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Week 9: Kingdom Animalia Lower Invertebrates Today: 2 PPP Concept Map Due: Mon.-Tues.: 10/21 Wed.-Fri.: 10.22 Fact or Fiction: Group 6 presents Week 10 Critique Due: Mon.-Tues.: 10/28 Wed.-Fri.: 10/29 DARS Assignment Due: Week 12 (11/7-11/11) Kingdom Animalia: Lower Invertebrates Characteristics: Three main characteristics in which animals are classified: Body ___________ Presence or absence of a _____________ Presence or absence of _____________ What is an Invertebrate? Lack _____________ _______________ Organisms Varying Body Structures Occupy almost every habitat Make up 95% of all known animal species Phylum Porifera: __________ Also known as: _____________ Lack: Vertebrae True _________ True organs Mostly Marine ____________: remain in one place throughout their life Sponge Skeleton: Made of spicules secreted by ______________________ Osculum: Large opening in a sponge which water is expelled _______________: Undergo filter-feeding by creating a water current with the flagella Sponge Reproduction: Sexual Dioecious: has ________ male or female parts Asexual Monoecious: has _________ male and female parts Methods: Regeneration Budding Gemmules Eumetazoans: All have True Tissues Have 2 types of Body Symmetry: ____________ ____________ Radial Eumetazoans: ___________: Several planes of symmetry down a central axis No ability to differentiate between front, back, left, or right Contain _________ and ________ Surfaces Examples: Jellyfish, Hydra, Coral, Sea Anemones Contains: Phylum Cnidaria Class _____________ Class _____________ Class _____________ Phylum Ctenophora Phylum ______________ Characteristics: Possess true tissues (Eumetozoa) _____________: 2 tissue layeres Epidermis: __________ layer Gastrodermis: ___________ layer Radial Symmetry Incomplete digestive tract No _________: waste passes through the mouth 2 distinct ____________ body forms: Polyp: sessile (anemone form) Medusa: motile (jellyfish form) Examples: Jellyfish, Hydra, and Sea Anemones ________________- specialized cells that contain stinging structures called _____________ Metagenesis: alternation between the 2 diploid body forms (polyp and medusa) Phylum Cnidaria: Classes Class Hydrozoa Alternate between medusa and polyp form ________________________________ Examples: Portuguese Man O’War, Hydra, Fire coral Class Scyphozoa Alternate between medusa and polyp form _________________________________ Examples: Jellyfish, Box-jellies, Sea wasp Class Anthozoa _________________________________ Examples: most Corals, Sea Fans, Sea Anemones Phylum Ctenophora Characteristics: Diploblastic Exhibit bioluminescence No nematocysts (usually) ___________________: cells with adhesion to capture prey Planktonic: move with the ocean currents Comb Jellies: Possess 8 comb rows of _______________________ Largest organism to use cilia for locomotion Usually have a pair of retractable tentacles Resemble the medusa stage of Cnidarians Bilateral Eumetazoans Animals that possess ______________________ can be cut in half along the central axis Contain anterior/posterior, ventral/dorsal areas of the body _____________________ has evolved Resulting in use of their head for orientation ______________________: 3 germ layers (Ecto-, Meso-, Endoderm) We will talk about: Phylum Platyhelminthes Phylum Rotifera Phylum Nematoda Phylum Mollusca Phylum Platyhelminthes Also known as __________________ Acoelomate No body cavity Triploblastic: 3 germ layers __________________: outer layer __________________: middle layer __________________: inner layer Hermaphrodites: posses male and female parts Gas Exchange occurs across the body surface Phylum Rotifera _________________ Organisms Pseudocoelomate body cavity Complete digestive tract with mouth and anus Reproduce via __________________________: Asexual reproduction where embryo development occurs without fertilization In some species, only females are known to exist Phylum Nematoda Pseudocoelomate body cavity Free living and parasitic species Extremely abundant Bodies are not segmented Only have longitudinal muscles Phylum Nemertea Commonly called: _______________________ Possess a ________________ for feeding/capturing prey First group to develop: ________________ digestive tract Closed circulatory system Frazier’s Students: Nematea is a pseudocoelomate Evidence suggests body cavity is partially lined with mesoderm Brooks’ Students: Nematea is an acoelomate Evidence suggests no body cavity Phylum Mollusca Coelomates: Have a coelom/body cavity completely lined with mesoderm ___________________: Mouth forms before their Anus Aquatic and Terrestrial forms: Aquatic respiration mostly through gills Terrestrials use vascularization of mantle cavity as a lung ________________________________ shells
