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6th Grade Review Key People Topic explanation of why each one is important 5 significant achievements explanation of why each one is significant Government and Economic Systems Social Hierarchy and name and explain the type of government Religions Summary explain the main religion(s) and how they affected society 1 paragraph that summarizes all of the information to the left and adds any missing points Early Man Mine Babylonians Babylonians Babylonians Babylonians NO key People Babylonians had a great mathematical accomplishment Nothing Babylon where the Jews were held captive Assyrians Babylonians Achievements in Math and science Mathematics Assyrians Mesopotamia (Sumerians, Hittites, Babylonians, Assyrians) Thaddens of Edessa - was the man who made King Abgar a Christain. Also, he helped make the church for the Assyrians. Sargon of Akkad – He was known as Sargon the Great “the Great King”. He was known because for his conquest of Sumerians cities. Tiglath-Pileser III – His conquest led to the establishment of the NeoAssyrian Kingdom. Shamshi-Adad I – He carved out the empire that encompassed Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia – Sumerians The interior Hammurabi achievements was most wonderful for the Babylonians Their civilization had many achievments Assyrians The Assyrians founded the first university in the world. The Assyrians were the first people to make aqueducts. They had very advanced studies of medicine. First people to have their religion Christianity. Made the first church in the world. In the Assyrian Empire their economy was based on trade and ownership of small estates. The Assyrians had a lot of flexibility and ood organization in their polotics. This made it so that ther could make arragments in trades with minor colonies. The Assyrians were merchants. Mesopotamia The ecomic system in Mesopotamia was much like the feudal system. The feudal system was first officially established durung the imiddle ages in Europe much later, but the For 70 years, become a symbol of power, materialism, and cruelty. Assyrians At first the Assyrians had one religion which was Ashurism. Later after 33AD under the rule of King Abgar V of Edessa, they changed to Christinaity. Bur Ashurism was still practiced by some till 256 AD. The Assyrians were the first nation to use Christinanity and church was built in 33 AD. By Thomas, Bartholomew, and Thaddeus. The churches name was the Holy Apostolic Catholic. Mesopotamia The Mesopotamia group had no key people and Babylonians where great at math, Assyrians created the first university, and Mesopotamia had the first people to create the calendar. Ur- Nammu – A great king who crafted a gaint ziggurat Sargon - was a great military leader, and he was the first leader to unite all the Mesopotamia under one ruler. Ur-Nina – took the throne after Meselim and created a new dynasty in Lagash Neduchadnezzar – was the king of Babylonia who opposed Eygptians Mesopotamia They discovered many tool that we use now days such as the wheel, arch, saw, and lever. They created the first system of a calendar Mesopotamias traded materials unlike land, for other materials and or services. There were unofficial but still evident classes such as middle and lower class, where middle often dealt with trading. They invented the sundial They created the first system for irrigation They invented the sailboats The main religion/s that appeared during the Mesopotamia times were polytheism based religions. During these times were polytheism based religions. During these times, there were not a lot of fundimentals in the religion for chirstainty and modern religions. There were many unknown gods thay they had worshiped, but one in particular was Ashur was gos that was worshipped for a very long time, up to 4 AD. Shulgi – started the reorganization of UR111 Pharaoh- Believed to be a God on earth. Had the most power. Responsible for making laws and keeping everything in order. (i.e. not attacked or invaded) Ancient Egypt / Kush Vizier – The Paraoh’s chief advisor and also called “The High Priest” He was responsible for overseeing administration and all official document had to have his seal of approval. Also in charge of supplying food, settling disputes between nobles, and running/protecting the Pharaoh’s houseold. Nobles – ruled the regions in Egypt. Responsible for making local laws and keeping order in their region The Egyptians were the first to develop surgery: First to find a way to cure stomach pain like the liver area. They were the first to make Beers, Wine, and Granite Tools: Came up with wine and beer form the gains they had. They were the first to make the pyramids: Made pyramids for there gods like the Greeks making statues of theirs. First largest monument: The monument are the pyramid of Giza. Frist to make a curved sword: This was a sword but with a curve at the tip and this sword was made to kill, killed over 300 people. Ancient Egyptians were very skilled at trading back in ancient Egypt. There were no real forms of money that they used constantly. Instead they traded grown goods that the farmers would grow in their crops. Back then, Ancient Egypt was actually high on the ranks for farming; their crops and farms were a large part of their trading system, food wasn’t the only thing they used. Sometimes people would pay their worker in clothes, or other products like tools, pottery, and materials to make crafts. In ancient Egypt the Egyptians believed in Polythesim. The Egyptians belived that their king Pharaoh out of all their kings came form