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- National - Advanced Placement* CORRELATION GUIDE Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationships By Eldon Enger and Bradley Smith Twelfth Edition, © 2010 ISBN 9780078936425 Based on College Board Curriculum Guide: AP Environmental Science May 2010, May 2011 *AP and Advanced Placement Program are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of and does not endorse this product. Environmental Science (Enger), 12th G29245.30 Advanced Placement Correlation Guide I A B C D AP Topic Page #s Earth Systems and Resources (10-15%) Earth Science Concepts Geological time scale Plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanism Seasons Solar intensity and latitude NA p. 109, 239, 265, 273-274, 289290, 366, 375 NA NA The Atmosphere Composition Structure Weather and climate Atmospheric circulations and the Coriolis Effect Atmosphere-ocean interactions ENSO p. 366 p. 366 p. 114-115 p. 366 NA NA Global Water Resources and Use Freshwater/saltwater Ocean circulation Agricultural, industrial and domestic use Surface and groundwater issues Global problems Conservation p. 335-338 NA p. 339-346 p. 346-360 p. 29, 164, 353, 359, 362 p. 301-305, 340-344, 358-360, 435 Soil and Soil Dynamics Rock Cycle Formation Composition Physical and chemical properties Main soil types Erosion and other soil problems Soil conservation NA p. 292 p. 292-293 p. 292-298 p. 294-298 p. 298-300 p. 301-308 Environmental Science (Enger), 12th G29245.30 II A B C D E The Living World (10-15%) Ecosystem Structure Biological populations and communities Ecological niches Interactions among species Keystone species Species diversity and edge effects Major terrestrial and aquatic biomes p. 84-85, 94-95, 140 p. 83-84 p. 89-98 p. 95-96 p. 237-239 p. 115-136 Energy Flow Photosynthesis and cellular respiration Food webs and trophic levels Ecological pyramids p. 71-72 p. 97-101 p. 96 Ecosystem Diversity Biodiversity Natural selection Evolution Ecosystem services p. 87-88, 123-124, 137, 199, 235262, 303, 325-326 p. 84-89 p. 84-89 p. 239-242 Natural Ecosystem Change Climate shifts Species movement Ecological succession p. 378-379 p. 143, 195, 207, 236-238, 253 p. 109-113 Natural Biogeochemical Cycles Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfer Water Conservation of matter Environmental Science (Enger), 12th p. 98-101 p. 101-102 p. 102-103 NA p. 337-339, 381-383 NA G29245.30 III Population (10-15%) A Population Biology Concepts Population ecology Carrying capacity Reproductive strategies Survivorship p. 140-149 p. 146 p. 148-149 p. 141 Human Population Human Population Dynamics Historical population sizes Distribution Fertility rates Growth rates and doubling times Demographic transition Age-structure diagrams p. 149-151 p. 142, 154-155, 163 p. 154 p. 149-151, 153-154 p. 161-162 p. 163 B 1 2 3 IV A Population size Strategies for sustainability Case Studies National policies p. 146-147, 161, 268-270 p. 152, 165 p. 155-158, 162-163, 165-166, 428-432, 435 Impacts of population growth Hunger Disease Economic effects Resource use Habitat destruction p. 27-28, 158-161, 309, 314 p. 143-145, 265 p. 151-153, 164-165 p. 157-158, 164-165 p. 165-166, 235-236, 242-251 Land and Water Use (10 - 15%) Agriculture 1 2 Feeding a growing population Human nutritional requirements Types of agriculture Green Revolution Genetic engineering and crop production Deforestation Irrigation Sustainable agriculture Controlling pests Types of pesticides Cost and benefits of pesticides use Environmental Science (Enger), 12th NA p. 312-314, 326 p. 312-314 p. 329-331 p. 30, 56, 104, 152, 175-176, 256, 299 p. 8-9, 342-343, 355-356, 358-360 p. 310, 324-327 p. 315-319 p. 27-28, 32, 86-87, 236, 320-325, G29245.30 Integrated pest management Relevant laws B Forestry Tree plantations Old growth forests Forest fires Forest management National forest C Rangelands Overgrazing Deforestation Desertification Rangeland management Federal rangelands D 1 2 3 Other land use Urban land development Planned development Suburban sprawl Urbanization Transportation infrastructure Federal Highway systems Canals and channels Road less areas Ecosystem impacts Public and federal lands Management Wilderness areas National parks Wildlife refuges Forests 4 Wetlands Land conservation options Preservation Environmental Science (Enger), 12th 424 p. 327-330 p. 435 NA NA NA p. 5, 9, 15-16, 32, 50-52, 54-55, 113, 171, 196-197, 241-246, 250251, 276 p. 284 p. 246-247, 284 p. 30, 56, 104, 152, 175-176, 256, 299 p. 28, 151, 159, 161, 199, 247248, 256, 299 p. 246-247, 283-284 p. 283-284 p. 264-285 p. 269-274 p. 264-285 p. 271, 279 p. 267, 272-274, 304-305, 355356 p. 6-7, 9, 283-284 p. 271 p. 12, 29, 254, 277-278, 283-284, 300, 308, 332, 435, 447 p. 6-7, 29, 195, 283-284 p. 283-284 p. 3, 137, 147, 262, 284 p. 9, 15-16, 50-52, 54-55, 242246, 241, 276, 332, 447 p. 4, 11, 136-138, 167, 240, 249, 260, 270, 273, 276-277, 285, 304, 354, 358, 