Download Fowler`s Physics Applets – Two

Nelson Thornes/AQA A2 Physics A Weblinks
Chapter 1 – Forces and momentum
URL
www.vjc.moe.edu.sg/fasttrack/physics/Momentum.htm
http://faraday.physics.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/Flash/C
lassMechanics/AirTrack/AirTrack.html
www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/Flas
h/ClassMechanics/VertCircular/VertCircular.html
Descriptive name
Description
FastTrack@VJC –
Elastic Collision
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Classical
Mechanics Animation
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Classical
Mechanics Animation
Use data to verify conservation of linear momentum.
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/momentum/Momentum.html
Global View –
Mechanics –
Momentum
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/
Applets/Collision/jarapplet.html
Fowler's Physics
Applets – Twodimensional
Collisions
Learn Physics Using
Java (C K Ng) –
Mechanics – Drop an
object onto a moving
trolley
Vidshell
www.ngsir.netfirms.com/englishhtm/DropABrick.htm
http://cripe03.rug.ac.be/Vidshell/Vidshell.htm
http://www.iihs.org/videos/
http://www.redlake.com/gallery/videos/VIT.aspx
IIHS – Understanding
Car Crashes: It's
Basic Physics
Redlake – Vehicle
Impact Testing –
Air Track Collisions (Collisions on an Air Track). Elastic
and inelastic collisions on an air track, with different
masses for the target cart.
Vertical Circular Motion (A Mass Moving in a Vertical
Circle). A mass is in circular motion in the vertical plane.
The animation shows the weight and force exerted by
the tension in the string.
This applet concerns conservation of linear momentum
and to some extent simulates the standard air track cart
demonstration in physics. The applet has two modes,
elastic, which is represented by a collision between a
lightweight cannon projectile that sticks to a heavier cart
and inelastic which is represented by the collision of two
railroad carts on a frictionless track. Parameter tags
control the masses and momentum of the objects.
With this applet, you can fire one ball at a stationary ball
and watch the collision simultaneously in the lab frame
and centre of mass frame. There are simple controls to
change the angle of the collision and ratio of masses.
Drop an object onto a moving trolley. The "Start" button
will become the "Drop" button after it is pressed. The
ground on which the trolley moves is frictionless.
Download the video analysis software and see the video
clips database.
Video and teacher’s guide. Go behind the scenes to
explore the basic science behind car crashes. Watch the
trailer.
10 second high speed video of an Audi in a crash test
that shows the rapid deployment of the airbag and the
www.physclips.unsw.edu.au
Barrier crash test
Physclips –
Momentum
effect of the crumple zone.
Module 9 – Momentum and Collisions. Hyperlink to
some of the related material while you wait:
- Momentum, Newton’s laws and collisions
- Collision examples and calculations
- Collisions in two dimensions.
Momentum: Download all animations in this module.
Descriptive name
Description
Animations for
Physics and
Astronomy –
Mechanics – Circular
Motion
Animations for
Physics and
Astronomy –
Mechanics – Motion
in a Vertical Circle
Physics at PSU Simulations
See ‘Car on a Level Track (new)’ and ‘Car on a Banked
Frictionless Track (new)’. You can embed the video in a
webpage or downloaded the media file.
www.physclips.unsw.edu.au/site_map.htm
Chapter 2 – Motion in a circle
URL
http://rt210.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/Phys_anim.htm
http://rt210.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/Phys_anim.htm
http://rt210.sl.psu.edu/simulations/physlets/newtons_ca
nnonSimulation_dsp.html
www.physclips.unsw.edu.au
www.physclips.unsw.edu.au/site_map.htm
www.funderstanding.com/k12/coaster
www.fun-motion.com/physics-games/armadillo-run
http://jvsc.jst.go.jp/find/rikigaku/english/index.htm
Chapter 3 – Simple harmonic motion
Physclips – Circular
Motion
Funderstanding
Roller Coaster!
Fun-Motion –
Armadillo Run
JST Virtual Science
Center – The Physics
of Amusement Parks
See ‘Coasting Through a Vertical Loop (with Reaction
Forces)’, ‘Car Coasting Through a Vertical Loop’ and
‘Car Failing to Coast Through a Loop’. You can embed
the video in a webpage or downloaded the media file.
Set the projectile speed and fire the cannon. See if you
can make the cannonball orbit the planet. See if you can
make the orbit circular. (The "cheat" button picks the
correct speed for a circular orbit.)
Module 3 – Circular Motion. Hyperlink to Background
material for Circular Motion.
Circular Motion: Download all animations in this module.
Design the coaster so that you can achieve maximum
thrills and chills without crashing or flying off the track
(unless that's how you like your coaster to work!).
Armadillo Run is a build-and-simulate puzzle game –
Download Armadillo Run Game Demo.
These pages are about the dynamics of amusement
park rides. See ‘Lets study forces – Turning’.
URL
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/SimpleHarmonicMoti
on/
http://rt210.sl.psu.edu/simulations/physlets/oscillations_
circlesSimulation.html
www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/Flas
h/ClassMechanics/Circular2SHM/Circular2SHM.html
www.upscale.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/Flash/ClassMe
chanics/SHM/TwoSHM.html
www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/Flas
h/ClassMechanics/DampedSHM/DampedSHM.html
http://faraday.physics.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/Flash/T
rigDiff/TrigDiff.html
www.physclips.unsw.edu.au
www.physclips.unsw.edu.au/site_map.htm
www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=148
http://physicsanimations.com/Physics/English/mech.htm
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Description
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – Simple
Harmonic Motion
Physics at PSU Simulations
It helps to understand simple harmonic motion by linking
the vertical position of the moving object to a point on a
circle. (Mathematica Player free download needed to run
the demonstration.)
Harmonic Oscillations from Circular Motion, showing
position, velocity and acceleration graphs. You can
change the radius and frequency of oscillation.
Simple Harmonic Motion 1 – Demonstrating that one
component of uniform circular motion is simple harmonic
motion.
Simple Harmonic Motion 2 – Illustrating and comparing
Simple Harmonic Motion for a spring-mass system and
for a oscillating hollow cylinder.
Damped Simple Harmonic Motion. The damping factor
may be controlled with a slider. The maximum available
damping factor of 100 corresponds to critical damping.
The Derivation of the Sine Function – An animation
illustrating that the derivative of a sine function is a
cosine.
Module 4 – Simple Harmonic Motion.
Circular Motion: Download all animations in this module.
Watch and find out the relation between uniform circular
motion and simple harmonic motion.
Harmonic oscillation. An oscillating pendulum leaves a
trace in the form of a sinusoid.
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Classical
Mechanics Animation
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Classical
Mechanics Animation
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Classical
Mechanics Animation
Upscale – DM
Harrison –
Miscellaneous
Physclips – Simple
Harmonic Motion
CoLoS – Simple
Harmonic Motion
Kagi Online –
Physics Animations –
Mechanics –
Harmonic oscillation
Chapter 4 – Gravitational fields
URL
www.physclips.unsw.edu.au
http://phys23p.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/mech/indexer_me
ch.html
Descriptive name
Description
Physicsclips –
Gravity
Animations for
Physics and
Astronomy –
Module 11 – Gravity.
Gravitation – Cavendish experiment to determine G.
You can embed the video in a webpage or downloaded
the media file.
http://physicsanimations.com/Physics/English/mech.htm
www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=398
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/
flashlets/home.htm
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/
flashlets/NewtMtn/NewtMtn.html
Mechanics –
Gravitation
Kagi Online –
Physics Animations –
Mechanics
CoLoS –
Projectile/Satellite
Orbits
Physics Flashlets –
Newton’s Cannon on
a Mountain
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/
flashlets/Slingshot.htm
Jupiter Slingshot
http://orbit.medphys.ucl.ac.uk/orbit.html
Orbiter – Space
Flight Simulator
See:
-
Satellite motion. Geo-stationary orbit. Kepler's
law. Low Earth Orbit satellites. "Iridium".
- Motion of the body in the presence of the
gravitational field.
Projectile Orbits and Satellite orbits: Newton’s Cannon –
Newton had observed that any projectile launched
horizontally is, in a sense, an Earth satellite.
Newton imagined a cannon firing horizontally from a
mountaintop far above the atmosphere: he showed a
fast enough cannonball would go into orbit.
Find out for yourself how a gravitational boost from a
moving planet can get you to the far reaches of the Solar
System.
ORBITER is a free flight simulator that goes beyond the
confines of Earth's atmosphere. Launch the Space
Shuttle from Kennedy Space Center to deploy a satellite,
rendezvous with the International Space Station or take
the futuristic Delta-glider for a tour through the solar
system - the choice is yours.