the gods. When a person dies in Ancient Egypt the Egyptains would take the body and theu would give it to the gods, the Egyptians would think that they would make the ods happy. Sometimes instead of sacrificing a person they would give the gods some resources that they would have collected (food, small gifts) The Egyptians would have there sacrifices inside the temples that they would get buried however, when they would be in the older The Egyptians only traded and there was no source og money used in Egypt. Also they were the first to preform surgery to find a way to cure stomach pain. Priest- Responsible for keepingthe Gods happy. Did not preach to people, but preformed rituals and ceremonies to the God of their temple. Scribes - Only people that could read and write and were responsible for keeping records. They recorded things like how much food was produced at the harvest time, how many soldiers were in the army, numbers of workers, and the number of gifts given to the Gods. Soldiers – Responsible for defenses of the country. Many second sons of Pharaoh’s joined the army. Soldiers were allowed to share riches captured from enimies and were rewarded with land for their service to the country. Craftsmen – Skilled workers that were pottery makers, leatherworkers, sculptors, painters, weavers, jewelry makers, shoemakers, and tailors. Group of craftsmen often worked together in workshops. Farmers – Worked at the land of the Pharaoh and nobles and were given housing, food, and clothes in return. Some farmers rented land from nobles and had to pay a percentage of their crop as their rent. Ancient Egypt started making agricultural communities in 4500 B.C. The Nile River was one of the biggest key factors that allowed the Ancient Egyptians to expand and thrive in the land they lived in. The Nile gave fertile soil and land for farmers. Around 4500 BC, farmers grew wheat and barly. Food production increased when hunter-gathers moved to Egypt and found lots of wild animals, plants, and fish there. Egyptians built canals to transport water to certain places. Egyptian farmers were able to grow animals as well. Egyptians traded with others by bringing goods up and down the Nile River. Over 80% of the population was made up of farmers. Egyptian trade expanded as its empire did. Nubinas depended on argriculture for food. The Nubians produced wheat, barly, and other grains. They raised cattle and other animals on their farms. In Kush, they produced and traded raw materials alonf with slaves with Eygpt. Ancaint Kush time they would mummify the people and put them in a chamber. Based on the power and place of the kings they would have a different hat/crown. The leader of the place that they would be on would read their complex writing that has been passed down through the generations of the earth Egyptians. Theses writings would tell them what they are supposed to do. Slaves and Servants – There were so slave markets or auctions in Ancient Egypt. Slaves were usually prisoners captured in war. Slaves could be found in the householes of the usual Pharaoh and nobles, working in mines, temples, and digging for rocks – (qurries). Chandragupta Maurya: This person is a military leader in the 320’s BC who seized control of the entire northern part of india. By doing so, he founded the Mauryan Empire. Mauryan rule lasted for about 150 years. Ancient India Aryabhata: Born in 476 AD, was the first astronomer of India. His book, the Aryabhatiya, presented astronomical and mathrmatical theories in which the Earth was taken to be spinning on its axis and the periods of the planets were given the respect to the sun. He gifted 0 :zero” to the world. Ashoka (Mauyra) the Great: Leader of the Mauyra Dynasty lived 304-232 BCE son of Bindusara. During the Mauryan era amany people were spreading Buddhism throughout India and parts of china. Ashoka was known for his attempt to by building Sanskrit: Offical language of india, created in 4th century BCE there is Vedic and Classical forms of Sanskrit. Number System: The number, “zero” was invented by Aryabhatta. The number system is significant because it is a daily use to everyone in everyday life. For example, you use numbers unconsciously whether it is counting thins, looking at a price- and math itself needs numbers. Ayurveda: Earliest school of medicine known to man. Charaka, the father of medicine consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago. The spinning wheel is an incredible invention that was made in Ancient India. The spinning wheel is a machine that spins wool, thread, and yarn. It also made flax into linen. The spinning wheel was very useful in Ancient India and still used today! As a result it helped make clothing, different types of footwear, also pillows, and blankets etc. things to help them with their everyday lifestyle. You can use it with your becaome wealthy ffrom trading. After Kush lost control of Egypt, the people of Kush increased agriculture and trade, to make the country rich as it used to be. In Meroe gold could be found nearby. Around Meroe, was full of iron ores. Meroe becomes a large trading center; people came from all over the place to trade and sell or buy goods. In the time of Ancient India, rural agriculture was what took about a huge part of the economy. Other economical key facts of Ancient India were pottery, carpentry, metal-work, glass-work, jewelery making, weaving, and leatherwork. There were other jobs through too. Many literay texts make refences of economy too. They mentioned crops like paddy, barley,a nd sugarcane. They even mentioned the natural manure of animals