www.capfitogen.net) GEOPHYSIC EDAPHIC BIOCLIMATIC Altitude Annual precipitation Slope Topsoil organic carbon Topsoil pH (H2O) Latitude Topsoil silt fraction Longitude Topsoil sand fraction Topsoil gravel content Topsoil clay fraction Topsoil TEB Precipitation seasonality (coefficient of variation) Isothermality Max temperature of warmest month Min temperature of coldest month WHERE TO CONSERVE IN SITU PRIORITY CWR DIVERSITY? Conserve in situ whole range of ecogeographic diversity BUT populations that persist in the future WHERE TO CONSERVE IN SITU PRIORITY CWR DIVERSITY? Conserve in situ whole range of ecogeographic diversity BUT populations that persist in the future Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa and Tanzania - important areas for conserving CWR diversity predicted not to be negatively impacted by climate change PA complementarity network: 133 PAs in 13 countries cover 89 CWR + 50% their ecogeographic diversity Outside-PA complementarity network: 163 sites in 13 countries cover 21 CWR + remaining ecogeographic diversity INTEGRATING NATIONAL AND REGIONAL CONSERVATION PRIORITIES ZAMBIA But how? SADC REGION SOUTH AFRICA (ZARI 2016) (DAFF 2016) TWO CORE LEVELS OF CONSERVATION PLANNING WHAT NEXT? • Ex situ conservation planning and recommendations • Development of concept of the SADC Strategic Action Plan for the Conservation and Utilization of CWR • Feedback by appropriate regional stakeholders (SPGRC...) • Endorsement and implementation! In Situ Conservation and Use of Crop Wild Relatives in three ACP countries of SADC region KEY MESSAGES • SADC region contains a wealth of CWR diversity. • Hotspots of priority CWR have been identified in the region (Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania…). • In situ conservation network has been planned taking into account both ecogeographic diversity and climate change impact (133 PAs + 163 sites outside PAs). • DRC, South Africa and Tanzania are key countries for the conservation of CWR diversity predicted not to be negatively impacted by climate change in the region. • National and regional conservation priorities should be integrated into an Integrated CWR conservation strategy for the region In Situ Conservation and Use of Crop Wild Relatives in three ACP countries of SADC region In Situ Conservation and Use of Crop Wild Relatives in three ACP countries of SADC region THANK YOU! 1st International Agrobiodiversity Congress - Science, Technology, Policy and Partnership 6-9 November 2016, New Delhi, India