Chapter 5 – Electric fields
URL
www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/Flas
h/EM/FieldLines/FieldLines.html
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/ElectricDipolePotenti
al
www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/Flas
h/EM/Coulomb/Coulomb.html
Descriptive name
Description
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Electricity
and Magnetism
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – Electric
Dipole Potential
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Electricity
and Magnetism
Field Lines (Representing the Electric Field of a Point
Charge) – Illustrating representing an electric field with
field lines.
The electrostatic potential of two point charges.
(Mathematica Player free download needed to run the
demonstration.)
Coulomb's Law – A simulation of an experiment to
determine the dependence of the electrostatic force on
distance.
http://phys23p.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/EM/indexer_EM.ht
ml
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Elec
tric_Field_Hockey
Animations for
Physics and
Astronomy – Electric
Field Lines
PhET – Electric Field
Hockey
http://web.mit.edu/8.02t/www/802TEAL3D/visualizations
/electrostatics/index.htm
MIT Teal Project –
Electrostatics
Electric Field Lines of a Point Charge.
Electric Field Lines of a Dipole: Changing Viewpoint.
Electric Field Lines of a Dipole: Changing Charge
Separation.
Play hockey with electric charges. Place charges on the
ice, then hit start to try to get the puck in the goal. View
the electric field.
Two point Charges – the position and charge of each
particle can be modified in real time, and the field
configuration will update itself accordingly.
Charging a Van de Graff Generator (applet) – shows the
charging of a Van de Graff Generator to a positive
potential when there is a stationary positive charge
sitting above it.
Chapter 6 – Capacitors
URL
http://schools.matter.org.uk/Content/Capacitors/Default.
htm
Descriptive name
Description
Matter Project –
Capacitors
www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=31
CoLoS – RC Circuits
http://lectureonline.cl.msu.edu/~mmp/kap23/RC/app.ht
m
LON-CAPA – The
Applet Collection –
Charging a Capacitor
Provide a definition of capacitance and name its units.
Explain why a capacitor has a maximum working
voltage. Determine experimentally the energy stored in a
capacitor. Explain and determine experimentally the time
constant.
Shows the transient behaviour that occurs when the
capacitor is being charged and discharged.
Change the capacitance and resistance in an RC circuit.
After closing the switch, you can observe the time
evolution of the charging of the capacitor.
URL
www.surendranath.org/AppletsJ2.html
Descriptive name
Description
General Physics
Java Applets – New
Applets
www.vjc.moe.edu.sg/fasttrack/physics/VelocitySelector.
htm
FastTrack@VJC –
Velocity Selector
Click Menu >Electricity >Moving Charge in Electric and
Magnetic Fields
Shows the motion of a positive charged particle subject
to Lorentz force.
Deflect a proton or electron in electrical and magnetic
fields. Show the E and B lines.
Chapter 7 – Magnetic fields
http://phys23p.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/EM/indexer_EM.ht
ml
http://phys23p.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/EM/indexer_EM.ht
ml
http://www.physclips.unsw.edu.au/site_map.htm#consta
nt
Animations for
Physics and
Astronomy – Elec &
Mag – Motion of a
Charge in a Magnetic
Field
Animations for
Physics and
Astronomy – Elec &
Mag – Magnetic
Force
Physclips – Electric
Motors
Charge in a Uniform B Field.
You can embed the video in a webpage or downloaded
the media file.
Descriptive name
Description
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – AC
Transformers
In the simple design shown here, primary coils (blue)
and secondary coils (red) are wound around a
ferromagnetic core. An alternating current in the primary
circuit creates a time-dependent magnetic field in the
core, which, in turn, induces an alternating current in the
secondary circuit, via Faraday's law of electromagnetic
induction. (Mathematica Player free download needed to
run the demonstration.)
Interactive Java Tutorials
Operation of an Electric Motor Using a Constant Voltage
Supply and a Commutator.
You can embed the video in a webpage or downloaded
the media file.
Electric Motors: Download all electric motors animations
(or individually below each thumbnail).
Chapter 8 – Electromagnetic induction
URL
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/ACTransformers
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/faraday/ind
ex.html
Molecular
Expressions:
Electricity and
Magnetism
– Faraday's
Experiment
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/generator/a
c.html
– AC Generator
Action
Faraday's Magnetic Field Induction Experiment. In 1831,
Michael Faraday made his discovery of electromagnetic
induction with an experiment using two coils of wire
wound around opposite sides of a ring of soft iron. Click
on the switch to close and open the circuit.
The AC generator tutorial demonstrates how varying the
frequency of an alternating current can affect both the
voltage produced by the generator, as well as the speed
in which the coil rotates.
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/generator/d
c.html
– DC Generator
Action
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/transformer
/index.html
– How a Transformer
Works
www.surendranath.org/AppletsJ2.html
General Physics
Java Applets – New
Applets
www.mhhe.com/physsci/physical/giambattista/induction/
induction.html
McGraw Hill –
Induction,
Electromagnetic
Fields and
Generators
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Gen
erator
PhET – Generator
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Fara
days_Electromagnetic_Lab
PhET – Faraday’s
Electromagnetic Lab
Similar to the AC generator tutorial, this tutorial also
shows the effect on coil rotation speed and voltage by
increasing and decreasing the frequency in a direct
current generator.
This tutorial explores how transformers are used to
increase or decrease AC voltages and currents in
circuits, and how the operation of transformers is based
on the principal of mutual inductance.
Click Menu >Electricity >Moving Conductor in a
Magnetic Field
Shows a conductor moving in a magnetic field with its
ends sliding on conducting rails.
The Induction applet is designed to allow the user to
explore the phenomenon of induction. Select a type of
magnetic field and experiment with the loop controls and
position of the magnet to see the impact the voltage in
order to develop an intuitive understanding of the
relationship between magnetic and electric fields.
Generate electricity with a bar magnet! Discover the
physics behind the phenomena by exploring magnets
and how you can use them to make a bulb light.
Play with a bar magnet and coils to learn about
Faraday's law. Move a bar magnet near one or two coils
to make a light bulb glow. View the magnetic field lines.
A meter shows the direction and magnitude of the
current. View the magnetic field lines or use a meter to
show the direction and magnitude of the current. You
can also play with electromagnets, generators and
transformers!
Chapter 9 – Radioactivity
URL
www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/Flas
h/Nuclear/Decay/NuclearDecay.html
Descriptive name
Description
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Nuclear
http://lectureonline.cl.msu.edu/~mmp/applist/decay/dec
ay.htm
LON-CAPA – The
Applet Collection –
Nuclear Decays. The decay of 500 atoms of the fictional
element Balonium. Uses a proper Monte Carlo engine to
simulate real decays.
A large number of red atomic nuclei, each obeying the
same decay law. Select the half life time of the nuclei
Radioactive Decay
www.iop.org/activity/education/Projects/Other
Resources/Online_Resources/Teaching_radioactivity/p
age_31313.html
IOP – Schools and
Colleges – Teaching
Radioactivity
www.visualsimulations.co.uk/software.php?program=at
omscope2
Visual Simulations –
AtomScope
http://home.clara.net/darvill/nucrad/index.htm
Andy Darvill's
Science Site Radioacivity
Physics 2000 –
Science Trek –
Isotopes &
Radioactivity
www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/index.pl
with the slider, press the start button, and watch them
decay away as a function of time.
With four, high quality, 3D animations from Teachers TV:
www.teachers.tv/video/27400
- Radiation Ionises the Air
- The Cloud Chamber
- The Spark Counter
- The Properties of Alpha, Beta and Gamma
They are designed to help visualise what is happening at
a microscopic and atomic level.
First select ‘Nuclear and Sub-Atomic’ from the
AtomScope menu and then select the ‘Radioactive
Decay’ option.
Students can record the number of decayed atoms in a
table at 10 second time intervals. When they have
finished they can plot the results on a graph and
calculate the half-life.
Designed for revision of the GCSE Radioactivity topic.
Select ‘Science Trek – Isotopes & Radioactivity’ and
follow the tutorial.
Chapter 10 – Nuclear energy
URL
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Nucl
ear_Physics
Descriptive name
Description
PhET – Nuclear
Physics
http://lectureonline.cl.msu.edu/~mmp/applist/chain/chai
n.htm or
www.lon-capa.org/~mmp/applist/chain/chain.htm
LON-CAPA – The
Applet Collection –
Nuclear Chain
Reaction
ASU – Pressurised
Water Reactor
Start a chain reaction, or introduce non-radioactive
isotopes to prevent one. Watch alpha particles escape
from a Polonium nucleus, causing radioactive alpha
decay. Control energy production in a nuclear reactor!