too. Irrigation canals are also talked about in these Vedic texts such as excavation of a canal to rivers. In the age of Brahamanas agriculture remained the as the head of economy. There were mentions of different agriculture One of the religions of Ancient India was Hinduism. Hinduism was a polytheistic religion that had no main teacher inside India. Some of the greatest Hindu writings were the Vedas, the Upanishads, the Ramayana, and Mahabharata. These were written between 2000 B.C. 4000 B.C. Some important stuff is Karma and and Reincarnation. Another religion was Buddhism, which was nbased off of Hinudism. The same things are important inside this religion and one of the main people where King Asoka. Their last major religion in Ancient India was Jainism, which was a Non-theistic religion and was founded by a man named Mahayira. Jains existed thousands of years before Buddhism. In a way, Janinism is the religion you aren’t allowed to destroy a plant. These In ancient India agriculture took a big part in the economy. Also the Indains where the first to invent the spinning wheel that was used to create other things. landmarks and other kinds of monestaries. hand or hand crank, but the later versions also had foot edals. Siddhartha Guatama (Buddha): First one “enlightened” to Buddhism. Pacifism is a part of the religion. Is one of the main religion in India and parts of China. The consruction of sentences, compound nouns etc. was explained as ordered rules operating on underlying fundamental structers. Panini: He was a Sankrit grammarian who gave a comprehensive and scientific theory of phonetics, phonology, and morphology. Sanskrit was the classical literary language of the Indian Hindus and Panini is considered the founder of the language and Literature. Ancient China Confucius Born in 551 BC, Confucius was responsible for creating Confucianism through his teachings of ethics and philosophy. He believed that China had forgotten old traditions and didn't believe in morales anymore. His teachings included guidelines on how families should act and behave and what citizens and kings should do. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta. The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100 BC. Ancient China had many achievement during their era. Here are but a few: Gunpowder was invented and mainly used for fireworks but was later used for guns and explosives. Paper was another operations too which included a new signifigance in cattle. Craft making was also included in this economy as well. Many occupations of the arts and creations were popular too. It differentiated with age and gender though. Forests too and natural habitats and plants and animals are mentioned as a big difference as well. Commerce and trade in the ecomomy came much later for the richness in agriculture in India was huge. So in c onclusion, agriculture was the main sphere of economy in Ancient India. where the main three religions of Ancient India. Islam religion was made thousands of years later even though it isn’t counted as an Ancient Indian religion. The Islam was created when their Prophet Muhammad had a vision of their god Allah. This one of the main religion of not only Ancient India, but one of the main religions of the world today. These are 8 main periods that happened during Ancient China:The Zhou Dynasty, Warring States Period, Spring and Autumn period, The Western Zhou, Han Dynasty, Early Imperial Era, The Shang Dynasty, The Ancient Chinese were said to have three main religions; Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. Christianity and Islam came later. Confucianism, brought to Ancient China was made up of many religions mostly Confusion, Taoism, and Buddhism. All where rules and guidelines of how to live or how to worship a god. Laozi Laozi was a Daoist teacher credited with creating the Daosim religion. Daoism was about following and living in harmony with Dao, a figure thought to be the creator of the universe and the guiding force of reality. He wrote a famous text about Daoism called The Way and Its Power. Laozi helped spread the Dao religion all throughout China. Shi Huangdi Shi Huangdi's real name was Ying Zheng. During the Warring StatesPeriod after the fall of the Zhou Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty conquered most of China. Led by Zheng, he became emperor of his new land and renamed himself Shi Huangdi. Under his power, he united most of China together into one powerful nation. The government of the Qin was very harsh, and punishments were severe. Since Huangdi was a Legalist, a person who followed invention and was made from papyrus and was used writing. We use paper everyday in our lives, so we can thank China for this. The sun dial was also invented to keep time and even though you may think that time isn't important to keep it is it help us organize our day. Lastly we have the compass which was used to give direction and this is important because it helps us when we get lost. andthe Qin Dynasty. China by Confucius, is the first of the A king was the religious three main and political religions. Confucianism head of the society. He is a ruled philosophical through and ethical dynastic system. The alliances; second of the divination (his subjects main religions believed known as that he Tao (as well alone could Dao) is also a predict the philosophical future by interpreting system but instead of cracks in being an animal bones); and ethical royal system it is a journeys, religious hunts, and system meant military to get campaigns followers that took him to closer to their outlying