360-361 p. 19, 21, 57, 147, 253-254, 301- G29245.30 Remediation Mitigation 5 Restoration Sustainable land-use strategies Sustainable land-use strategies E F G V A B Mining Mineral formation Extraction Global reserves 307 p. 52, 106, 124, 190-191, 351, 354-355 p. 57, 117, 147 p. 52, 106, 124, 190-191, 351, 354-355 p. 12, 18, 54-56, 75, 81, 119, 162, 183, 206, 230, 254, 278, 295, 320, 324-325, 361, 376, 404, 421, 446 Relevant laws and treaties NA p. 189-192, 221, 225, 283 NA p. 23, 226, 229, 412, 416, 424, 435 Fishing Fishing techniques Over fishing Aquaculture Relevant laws and treaties p. 241, 248-249 p. 48-49 p. 131, 133, 248-249 p. 12, 22-23, 25, 34, 254, 257, 435 Global Economics Globalization World Bank Tragedy of the Commons Relevant laws and treaties p. 13, 22, 25-32, 49, 428, 436 p. 46, 57, 256, 443 p. 48 p. 12, 34, 254, 257, 435 Energy Resources and Consumption (10-15%) Energy Concepts Energy forms Power Units Conversions Laws of Thermodynamics p. 72 NA NA NA p. 73-74 Energy Consumption History Industrial Revolution Exponential growth p. 170-174 p. 172 p. 180-181 Environmental Science (Enger), 12th G29245.30 Energy crisis Present global energy use Future energy needs C D E F G Fossil fuel resources and use Formation of coal, oil, and natural gas Extraction/purification methods World reserves and global demand Synfuels Environmental advantages/disadvantages of sources p. 179-182 p. 174-182 p. 180-182, 186-187 p. 187-188 p. 188-194 p. 186-187 p. 197 p. 190-191, 193-196 Nuclear energy Nuclear fission process Nuclear fuel Electricity production Nuclear reactor types Environmental advantages/disadvantages Safety issues Radiation and human health Radioactive wastes Nuclear fusion p. 218-219 p. 221-222 p. 218-220 p. 218-220 p. 221, 224-229 p. 216-217, 222-229 p. 215-217, 224 p. 224-227 p. 220 Hydroelectric power Dams Flood control Salmon Silting Other impacts p. 199-201, 344-346 p. 42, 199-201, 244, 274, 344, 346 p. 201 p. 200-201, 301 p. 200-201 Energy conservation Energy efficiency CAFÉ standards (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) Hybrid electric vehicles Mass transit Renewable energy Solar energy Solar electricity Hydrogen fuel cells Biomass Environmental Science (Enger), 12th p. 207-208, 383 NA p. 209 p. 271, 279-280 p. 201-204 p. 203-204 p. 209-210 p. 196-199 G29245.30 Wind energy Small-scale hydroelectric Ocean waves and tidal energy Geothermal Environmental advantages/disadvantages IV Pollution (25-30%) A Pollution types Air pollution Sources- primary and secondary Major air pollutants Measurement units Smog Acid deposition- causes and effects Heat islands and temperature inversions Indoor air pollution Remediation and reduction strategies Clean Air Act and other relevant laws Noise pollution Sources Effects Control Measures Water pollution Types Sources, causes and effects Culture eutrophication Groundwater pollution Maintaining water quality Water purification Sewage treatment/septic systems Clean Water Act and other relevant laws Solid Waste Types Disposal Reduction 1 2 3 4 B 1 2 p. 204-205 p. 200 p. 206-207 p. 205-206 p. 199-200, 204-207 p. 366-373 p. 367-373 p. 368, 374 p. 371-372 p. 375-378 p. 373 p. 385-387 p. 70, 373-375 p. 373-374, 435 p. 387-389 p. 387-389 p. 389 p. 346-352 p. 59, 104-105, 315, 333, 346-352 p. 135, 319, 348 p. 352 p. 339-346, 356-358 p. 339-341 p. 356-358 p. 435 p. 393-395 p. 395-401 p. 401-406 Impacts on the environment and human health Hazards to human health Environmental risks analysis p. 37-40 Acute and chronic effects p. 414 Dose-response relationships p. 40-41, 216 Air pollutants p. 367-373, 385-387 Smoking and other risks p. 385-386 Hazardous chemicals in the environment Types of hazardous waste p. 410-417 Environmental Science (Enger), 12th G29245.30 Treatment/disposal of hazardous waste Cleanup of contaminated sites Biomagnifications Relevant laws C Economic impacts Cost-benefit analysis Externalities Marginal costs Sustainability p. 15, 419-424 p. 416-424 p. 320 p. 411-418, 423-424, 435 p. 45-47 p. 44, 50-51 NA p. 5, 12, 21, 26, 54-56, 146-147, 183, 268-270, 358-360, 436, 445 VII Global Change (10-15%) A B C 1 2 3 Stratospheric ozone Formation of stratospheric ozone Ultraviolet radiation Causes of ozone depletion Effects of ozone depletion Strategies for reducing ozone depletion Relevant laws and treaties p. 378 p. 378 p. 32, 378 p. 378 p. 378 p. 32, 378, 435, 443 Global warming Greenhouse gases and the greenhouse effect Impacts and consequences of global warming Reducing climate change Relevant laws and treaties p. 379-381 p. 381-383 p. 383-385 p. 384-385, 435 Loss of biodiversity Habitat loss Overuse Pollution Introduced species Endangered and extinct species Maintenance through conservation Relevant laws and treaties Environmental Science (Enger), 12th p. 137, 235-236, 240, 242-248 p. 48, 248 p. 44-45, 236 p. 49, 250 p. 235-236, 244, 253-254, 261262 p. 57, 147, 195, 253-254, 258-261 p. 12, 23, 34, 254, 257, 360, 435 G29245.30