This applet simulates what happens in a nuclear chain
reaction. Each green dot you see here represents a
nucleus that spontaneously fissions, if a neutron hits it.
www.eas.asu.edu/~holbert/eee460/pwr.html
An explanation of the pressurised water reactor system.
www.atomicarchive.com/Movies/index_movies.shtml
Atomic Archive –
Videos
http://fusedweb.llnl.gov/CPEP
CPEP – FusEdWeb –
Fusion Energy
Education
JET – Energy of the
Future - Fusion 2100
Historic videos illustrating the tremendous effects of a
nuclear explosion, including "Now I become death..."
J. Robert Oppenheimer's reflections of the first atomic
bomb test.
Fusion – Physics of a Fundamental Energy Source.
Click anywhere on this picture to go to the relevant
fusion topic, or try the Guided Tour.
How will a fusion power plant work? At what stage is
fusion research today? The film gives an entertaining
and informative nine-minutes account in which a school
class in 2100 reenacts the development of fusion
energy.
Descriptive name
Description
www2.biglobe.ne.jp/~norimari/science/JavaApp/Mole/eMole.html
Physics 2000 –
Evaporative Cooling
Nori’s Java - Billiards
of Molecules
www.visualsimulations.co.uk/software.php?program=at
omscope2
Visual Simulations –
AtomScope
http://phys23p.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/thermo/indexer_th
ermo.html
Animations for
Physics and
Astronomy – Gases
See how evaporative cooling works, both in your coffee
cup and in Bose-Einstein Condensation.
Billiards of Molecules (What's the difference of gas,
liquid and solid). Drag the marked molecule to the
cluster. The molecule collides the cluster and scater the
molecules of the cluster. And the state chenges to
"Liquid' and "Solid" as the speed gets slower.
First select ‘Physical Processes’ from the AtomScope
menu and then select the ‘Changes of State’ option.
The simulation begins with temperature set to minimum.
A good demonstration is to use the slow heating control
to show the gradual increase in thermal motion, along
with the distinct changes that occur on melting and
evaporating. It takes approximately two minutes for the
temperature to reach maximum.
Selecting the Beaker option makes the liquid phase
clearer to many students.
See ‘Heat Capacity and Sample Size’ and ‘Joules
Experiment to Determine the Mechanical Equivalence of
Heat’. You can embed the video in a webpage or
downloaded the media file.
www.jet.efda.org/pages/multimedia/movies/classroom2
100/index.html
Chapter 11 – Thermal Physics
URL
www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/applets/bec.html
Chapter 12 – Gases
URL
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Gas
_Properties
Descriptive name
Description
PhET – Gas
Properties
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Ball
oons_and_Buoyancy
PhET – Balloons and
Bouyancy
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/Balloon/index.html
Global View –
Thermodynamics –
Balloon
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/
Applets/brownian/brownian.html
Fowler's Physics
Applets - Einstein’s
Explanation of
Brownian Motion
Frederick H.
Willeboordse's
Simulations Gallery –
Classical Physics –
Brownian Motion
Physics Lab – Gas
Laws
Pump gas molecules to a box and see what happens as
you change the volume, add or remove heat, change
gravity, and more. Measure the temperature and
pressure, and discover how the properties of the gas
vary in relation to each other.
Experiment with a helium balloon, a hot air balloon, or a
rigid sphere filled with different gases. Discover what
makes some balloons float and others sink.
This applet shows both the ideal gas law as well as the
Maxwellian Velocity Distribution by using particles inside
a balloon whose temperature can be adjusted. Digital
readouts give the pressure and mean particle speed and
the velocity distribution for a given temperature is
graphically shown. A parameter tag also changes the
state of the balloon to that of a planetary atmosphere
where the concept of escape velocity and the tail of the
velocity distribution can be shown.
This applet demonstrates Brownian motion. the big
particle can be considered as a dust particle while the
smaller particles can be considered as molecules of a
gas.
Brownian Motion! Need I say more?
http://chaos.nus.edu.sg/simulations/Classical%20Physic
s/BrownianMotion/brownian.html
www.physicslab.co.uk/gas.htm
www.explorelearning.com/index.cfm?method=cResourc
e.dspDetail&ResourceID=422
Explore Science –
Boyle’s Law and
Charles’ Law
This program investigates the behavior of an ideal gas.
The relationships between p,V and T, which determine
the state of the gas, can be investigated by proper
control of the variables.
Investigate the properties of an ideal gas by performing
experiments in which the temperature is held constant
(Boyle's Law), and others in which the pressure remains
fixed (Charles' Law). The pressure is controlled through
the placement of masses on the lid of the container, and
www.7stones.com/Homepage/Publisher/Thermo1.html
www.mhhe.com/physsci/physical/giambattista/thermo/th
ermodynamics.html
http://mutuslab.cs.uwindsor.ca/schurko/animations/ideal
atmosphere/idealatmosphere.html
http://aspire.cosmicray.org/javalabs/java12/gaslaws/index.htm?ASPIRE_Se
ssion=6b7adc14e615463b9238612947848ba0
7stones –
Thermodynamics Pressure x Volume
proportional to
Temperature
McGraw Hill – The
Law of
Thermodynamics and
Heat Engines
temperature is controlled with an adjustable heat source.
In this very finite thermodynamics simulation, pressure
P, volume V, and temperature T are compared.
The Thermodynamics applet is designed to study the
relationships between volume, pressure, and
temperature in a gas-filled cylinder and piston system.
Through your selection of different conditions, you can
study four thermodynamic processes.
Windsor Solid State – Every time a molecule in the atmosphere hits the
Ideal Atmosphere
ground, it has an opportunity to pick up energy from the
molecules in the ground, or lose energy to the molecules
in the ground.
ASPIRE – Gas
See Student Labs:
Particles in Motion
Activity 1 - Gas Particles in Motion: Changing Volume
Activity 2 - Gas Particles in Motion: Changing
Activity 3 - Gas Particles in Motion: Changing Volume
and Temperature
Option A – Astrophysics
URL
www.int.pan.wroc.pl/gm/javaphysmath/java/clens/index.
html
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/RayTracingWithLens
es
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/CassegrainTelescop
e
Descriptive name
Description
INTiBS PAN - Image
Formation by a
Converging Lens
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – Ray Tracing
With Lenses
You can move the object around by either clicking and
draging or just clicking in the location of your choice.
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – Cassegrain
Telescope
Using ray tracing, this demonstrates how a perceived
image depends on the various characteristics of a lens.
Vary the controls to learn how to construct the image.
(Mathematica Player free download needed to run the
demonstration.)
This Demonstration shows a Cassegrain reflecting
telescope. The primary parabolic concave mirror focuses
incoming light toward a concave secondary mirror
suspended on the axis of the telescope's cylinder. The
reflected light from the secondary mirror is directed
through an aperture in the centre of the primary mirror
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/RadiusAndTemperat
ureOfMainSequenceStars
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – Radius and
Temperature of Main
Sequence Stars
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/StellarLuminosity
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – Stellar
Luminosity
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – Doppler
Effect
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/DopplerEffect
www.freezeray.com/flashFiles/DopplerEffect.htm
Freezeray (Great
Barr School) – The
Doppler Effect
www.seed.slb.com/en/scictr/lab/doppler/train.htm
www.seed.slb.com/en/scictr/lab/doppler/doppler_exp.ht
m
www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/Flas
h/ClassMechanics/DopplerWaveFronts/DopplerWaveFr
onts.html
www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=21
SEED – The Doppler
Train
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/
flashlets/doppler.htm
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Sound
Waves
CoLoS – Moving
Point source: Doppler
effect and shock
wave
Physics Flashlets –
The Doppler Effect
into an eyepiece. The telescope has captured an image
of the comet Hale–Bopp. (Mathematica Player free
download needed to run the demonstration.)
This Demonstration presents this simple case by
imagining that the various spectral classes of stars,
OBAFGKM, are laid out on a shiny table next to each
other for comparison. If you change the temperature of a
star, its color and radius also change. The hottest stars,
the O and B stars, are always blue. At the other end of
the spectral class range, the color changes become
more evident. (Mathematica Player free download
needed to run the demonstration.)
The luminosity, the amount of light emitted by a star,
depends on the star's size and temperature.
(Mathematica Player free download needed to run the
demonstration.)
The Doppler effect is shown as a shift in the visible light
spectrum. Due to the expansion of the universe, distant
galaxies move away from us at a speed proportional to
their distance from us, which is why the Doppler red shift
can be used to measure those distances. (Mathematica
Player free download needed to run the demonstration.)
The Doppler effect is demonstrated by the showing the
propagation of waves from a moving source relative to a
stationary observer. The speed of the moving source
may be altered and the waves can be frozen at any time.
The observed wave is also displayed as a trace.
A musician on a train plays a note while someone stands
to the side listening and trying to determine what note
was being played.
Doppler Effect (for a moving source) – Illustrating the
classical Doppler Effect for sound waves.
