Download The-Muslim-World-Pt.

Bell Work
Thursday 10/03
Look in your book beginning on page 263 to find
the answers
• 1. Why is the Qur’an considered holy only
when written in Arabic?
• 2. What is the sunna designed to show?
• 3.What does the shar’ia help regulate?
Beliefs and Practices of Islam
• Sunna- The model for
proper living
• Shari’a- A body of law
assembled from the
teachings of the Qur’an
and Sunna
– Regulated family life,
moral conduct, and
business and community
life
The Muslim World (Pt. 2)
Chapter 10
Section 2-Islam Expands
Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam
• Muslims wanted to
carry on Islam but
Muhammad had not
named a successor
– They were not sure
how to choose a new
leader
Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam
• “Rightly Guided” Caliphs– Caliph-Successor or deputy
– After the prophets death many
Muslims left Islam others
rebelled
• Abu-Bakr-Friend of
Muhammad and 1st Caliph used
the Qur’an for guidance
– Called for Jihad to justify and
expand Islam
Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam
• Umar– Conquered Syria and lower Egypt and parts of
the Sassanid Empire
• Uthman and Ali– Continued expansion and by 750 the Muslim
empire stretched 6,000 miles from the Atlantic
Ocean to the Indus River
• Jihad- Striving (an inner struggle against
evil)
Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam
• Reasons for Success– The four “Rightly Guided” Caliphs saw their
victories as a sign of Allah’s support
– By the time Muslim armies arrived the
Byzantine and Sassanid armies were exhausted
– Oppressed people welcomed the Muslims as
“Liberators”
– Islam was attractive and offered equality and
hope
• Also Muslims did not have to pay a poll tax
Internal Conflict Creates a Crisis
• Sunni-Shi’s Split– Shi’a- Party of Ali
• Believed that the Caliph should be
a descendent of the prophet
– Sunni- Followers of
Muhammad’s example
– Sufi- Rejected the luxury of the
Umayyad’s life style instead
they pursued poverty and
spirituality
Section 3-Muslim Culture
Muslim Society
• Four Social Classes– Upper Class- Muslims from
birth
– Second Class- Muslim
converts
– Third Class- The “Protected
People” (Jews and
Christians)
– Lower Class- Slaves (all
non-Muslim)
Muslim Society
• Role of Women• The Quran says “Men are the
managers of the affairs of women”
and “Righteous Women are
Obedient”
• Men and women as believers are
equal
• Shari’a granted rights
– Marriage
– Property
– Family
Muslim Scholarship Extends
Knowledge
• Reasons for supporting
science and knowledge
– Wanted skilled physicians
to treat their ills
– Used math and astronomy
to calculate times of
prayer
– Even the Prophet
Muhammad revered the
power of learning
Muslim Scholarship Extends
Knowledge
• Muslim Literature
– The Qur’an is the
most beautiful
form of Arabic
literature and
poetry
Muslim Scholarship Extends
Knowledge
• Muslim Art and
Architecture– Muslims also believed that
only Allah could create
living beings so they
perfected calligraphy (hand
drawings)
• Also used woodwork, glass,
and ceramics