path. The third areas. They and one of the were often at most well- the Legalism religion, he burned all books against Legalism. Despite this, there were many achievements accomplished during his reign. A new monetary system was made, a new writing system was created, a new law system was created, roads and canals were built and improved, irrigation was improved, and Huangandi created the Great Wall of China. Under Huangdi, he helped unify most of China into one nation. Shang Dynasty The Shang Dynasty was the first dynasty with clear evidence of its existence. The Xia Dynasty may have existed, though we are not sure. Established in the 1500s BC, the Shang ruled in the Huang He Valley. They created a social order that went from the king, to the nobles and royal families, to the warriors, to the artisans, to the farmers, and then the slaves. The Shang war with neighboring peoples and moved their capital several times. Kings could mobilize large armies for warfare and huge numbers of workers to construct defensive walls and elaborate tombs. Then there was the generals whom served him and served in the armies forces. Next, there are the merchants whom supplied the king and the armies with the products known religion of ancient China is Buddhism. Buddhism is the belief that the goal in life for a member is to become or find enlightenment. This idea came from the founder of Buddhism who we call Buddha. had many important achievements, such as China's first writing system, and many others. The Shang Dynasty was the first of many dynasties to follow ing China's ancinet history. Han Dynasty After the fall of the Qin Dynasty in 207 BC, China fell into civil war. Liu Bang led an army, took control of China, and created the Han Dynasty in 206 BC. The laws were less stricter compared to the Qin Dynasty. Liu Bang lowered taxes and gave out land to people who supported him. During this dynasty, there were many achievements, such as public school system and the Silk Road, a merchant route. There social order consisted of the emperor, his court, and the scholars at the top class, peasants and farmers at the second class, artisans at the that they sell and exchange; they are above the peasants and farmers whom either do nothing or work as farmers or little shop workers. third class, and merchants at the bottom. Even though merchants were at the bottom, they could be very rich and powerful. Lastly we have the greatest accomplishment of all: the Great Wall of China. This amazing feat was built to keep attackers out of China and is still around today. o Hebrews/Israelites Abraham- he was important because father of Jewish tribe. 5 significant achievements: Move to Egypt: Moses and Abraham leaded Hebrews to Egypt. Population of Hebrews grew. The pharaoh became worried the Hebrews would take over. As a result, the Hebrews became slaves. Early Hebrew was The Hebrew religion was a simple herders. The monotheistic believe called Judaism. Hebrew Bible is This believes has lead the Jewish also part of the nation sense the beginning of the Christian Bible. civilization. Instead of a blood thirsty Originally desert nomads, the Hebrews created a god that only wants death and human sacrifices, This God is a loving God who leads the Jewish people to victory again and again. his The time of the Israelites and Hebrews was during the time of the Exodus. Where the Hebrews where slaves and Moses tried to get them to be free and move them out of Egypt. o Moses- was important because he is the leader of the Israelites and he helped the Jews escape from Egypt. o Rameses- he was important because he is Moses’s brother but he was the one who wanted to kill his brother. o Tzipporah- was important because he gave faith to Moses during escaping Egypt. o Miriam- was important because she also gave faith to Moses’s and told him to never give up. Moses and Rameses The Exodus A man named Moses, whom it is believed was told by God, went to the pharaoh and demanded the Hebrews be freed. ·Pharaoh ignored him. ·Many disasters and plagues hit Egypt. ·Pharaoh freed the Hebrews. ·Moses led the Hebrews out of Egypt on a trip called "The Exodus." ·Tried to return to Canaan. Philistines invade: ·Israelites banded together under one leader, Saul. Saul led them in battle Saul became the first king of Israel Israel divides: · Divided into Israel and Judah. · People of Judah known as Jews. ·The two Kingdoms only lasted a few hundred years. Both were conquered. to change and became an opponent to Rameses. Moses wanted to free the Hebrews and Israelites. But it didn’t work quickly. He traveled far away from his home. Moses met a girl religion is the bases for the Israel. Israelites civilization and its government is inhabited the early run by the Ten Commandments. Middle East and Which are a series of rules for the made a dramatic Hebrew people to follow. “I am God change in the your Lord, who brought you out of world with their Egypt, from the place of slavery. Do religion. The not have any other gods before Me. Jewish, Muslim, Do not take the name of God your and Christian Lord in vain. God will not allow the faiths all started one who takes his name in vain to go and branched off unpunished. Remember the Sabbath of Hebrew. They to keep it holy. Honor your father had prophets who and mother. You will then live long they believed were appointed by God to advise and lead the Hebrew nation. Although, in later years they did were both Prince of Egypt. Moses started place they called Jews revolt against Rome: ·Wanted independence and to recreate the kingdom of Israel. ·Zealots, the most rebellious Jews, believed