Doppler effect and shock wave. With link to ‘Astronomy
picture of the day’ showing sonic boom?
This flash animation shows a moving source emitting
circular waves. Drag the Microphone!
www.explorelearning.com/index.cfm?method=cResourc
e.dspDetail&ResourceID=588
Explore Learning –
Ray Tracing (Lenses)
http://ephysics.physics.ucla.edu/physlets/optics.html
UCLA’s ePhysics –
Physlet – Optics
Work Bench
UCLA’s ePhysics –
Physlet – Blackbody
Radiation
McGraw-Hill – Stellar
Evolution and the HR Diagram
http://ephysics.physics.ucla.edu/physlets/eblackbody.ht
m
www.mhhe.com/physsci/astronomy/applets/Hr/frame.ht
ml
www.mhhe.com/physsci/astronomy/applets/Blackbody/f
rame.html
McGraw-Hill –
Blackbody radiation
and stellar luminosity
www.explorelearning.com/index.cfm?method=cResourc
e.dspDetail&ResourceID=558
Explore Learning –
Star Spectra
www.explorelearning.com/index.cfm?method=cResourc
e.dspDetail&ResourceID=429
Explore Learning –
H-R Diagram
www.surendranath.org/AppletsJ2.html
General Physics
Java Applets – New
Applets
www.shatters.net/celestia
Chris Laurel –
Celestia
Experiment with a dynamic lens. Manipulate the position
of an object and measure the distance and size of the
image cast by a lens of variable strength. Observe the
focusing of various light rays emanating from the object.
Select lens and object. Move the position of the object
and see how the images forms.
Slide the bar appearing at the bottom of the animation in
order to set the temperature.
Note that a star will move from left to right - from hot to
cool - as it ages. When astronomers actually measure
stars in the sky and plot them on the HR diagram, they
find about 90% on the main sequence, about 10% in the
giant area on the right, and very few in the area
between. By playing with the interactive, can you tell why
this is so?
If you go to the blackbody applet and change the
temperature slider you will see how the highest point, or
peak, of the curve shifts left or right to different
wavelengths.
Analyze the spectra of a variety of stars. Determine the
elements that are represented in each spectrum, and
use this information to infer the temperature and
classification of the star. Look for unusual features such
as red-shifted stars, nebulas, and stars with large
planets.
A collection of stars visible from Earth can be arranged
based on many observables including color, luminosity,
temperature, name and size. This can be done using
one or two-dimensional plots, and a plot of luminosity vs.
temperature can be created in an effort to learn about
the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
Click Menu >General >Black Body Radiation
The overall appearance of the hot body, that is, the
colour of the body as it appears to the eye is shown in
the colour & temperature choice.
The free space simulation that lets you explore our
universe in three dimensions. Celestia comes with a
www.stellarium.org
Stellarium
http://public.gettysburg.edu/~marschal/clea/CLEAhome.
html
Project CLEA
www.thirteen.org/hawking/html/home.html
AMGEN – Stephen
Hawking’s Universe
ScienceProf – Red
Shift
www.wwnorton.com/college/geo/egeo/flash/1_2.swf
http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu
http://btc.montana.edu/ceres/html/Universe/uni1.html
ipac.caltech – Cool
Cosmos
CERES – The
Expanding Universe
http://zebu.uoregon.edu/2002/ph123/hub.html
Global View – Hubble
Expansion Law
www.astro.washington.edu/labs/clearinghouse/labs/Hub
bleLawShort/lab.html
University of
Washington – Hubble
Law Lab, the Short
Version
Pearson Addison
Wesley Astronomy –
The Essential
Cosmic Lecture
Launcher v2.0
www.hawkeyecollege.edu/faculty/imukhopadhyay/AST
RONOMY/ANIMATIONS_AND_DEMONSTRATIONS/C
OSMIC_PERSPEC_MEDIA_PLUS_E_BOOK/VOL_2/C
ONTENT/SystemFiles/AssetBrowser/index.html
large catalog of stars, galaxies, planets, moons,
asteroids, comets, and spacecraft.
Stellarium is a free open source planetarium for your
computer. It shows a realistic sky in 3D, just like what
you see with the naked eye, binoculars or a telescope.
Contemporary Laboratory Experiences in Astronomy
develops laboratory exercises that illustrate modern
astronomical techniques using digital data and colour
images. They are suitable for high school and college
classes at all levels, but come with defaults set for use in
introductory astronomy classes
"Where do we come from? How did the universe begin?
Why is the universe the way it is? How will it end?
This animation demonstrates the Doppler effect as
applied to light by simulating the effect of a star's velocity
upon the starlight as viewed from Earth. Use
the horizontal scrollbar to change the star's velocity.
See the ‘Ask an Astronomer Videos’ with titles such as
‘What is a redshift?’
Students create a balloon model of the expanding
universe and review Hubble Space Telescope
measurements that are refining estimates for the age of
the universe. This lesson uses observation, interactive
media, and scientific models.
This applet uses spectra and images of 30 nearby
galaxies, duplicating the same observations that Hubble
originally made, from which students can plot galaxy
angular size against redshift to determine that the
Universe is expanding.
The student will determine a value for Hubble's constant,
based on their observations of the images and spectra of
12 spiral galaxies.
An extensive library of more than 1,000 high-resolution
images, purpose-built animations, interactive tools
(applets), and interactive photos and figures based on
key images from the book ‘The Essential Cosmic
Perspective’.
Option B – Medical Physics
URL
www.explorelearning.com/index.cfm?method=cResourc
e.dspDetail&ResourceID=588
Descriptive name
Description
Explore Learning –
Ray Tracing (Lenses)
http://ephysics.physics.ucla.edu/physlets/optics.html
UCLA’s ePhysics –
Physlet – Optics
Work Bench
INTiBS PAN - Image
Formation by a
Converging Lens
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – Ray Tracing
With Lenses
Experiment with a dynamic lens. Manipulate the position
of an object and measure the distance and size of the
image cast by a lens of variable strength. Observe the
focusing of various light rays emanating from the object.
Select lens and object. Move the position of the object
and see how the images forms.
www.int.pan.wroc.pl/gm/javaphysmath/java/clens/index.
html
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/RayTracingWithLens
es
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/OpticalModelOfThe
HumanEye
www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/hearing.html
http://qbx6.ltu.edu/s_schneider/physlets/main/nearsight
ed.shtml and
http://qbx6.ltu.edu/s_schneider/physlets/main/farsighted
.shtml
http://embryo.soad.umich.edu
http://embryo.soad.umich.edu/resources/morph.mov
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – Optical
Model Of The Human
Eye
UNSW – Music
Acoustics – Equal
loudness contours
and audiometry
Physlets –
Nearsighted Vision
model and
Farsighted Vision
model
NICHD – The MultiDimensional Human
Embryo
You can move the object around by either clicking and
draging or just clicking in the location of your choice.
Using ray tracing, this demonstrates how a perceived
image depends on the various characteristics of a lens.
Vary the controls to learn how to construct the image.
(Mathematica Player free download needed to run the
demonstration.)
This eye model uses a spherical retinal surface as well
as a thin lens defocusing element. Move the red locator
button to position the light source and the blue one for
rotation. (Mathematica Player free download needed to
run the demonstration.)
Test your own hearing by measuring equal loudness
contours – the frequency response of your own ears, by
playing sound files with a range of frequencies and
sound levels. See also ‘What is a decibel?’
Far-sighted eye: The lens at the front of the eye is ‘too
weak’. A converging lens corrects for this type of vision.
Near-sighted eye: The lens at the front of the eye is ‘too
strong’. A diverging lens correct for this type of vision.
A three-dimensional image reference of the Human
Embryo based on magnetic resonance imaging.
See ‘Human Embryo Atlas (Image Slice Selector)’,
‘Carnegie Stage 23’ and the movie:
‘Psuedo Timelapse (650 KB QuickTime file)’.
www.teachingmedicalphysics.org.uk
IOP – Medical
Physics Teaching
Materials for Schools
www.insidestory.iop.org
IOP – Inside Story:
Physics in Medicine
It contains lessons as PowerPoint presentations and
other material aimed at helping teachers to teach
science with examples from medical physics. Particularly
useful are the ‘Teachers' notes with worksheets’, ‘Text
book’ and links to such sites as the ‘IOP/MRC – Inside
Story: Physics in medicine’.
- Investigate brain activity using Magnetic Resonance
Imaging.
- Inspect a large intestine by conducting a colonoscopy.
- Perform a series of PET scans to diagnose disease.
- Use radiotherapy to treat a cancerous tumour.
Option C – Applied Physics
URL
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Torq
ue
Descriptive name
Description
PhET - Torque
www.upscale.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/Flash/ClassMe
chanics/CatOnItsFeet/CatOnItsFeet.html
Upscale – DM
Harrison – How Does
a Cat Land on its
Feet?
Kagi Online –
Physics Animations –
Mechanics -
Investigate how torque causes an object to rotate.
Discover the relationships between angular acceleration,
moment of inertia, angular momentum and torque.
The saying is that cats always land on their feet. This
animation explains how they do this.
http://physicsanimations.com/Physics/English/mech.htm
Unbalanced
gyroscope precession
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/StraightCylinderEngi
ne
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – Straight
Cylinder Engine
http://rt210.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/Phys_anim.htm
Animations for
Physics and
Astronomy – Thermo
– Thermodynamic
Rotating systems exhibit some behavior that appears
strange when we apply our intuition, developed for linear
motion. The motion of the gyroscope shown here is an
example.
This demonstration shows a model of a typical straight
cylinder engine, also known as a reciprocating engine.
Each cylinder follows a 4-stroke cycle (also called an
Otto cycle). The order of sparking is designed to
minimize vibration and achieve smooth running.
(Mathematica Player free download needed to run the
demonstration.)
See The Otto cycle in a Four Stroke Engine. You can
embed the video in a webpage or downloaded the media
file.
www.shermanlab.com/science/physics/thermo/engines/
DieselG.php
www.shermanlab.com/science/physics/thermo/engines/
OttoG.php
Cycles
Sherman Visual Lab
– Thermodynamics
Diesel Engine and Diesel Cycle
and
Otto Engine and Otto Cycle.
View the four strokes of engines and the correspoding
curves on the PV diagram.
Four Stroke Engine Demonstration Page
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/
flashlets/carnot.htm
Raj Kaimal –
Silverlight
Thomson
Brooks/Cole
Physics Flashlets –
Carnot Cycle
www.keveney.com/Engines.html
www.keveney.com/otto.html
Matt Keveney –
Animated Engines
Carnot engine in action! You can slow it down to see
what’s going on, and choose other values of pressure
and volume to vary the cycle.
Visualise how an engine's unique linkage works.
See ‘Four Stroke (Otto)’ for Four Stroke Engine.
URL
http://phet.colorado.edu/new/simulations/sims.php?sim
=Photoelectric_Effect
Descriptive name
Description
PhET – Photoelectric
Effect
http://www.stmary.ws/physics/home/animations3/moder
nPhysics/photoelectricEffect.html
St. Mary’s Physics
Online – The
Photoelectric Effect
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – WaveParticle Duality in the
Double-Slit
Experiment
See how light knocks electrons off a metal target, and
recreate the experiment that spawned the field of
quantum mechanics such as obtaining a graph of
electron energy v light frequency with different metals.
This animation allows the user to select the radiation
frequency and brightness, and the target metal. The
electron current is then measured.
Small numbers of photons (or individual photons), after
passing through the slits, produce scintillations at
apparently random points on the screen. But as the
number of photons per pulse is increased, a pattern of
light and dark bands gradually emerges, with spacings
determined by the wavelength and slit separation, which
you can control with sliders. (Mathematica Player free
download needed to run the demonstration.)
You Tube 5 minute video on the double slit experiment
with waves and particles, and introducing quantum
weirdness.
Is an electron a particle or a wave? Explore various
http://weblogs.asp.net/rajbk/pages/silverlight-fourstroke-engine-demo-page.aspx
www.uwsp.edu/physastr/kmenning/flash/AF_2212.swf
Four Stroke Otto Engine Cycle
Option D – Turning Points in Physics
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/WaveParticleDualityI
nTheDoubleSlitExperiment
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DfPeprQ7oGc&mode
=related&search=
http://chaos.nus.edu.sg/simulations/
You Tube – Dr
Quantum - Double
Slit Experiment
Frederick H.
http://www.upscale.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/DoubleSlit
/Flash/Histogram.html
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/index.pl
Willeboordse's
Simulations Gallery –
Interference –
Particles or Waves?
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Double
Slit Experiment for
Electrons
Physics 2000 – The
Atomic Lab and
Science Trek.
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/ThePhotoelectricEffe
ct
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – The
Photoelectric Effect
www.explorelearning.com/index.cfm?method=cResourc
e.dspDetail&ResourceID=491
Explore Learning –
Photoelectric Effect
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/
flashlets/mmexpt6.htm
Physics Flashlets –
Michelson-Morley
Experiment
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/RussellsThoughtExp
erimentInSpecialRelativity
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – Russells
Thought Experiment
In Special Relativity
interference related phenomena with this applet.
The famous ‘Feynman Double Slit Experiment’ for
electrons. Click on 6 electrons per second to observe a
faster build-up of electrons on the screen.
In The Atomic Lab see how some surprising 20th
Century physics experiments show us that not
everything is as it seems, for example wave-particle
duality. In Science Trek learn basic principles of waves,
quantum mechanics, polarization, and the periodic table.
Once the threshold wavelength is attained, the current of
electrons increases linearly with the radiation intensity.
This can be monitored by an ammeter in the circuit
shown. The light source covers the entire visible range
400–700 nm. In the ultraviolet region, the light ray
appears as black. (Mathematica Player free download
needed to run the demonstration.)
Shoot a beam of light at a metal plate in a virtual lab and
observe the effect on surface electrons. The type of
metal as well as the frequency and intensity of the light
can be adjusted. An electric field can be created to resist
the electrons and measure their initial energies.
This applet simulates the set-up used in the MichelsonMorley experiment, including the non-existent aether
wind they were trying to detect! The basic idea is to
detect the time difference between light going "upstream
then downstream" and light going "across shore and
back."
Suppose an observer is on a platform at rest, a second
observer is on a second platform that moves with a
velocity that is a fraction of the speed of light relative to
the first, a third observer moves with respect to the
second with the same velocity, and so on. What is the
relative velocity of each platform to the observer at rest?
(Mathematica Player free download needed to run the
demonstration.)
http://rt210.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/Phys_anim.htm
www.upscale.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/SpecRel/Flash/
MichelsonMorley/MichelsonMorley.html
Animations for
Physics and
Astronomy – Mod
Phys – Relativity and
Time Dilation
Frederick H.
Willeboordse's
Simulations Gallery –
Modern Physics –
Mass is Relative
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Relativity
http://faraday.physics.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/SpecR
el/Flash/LengthContract.html
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Relativity
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html
HyperPhysics Relativity
http://gregegan.customer.netspace.net.au/APPLETS/20
/20.html
Greg Egan –
Subluminal
www.adamauton.com/warp
Warp – A Special
Relativity Simulator
www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/timedilation.htm
Walter Fendt – Time
Dilation
http://chaos.nus.edu.sg/simulations/Modern%20Physics
/Mass/mass.html
A variety of videos comparing Galilean and Special
Relativities. You can embed the video in a webpage or
downloaded the media file.
See how the mass of an object depends on its speed.
Michelson-Morley Experiment (Two swimmers) – A
simple analogy involving two swimmers that sets up the
Michelson-Morley Experiment.
Deriving Length Contraction. A tutorial that shows how
relativistic length contraction must follow from the
existence of time dilation.
HyperPhysics is an exploration environment for concepts
in physics which employs concept maps and other
linking strategies to facilitate smooth navigation.
Subluminal shows how a wave composed of a multitude
of frequencies moving at different velocities — all less
than or equal to c, the speed of light in a vacuum — can
appear to have features moving faster than c.
Warp is a program used to illustrate the appearance of
everyday objects travelling at really, really high speeds.
At such speeds, Einstein's theory of special relativity
predicts that unusual things start to happen. Warp
models these strange effects - it is a special relativity
simulator.
A spaceship is flying a distance of 5 light hours, for
example from Earth to the planet Pluto. The speed can
be regulated with the upper buttons.
The applet demonstrates that the clock in the spaceship
goes more slowly than the two clocks of the system in
which Earth and Pluto are motionless.
Nelson Thornes/AQA A2 Physics B Weblinks
Chapter 1 – Attracted to the Earth
URL
http://turing.kingsu.ca/~map/java/applets/elevator/applet
.html with
http://turing.kingsu.ca/~map/java/applets/elevator/applet
help/showme.html
www.seed.slb.com/en/scictr/lab/visco_exp/index.htm or
www.seed.slb.com/en/scictr/lab/visco_exp/viscosity.htm
Descriptive name
Description
MAP - Elevator
www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/Flas
h/FluidDynamics/ViscousMotion/ViscousMotion.html
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Fluid
Mechanics – Viscous
Motion
Physclips – Circular
Motion
This applet can be used to illustrate the physics of
elevators and especially the application of Free Body
Analysis to the forces acting on the occupant of an
elevator in motion.
The Viscosity Explorer lets you see how viscosity varies
from liquid to liquid and how temperature affects
viscosity. You can
 compare two differet liquids with each other
 test the same liquid at two different temperatures.
Dropping a ball in a viscous liquid. The densities, liquid
viscosity, and size of the ball are controllable.
www.physclips.unsw.edu.au
www.physclips.unsw.edu.au/site_map.htm
www.physclips.unsw.edu.au
http://phys23p.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/mech/indexer_me
ch.html
http://physicsanimations.com/Physics/English/top10.htm
http://physicsanimations.com/Physics/English/mech.htm
SEED – Viscosity
Explorer
Physicsclips –
Gravity
Animations for
Physics and
Astronomy –
Mechanics –
Gravitation
Kagi Online –
Physics Animations –
Top 10 - Cavendish's
torsion-bar
experiment
Kagi Online –
Physics Animations –
Mechanics
Module 3 – Circular Motion. Hyperlink to Background
material for Circular Motion.
Circular Motion: Download all animations in this module.
Module 11 – Gravity.
Gravitation – Cavendish experiment to determine G.
You can embed the video in a webpage or downloaded
the media file.
The apparatus employed was a torsion balance,
essentially a stretched wire supporting spherical weights.
Attraction between pairs of weights caused the wire to
twist slightly, which thus allowed the first calculation of
the value of the gravitational constant G.
See:
- Satellite motion. Geo-stationary orbit. Kepler's
law. Low Earth Orbit satellites. "Iridium".
- Motion of the body in the presence of the
gravitational field.
CoLoS –
Projectile/Satellite
Orbits
Physics Flashlets –
Newton’s Cannon on
a Mountain
Physics at PSU Simulations
Projectile Orbits and Satellite orbits: Newton’s Cannon –
Newton had observed that any projectile launched
horizontally is, in a sense, an Earth satellite.
Newton imagined a cannon firing horizontally from a
mountaintop far above the atmosphere: he showed a
fast enough cannonball would go into orbit.
Set the projectile speed and fire the cannon. See if you
can make the cannonball orbit the planet. See if you can
make the orbit circular. (The "cheat" button picks the
correct speed for a circular orbit.)
URL
www.fourmilab.ch/gravitation/orbits
Descriptive name
Description
Fourmilab - Orbits in
Strongly Curved
Spacetime
http://phys23p.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/mech/indexer_me
ch.html
Animations for
Physics and
Astronomy –
Mechanics –
Gravitation
Kagi Online –
Physics Animations –
Top 10 Experiments
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Classical
Mechanics Animation
Global View –
Mechanics –
Momentum
Shows the orbit of a low-mass test particle around a
non-rotating black hole. The Effective Potential plot
shows the position of the test mass on the gravitational
energy curve as it orbits in and out.
Gravitation – Cavendish experiment to determine G.
You can embed the video in a webpage or downloaded
the media file.
www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=398
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/
flashlets/NewtMtn/NewtMtn.html
http://rt210.sl.psu.edu/simulations/physlets/newtons_ca
nnonSimulation_dsp.html
Chapter 2 – Leaving the Earth
http://physicsanimations.com/Physics/English/top10.htm
http://faraday.physics.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/Flash/C
lassMechanics/AirTrack/AirTrack.html
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/momentum/Momentum.html
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/
Fowler's Physics
Cavendish's torsion-bar experiment. Attraction between
pairs of weights cause the wire to twist, which allows the
calculation of the gravitational constant G.
Air Track Collisions (Collisions on an Air Track). Elastic
and inelastic collisions on an air track, with different
masses for the target cart.
This applet concerns conservation of linear momentum
and to some extent simulates the standard air track cart
demonstration in physics. The applet has two modes,
elastic, which is represented by a collision between a
lightweight cannon projectile that sticks to a heavier cart
and inelastic which is represented by the collision of two
railroad carts on a frictionless track. Parameter tags
control the masses and momentum of the objects.
With this applet, you can fire one ball at a stationary ball
Applets/Collision/jarapplet.html
www.et.byu.edu/~wheeler/benchtop/sim.php
www.mhhe.com/physsci/physical/giambattista/thermo/th
ermodynamics.html
Applets – Twodimensional
Collisions
Dean’s Benchtop –
Water Rocket
McGraw Hill – The
Law of
Thermodynamics and
Heat Engines
and watch the collision simultaneously in the lab frame
and centre of mass frame. There are simple controls to
change the angle of the collision and ratio of masses.
Water rocket simulator: input launcher and rocket
parameters. Use arrow buttons on the scrollbars to make
fine adjustments.
The Thermodynamics applet is designed to study the
relationships between volume, pressure, and
temperature in a gas-filled cylinder and piston system.
Through your selection of different conditions, you can
study four thermodynamic processes.
Chapter 3 – What goes around comes around
URL
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/SimpleHarmonicMoti
on/
http://rt210.sl.psu.edu/simulations/physlets/oscillations_
circlesSimulation.html
www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/Flas
h/ClassMechanics/Circular2SHM/Circular2SHM.html
www.upscale.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/Flash/ClassMe
chanics/SHM/TwoSHM.html
www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/Flas
h/ClassMechanics/DampedSHM/DampedSHM.html
www.physclips.unsw.edu.au
www.physclips.unsw.edu.au/site_map.htm
www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=148
http://physicsanimations.com/Physics/English/mech.htm
Descriptive name
Description
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – Simple
Harmonic Motion
Physics at PSU Simulations
It helps to understand simple harmonic motion by linking
the vertical position of the moving object to a point on a
circle. (Mathematica Player free download needed to run
the demonstration.)
Harmonic Oscillations from Circular Motion, showing
position, velocity and acceleration graphs. You can
change the radius and frequency of oscillation.
Simple Harmonic Motion 1 – Demonstrating that one
component of uniform circular motion is simple harmonic
motion.
Simple Harmonic Motion 2 – Illustrating and comparing
Simple Harmonic Motion for a spring-mass system and
for a oscillating hollow cylinder.
Damped Simple Harmonic Motion. The damping factor
may be controlled with a slider. The maximum available
damping factor of 100 corresponds to critical damping.
Module 4 – Simple Harmonic Motion.
Circular Motion: Download all animations in this module.
Watch and find out the relation between uniform circular
motion and simple harmonic motion.
Harmonic oscillation. An oscillating pendulum leaves a
trace in the form of a sinusoid.
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Classical
Mechanics Animation
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Classical
Mechanics Animation
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Classical
Mechanics Animation
Physclips – Simple
Harmonic Motion
CoLoS – Simple
Harmonic Motion
Kagi Online –
Physics Animations –
Mechanics –
http://rt210.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/Phys_anim.htm
www.funderstanding.com/k12/coaster
http://jvsc.jst.go.jp/find/rikigaku/english/index.htm
www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/resonance.htm
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Torq
ue
Harmonic oscillation
Animations for
Physics and
Astronomy –
Mechanics – Motion
in a Vertical Circle
Funderstanding
Roller Coaster!
JST Virtual Science
Center – The Physics
of Amusement Parks
Walter Fendt –
Forced Oscillations
(Resonance)
PhET - Torque
See ‘Coasting Through a Vertical Loop (with Reaction
Forces)’, ‘Car Coasting Through a Vertical Loop’ and
‘Car Failing to Coast Through a Loop’. You can embed
the video in a webpage or downloaded the media file.
Design the coaster so that you can achieve maximum
thrills and chills without crashing or flying off the track
(unless that's how you like your coaster to work!).
These pages are about the dynamics of amusement
park rides. See ‘Lets study forces – Turning’.
If you choose the option ‘Slow motion’, the movement
will be five times slower. The spring constant, the mass,
the constant of attenuation and the angular frequency of
the exciting oscillation can be changed.
Investigate how torque causes an object to rotate.
Discover the relationships between angular acceleration,
moment of inertia, angular momentum and torque.
Chapter 4 – Imaging the invisible beneath the earth
URL
http://phys23p.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/mech/indexer_me
ch.html
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/InverseSquareLaws/
www.falstad.com/vector3dm
Descriptive name
Description
Animations for
Physics and
Astronomy –
Mechanics –
Gravitation
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – Inverse
Square Laws
Gravitation – Cavendish experiment to determine G.
You can embed the video in a webpage or downloaded
the media file.
Paul Falstad – 3-D
Magnetostatic Fields
Applet
Gravity, electrostatic force, and luminosity are inversely
proportional to the square of the distance. This source
gives an idea of why: an area projected from the center of
a sphere grows proportionately to the square of the
distance. (Mathematica Player free download needed to
run the demonstration.)
This java applet is a magnetostatics demonstration which
displays the magnetic field in a number of situations. You
can select from a number of fields and see how particles
move in the field if it is treated as either a velocity field
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/faraday/ind
ex.html
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Fara
days_Electromagnetic_Lab
Molecular
Expressions:
Electricity and
Magnetism
– Faraday's
Experiment
PhET – Faraday’s
Electromagnetic Lab
www.explorelearning.com/index.cfm?method=cResourc
e.dspDetail&ResourceID=371
Explore Learning –
Earthquake Determination of
Epicenter
www.seed.slb.com/en/scictr/watch/living_planet/quake_
map/index.htm
SEED - Earthquake
Epicenters
(where the particles move along the field lines) or an
actual force field (where the particles move as if they
were little magnets).
Faraday's Magnetic Field Induction Experiment. In 1831,
Michael Faraday made his discovery of electromagnetic
induction with an experiment using two coils of wire
wound around opposite sides of a ring of soft iron. Click
on the switch to close and open the circuit.
Play with a bar magnet and coils to learn about
Faraday's law. Move a bar magnet near one or two coils
to make a light bulb glow. View the magnetic field lines.
A meter shows the direction and magnitude of the
current. View the magnetic field lines or use a meter to
show the direction and magnitude of the current. You
can also play with electromagnets, generators and
transformers!
Using multiple earthquake recording stations, determine
the epicenter of an earthquake by analyzing the arrival of
the primary and secondary waves at each recording
station. Real-time charts are generated, providing data
that allows for the triangulation of the epicenter.
This animation shows all the earthquakes of magnitude
5 or greater that occurred all over the world from 2nd
January 1999 to the 15th March 2003. The size of each
dot indicates the relative magnitude of the earthquake.
Chapter 5 – Imaging the invisible inside the body
URL
www.teachingmedicalphysics.org.uk
Descriptive name
Description
IOP - Medical
Physics Teaching
Materials for Schools
www.insidestory.iop.org
IOP – Inside Story:
Physics in Medicine
It contains lessons as PowerPoint presentations and
other material aimed at helping teachers to teach
science with examples from medical physics. Particularly
useful are the ‘Teachers' notes with worksheets’, ‘Text
book’ and links to such sites as the ‘IOP/MRC – Inside
Story: Physics in medicine’.
- Investigate brain activity using Magnetic Resonance
Imaging.
www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/xray
http://health.howstuffworks.com/medical-tests-andtreatment-channel.htm
www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_gallery.html
Physics 2000 –
Einstein’s Legacy –
X-Rays
How Stuff Works –
Tests & Treatment
Library
Visible Human
Project® Gallery
- Inspect a large intestine by conducting a colonoscopy.
- Perform a series of PET scans to diagnose disease.
- Use radiotherapy to treat a cancerous tumour.
Here we'll learn about how X-Ray machines work,
including how x-rays are produced and why they work
the way they do.
How X-rays Work: X-ray machines seem to do the
impossible: They see straight through clothing, flesh and
even metal, thanks to some very cool scientific principles
at work. Find out how X-ray machines see straight to
your bones.
How CAT Scans Work: CAT scans take X-ray imaging to
a whole new level. Find out how a CAT scan machine
uses "slices" to form a 3-D computer model of a patient's
insides.
How Ultrasound Works: Ultrasound can help doctors
look inside a patient's body to see everything from heart
valves to a moving baby. Find out how ultrasound works,
what type of ultrasound techniques are available and
what each technique can be used for.
How MRI Works: MRI provides an unparalleled view
inside the human body. The biggest and most important
component in an MRI system is the magnet -- it could
suck a metal watch right off your wrist and into the
machine.
Quiz Corner: MRI Quiz: An MRI machine is more than
just a big, claustrophobia-inducing tube. How much do
you know about what's going on inside -- or what's going
on inside your body while you're in there?
The collection of images appearing here is a small
sample of images from the Visible Human Project® male
dataset.
Chapter 6 – Matter under the microscope
URL
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Gas
_Properties
Descriptive name
Description
PhET – Gas
Properties
Pump gas molecules to a box and see what happens as
you change the volume, add or remove heat, change
gravity, and more. Measure the temperature and
pressure, and discover how the properties of the gas
vary in relation to each other.
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/Balloon/index.html
Global View –
Thermodynamics –
Balloon
www.physicslab.co.uk/gas.htm
Physics Lab – Gas
Laws
www.explorelearning.com/index.cfm?method=cResourc
e.dspDetail&ResourceID=422
Explore Science –
Boyle’s Law and
Charles’ Law
www.7stones.com/Homepage/Publisher/Thermo1.html
7stones –
Thermodynamics Pressure x Volume
proportional to
Temperature
Gea-Banacloche –
Kinetic Theory
http://comp.uark.edu/~jgeabana/mol_dyn/KinThI.html
www.mhhe.com/physsci/physical/giambattista/thermo/th
ermodynamics.html
McGraw Hill – The
Law of
Thermodynamics and
Heat Engines
http://aspire.cosmicray.org/javalabs/java12/gaslaws/index.htm?ASPIRE_Se
ssion=6b7adc14e615463b9238612947848ba0
ASPIRE – Gas
Particles in Motion
This applet shows both the ideal gas law as well as the
Maxwellian Velocity Distribution by using particles inside
a balloon whose temperature can be adjusted. Digital
readouts give the pressure and mean particle speed and
the velocity distribution for a given temperature is
graphically shown. A parameter tag also changes the
state of the balloon to that of a planetary atmosphere
where the concept of escape velocity and the tail of the
velocity distribution can be shown.
This program investigates the behavior of an ideal gas.
The relationships between p,V and T, which determine
the state of the gas, can be investigated by proper
control of the variables.
Investigate the properties of an ideal gas by performing
experiments in which the temperature is held constant
(Boyle's Law), and others in which the pressure remains
fixed (Charles' Law). The pressure is controlled through
the placement of masses on the lid of the container, and
temperature is controlled with an adjustable heat source.
In this very finite thermodynamics simulation, pressure
P, volume V, and temperature T are compared.
This Java applet simulates a two-dimensional gas of
hard spheres. It illustrates several important concepts in
statistical mechanics/kinetic theory.
The Thermodynamics applet is designed to study the
relationships between volume, pressure, and
temperature in a gas-filled cylinder and piston system.
Through your selection of different conditions, you can
study four thermodynamic processes.
See Student Labs:
Activity 1 - Gas Particles in Motion: Changing Volume
Activity 2 - Gas Particles in Motion: Changing
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/StraightCylinderEngi
ne
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – Straight
Cylinder Engine
http://rt210.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/Phys_anim.htm
Animations for
Physics and
Astronomy – Thermo
– Thermodynamic
Cycles
Physics Flashlets –
Carnot Cycle
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/
flashlets/carnot.htm
www.keveney.com/Engines.html
www.keveney.com/otto.html
http://mutuslab.cs.uwindsor.ca/schurko/animations/heat
capacitymetals/heat_metal.htm
www.youtube.com/watch?v=SxuT5ilxbgQ
Matt Keveney –
Animated Engines
UWindsor – Schurko
– Heat Capacity of
Metals
You Tube – The
Arrow of Time
Activity 3 - Gas Particles in Motion: Changing Volume
and Temperature
This demonstration shows a model of a typical straight
cylinder engine, also known as a reciprocating engine.
Each cylinder follows a 4-stroke cycle (also called an
Otto cycle). The order of sparking is designed to
minimize vibration and achieve smooth running.
(Mathematica Player free download needed to run the
demonstration.)
See The Otto cycle in a Four Stroke Engine. You can
embed the video in a webpage or downloaded the media
file.
Carnot engine in action! You can slow it down to see
what’s going on, and choose other values of pressure
and volume to vary the cycle.
Visualise how an engine's unique linkage works.
See ‘Four Stroke (Otto)’ for Four Stroke Engine.
Heat transfer between a metal and water.
A project for a Physics of Design class, demonstrating
how the forward progression of time is nothing more
than probability.
Chapter 7 – Breaking matter down
URL
http://phys23p.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/EM/indexer_EM.ht
ml
www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/Flas
h/EM/Coulomb/Coulomb.html
www.surendranath.org/AppletsJ2.html
Descriptive name
Description
Animations for
Physics and
Astronomy – Electron
Guns
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Electricity
and Magnetism
General Physics
Java Applets – New
Electron Gun with Deflecting Plates.
You can embed the video in a webpage or downloaded
the media file.
Coulomb's Law – A simulation of an experiment to
determine the dependence of the electrostatic force on
distance.
Click Menu >Electricity >Moving Charge in Electric and
Magnetic Fields
Applets
http://phys23p.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/EM/indexer_EM.ht
ml
www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=33
Animations for
Physics and
Astronomy – Elec &
Mag – Motion of a
Charge in a Magnetic
Field
Mass-Spectrometer
Applet
CoLoS – Cyclotron
www.cern.ch (and www.lhc.ac.uk )
CERN
http://microcosm.web.cern.ch/Microcosm/RF_cavity/ex.
html
CERN – Accelerate a
Particle
http://public-old.web.cern.ch/publicold/Content/Chapters/Education/OnlineResources/Movi
esPictures-en.html
www.katemcalpine.com/webout.html
www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahmKuSxkQjY
www.particledetectives.net/html/main.html
CERN – Videoclips
and Movies
www.physics.brocku.ca/applets/MassSpectrometer
www.collidingparticles.com
http://lppp.lancs.ac.uk
Kate McAlpine –
Large Hadron Rap
Science and
Technology Facilities
Council – LHC
Project Simulator
Science and
Technology Facilities
Council – Colliding
Particles: Hunting the
Higgs
Lancaster Particle
Physics Package
Shows the motion of a positive charged particle subject
to Lorentz force.
Charge in a Uniform B Field.
You can embed the video in a webpage or downloaded
the media file.
Force on a Moving Charge: a Mass-Spectrometer.
Change the B-field a accelerating voltage.
The constancy of the cyclotron frequency led to a device
called cyclotron. This applet let you play with a cyclotron.
Go to ‘LHC’ (>What is the LHC).
See also Education >Teaching Resources
Accelerate the particle by flipping the batteries.
(Also accessible from the CERN Teaching Resources
page >Multimedia Material >Accelerating Cavities)
See ‘CERN in 2 minutes’ and ‘The ATLAS experiment
movie’.
The original rap is also on YouTube.
The remix link is given below.
The Particle Detectives: The LHC Experiment Simulator
is a challenge to find out what the universe is made of,
how it started and why it's like it is.
The first in a series of films following a team of physicists
involved in research at the new Large Hadron Collider
(LHC) at CERN in Switzerland.
The animations in the LPPP simulate the real physics
underlying the events that you are modelling. There is a
gradual introduction to relativistic formulae and
corresponding units for energy and mass. By following
the suggested experiments, calculations and short
projects, you will learn how to find the mass and identity
of particles that you have created.
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/RussellsThoughtExp
erimentInSpecialRelativity
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – Russells
Thought Experiment
In Special Relativity
http://rt210.sl.psu.edu/phys_anim/Phys_anim.htm
Animations for
Physics and
Astronomy – Mod
Phys – Relativity and
Time Dilation
Frederick H.
Willeboordse's
Simulations Gallery –
Modern Physics –
Mass is Relative
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Relativity
http://chaos.nus.edu.sg/simulations/Modern%20Physics
/Mass/mass.html
http://faraday.physics.utoronto.ca/PVB/Harrison/SpecR
el/Flash/LengthContract.html
www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/timedilation.htm
Walter Fendt – Time
Dilation
Suppose an observer is on a platform at rest, a second
observer is on a second platform that moves with a
velocity that is a fraction of the speed of light relative to
the first, a third observer moves with respect to the
second with the same velocity, and so on. What is the
relative velocity of each platform to the observer at rest?
(Mathematica Player free download needed to run the
demonstration.)
A variety of videos comparing Galilean and Special
Relativities. You can embed the video in a webpage or
downloaded the media file.
See how the mass of an object depends on its speed.
Deriving Length Contraction. A tutorial that shows how
relativistic length contraction must follow from the
existence of time dilation.
A spaceship is flying a distance of 5 light hours, for
example from Earth to the planet Pluto. The speed can
be regulated with the upper buttons.
The applet demonstrates that the clock in the spaceship
goes more slowly than the two clocks of the system in
which Earth and Pluto are motionless.
Chapter 8 – Energy from the nucleus
URL
www.upscale.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/Flas
h/Nuclear/Decay/NuclearDecay.html
Descriptive name
Description
Upscale – DM
Harrison – Nuclear
http://lectureonline.cl.msu.edu/~mmp/applist/decay/dec
ay.htm
LON-CAPA – The
Applet Collection –
Radioactive Decay
Nuclear Decays. The decay of 500 atoms of the fictional
element Balonium. Uses a proper Monte Carlo engine to
simulate real decays.
A large number of red atomic nuclei, each obeying the
same decay law. Select the half life time of the nuclei
with the slider, press the start button, and watch them
decay away as a function of time.
www.iop.org/activity/education/Projects/Other
Resources/Online_Resources/Teaching_radioactivity/p
age_31313.html
IOP – Schools and
Colleges – Teaching
Radioactivity
www.visualsimulations.co.uk/software.php?program=at
omscope2
Visual Simulations –
AtomScope
www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/index.pl
Physics 2000 –
Science Trek –
Isotopes &
Radioactivity
Wolfram
Demonstrations
Project – Inverse
Square Laws
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/InverseSquareLaws/
www.teachingmedicalphysics.org.uk
IOP – Medical
Physics Teaching
Materials for Schools
www.insidestory.iop.org
IOP – Inside Story:
Physics in Medicine
http://schools.matter.org.uk/Content/Capacitors/Default.
htm
Matter Project –
Capacitors
With four, high quality, 3D animations from Teachers TV:
www.teachers.tv/video/27400
- Radiation Ionises the Air
- The Cloud Chamber
- The Spark Counter
- The Properties of Alpha, Beta and Gamma
They are designed to help visualise what is happening at
a microscopic and atomic level.
First select ‘Nuclear and Sub-Atomic’ from the
AtomScope menu and then select the ‘Radioactive
Decay’ option.
Students can record the number of decayed atoms in a
table at 10 second time intervals. When they have
finished they can plot the results on a graph and
calculate the half-life.
Select ‘Science Trek – Isotopes & Radioactivity’ and
follow the tutorial.
Gravity, electrostatic force, and luminosity are inversely
proportional to the square of the distance. This source
gives an idea of why: an area projected from the center of
a sphere grows proportionately to the square of the
distance. (Mathematica Player free download needed to
run the demonstration.)
It contains lessons as PowerPoint presentations and
other material aimed at helping teachers to teach
science with examples from medical physics. Particularly
useful are the ‘Teachers' notes with worksheets’, ‘Text
book’ and links to such sites as the ‘IOP/MRC – Inside
Story: Physics in medicine’.
- Investigate brain activity using Magnetic Resonance
Imaging.
- Inspect a large intestine by conducting a colonoscopy.
- Perform a series of PET scans to diagnose disease.
- Use radiotherapy to treat a cancerous tumour.
Provide a definition of capacitance and name its units.
Explain why a capacitor has a maximum working
voltage. Determine experimentally the energy stored in a
www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=31
CoLoS – RC Circuits
http://lectureonline.cl.msu.edu/~mmp/kap23/RC/app.ht
m
LON-CAPA – The
Applet Collection –
Charging a Capacitor
capacitor. Explain and determine experimentally the time
constant.
Shows the transient behaviour that occurs when the
capacitor is being charged and discharged.
Change the capacitance and resistance in an RC circuit.
After closing the switch, you can observe the time
evolution of the charging of the capacitor.
Descriptive name
Description
Matter Project –
Nuclear Binding
Energy
PhET – Nuclear
Physics
This interactive tutorial deals with the calculation of
nuclear binding energies and their comparison with
known values.
Start a chain reaction, or introduce non-radioactive
isotopes to prevent one. Watch alpha particles escape
from a Polonium nucleus, causing radioactive alpha
decay. Control energy production in a nuclear reactor!
This applet simulates what happens in a nuclear chain
reaction. Each green dot you see here represents a
nucleus that spontaneously fissions, if a neutron hits it.
Chapter 9 – Nuclear reactions
URL
http://schools.matter.org.uk/Content/NuclearBindingEne
rgies/index.html
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Nucl
ear_Physics
http://lectureonline.cl.msu.edu/~mmp/applist/chain/chai
n.htm or
www.lon-capa.org/~mmp/applist/chain/chain.htm
www.eas.asu.edu/~holbert/eee460/pwr.html
www.atomicarchive.com/Movies/index_movies.shtml
http://fusedweb.llnl.gov/CPEP
www.jet.efda.org/pages/multimedia/movies/classroom2
100/index.html
LON-CAPA – The
Applet Collection –
Nuclear Chain
Reaction
ASU – Pressurised
Water Reactor
Atomic Archive –
Videos
CPEP – FusEdWeb –
Fusion Energy
Education
JET – Energy of the
Future - Fusion 2100
An explanation of the pressurised water reactor system.
Historic videos illustrating the tremendous effects of a
nuclear explosion, including "Now I become death..."
J. Robert Oppenheimer's reflections of the first atomic
bomb test.
Fusion – Physics of a Fundamental Energy Source.
Click anywhere on this picture to go to the relevant
fusion topic, or try the Guided Tour.
How will a fusion power plant work? At what stage is
fusion research today? The film gives an entertaining
and informative nine-minutes account in which a school
class in 2100 reenacts the development of fusion
energy.