that the Jews should not answer to anyone but God. So, they refused to listen to Roman officials. Revolt began in AD 66. have kings, like David and Josiah. Political According to the Hebrew bible, a on the land that God your Lord is giving you. Do not commit murder. Do not commit adultery. Do not steal. Do not testify as a false witness against your neighbor.Do not be envious of your neighbor’s house. Do not be envious of your neighbor’s wife… or anything else that is your neighbor’s.” These are the bases of the religion. The Israelite’s believe in a prophet or a messiah who is yet to come who bring all those who believe into eternal paradise. While all those man named who don’t believe and follow the Ten Abraham was told Commandmentswill be condemned by God that he to eternal damnation where there had to leave his will be crying and gnashing of teeth. named “Tzipporah” home in The Jewish religion has received and they got married. Mesopotamia. He thousands of years of persecution After they got married took his family to from all of their neighbors. But she gave him faith and the west and because of these hard times the trust to rescue the settled in Canaan. Jewish church grew larger and larger Israelites and Hebrews. In Egypt, the as if the persecution was fuel for the Then Moses found his pharaohs going to fire. sister Miriam who she take over Egypt so also gave him faith they made all the and trust. Both girls Hebrews slaves. made him become strong because he A man named knew people love him. Moses led Hebrews So he walked back to out of slavery from home and proved why Egypt and led then Rameses should free into Canaan on a his slave. journey called the Exodus. After settling the Hebrews became known as Israelites.They had no central government, insteadhad selected judges as leaders to enforce laws in each scattered community in Canaan. Not long after, therewere threats from the Philistines. The small communities had to unite and needed someone to lead them in battle. A man named Saul became the first king who actually often found tribal and religious leader who fought against his decisions. After Saul’s death, a shepherd and poet named David declared himself king. He had full support from local people and tribal and religious leaders. He lead the Israelites to victory against the Philistines and captured the city of Jerusalem, which because Israel’s capital. The Hebrew government was dominated by men and women had few rights. Although, Jews did believe in ideas of justice and righteousness; fairness and kindness was justice when dealing with people. Like most economics back then, it was based on agriculture and farming. There were many headers as well as fishers. There were also live-stock fruits and vegetable, wheat, and goods won from animals. Goods such as ceramics and jewelry were also used as exchanges. Ancient Greece Aristotle He was born in 384 BC. aristotle was friends with king amynte of masedonia. his parents died when he was very young. his uncle sent hin to the plato academy. he was an extraordinary student, and after he was done with his education there, he soon became a faculti member, and tought there for 20 years. Olympics Olympics were competitive. Greece was a world of a lot of competition. Everyone like competition, even if it had to deal with sports in the Olympics there would be a series of sports games with 5 teams which were the citystates which were Sparta, Athens, Corinth, Argos, and Megara. They would all have different styles of playing. It started during the time of 776 BCE but there was probably mini Olympic games before that. Alexander the Great One of the greatest military leaders. At age 20 he led an army to take over persia, and the soldiers saw him as strong, and as a leader. he was bent on ruling the world, so he continued north to syria. Stories Fables, Legends, and Myths were told by storytellers Greek liked stories They would always tell them during anytime. Pericles He was considered the best democratic leader that athens had. He ruled athens from 460 BC, untill he died in in 429 BC. In 430 BC at a funeral for soldiers, he made a speech reminding the people of Athens about how great the government was. Peisistratus Over threw the Grease government in 546 BC. He was considered a tyrant, Scrolls They had three different types of columns for their ancient scrolls like Doric style which is plain, The Ionic design which is famous design, and the Corinthian design for it to be fancy. Court System Juries started in 500 BCE. There was no public prosecutor. Anyone could bring charges on someone else. Theatre The Greek Theatre was a big thing in Greece. Up to 15,000 of people would come to a theater and would watch plays. Even prisoners would be released to attend theater. Every city had a theater the three types of plays were, Comedy, The Greeks did not have the same idea of an economy that we have. The word economy is Greek, but to the Greeks it meant something like rules of a household. Because they did not think about the economy as a whole, it is hard to talk of a government economic policy. Many Greeks were sailors and sailed across the waters, some were fishermen and some were traders. Other Greeks were soilders for their city-states; city states were a state consisting of a monarchy city. In the year 507 B.C., the Athenian leader Cleisthenes introduced a system of political reforms that he called demokratia, or rule by the people. The Greek invinted the system of ostracism which is a political practice that says if threatened the citystate could be banished without any charge against him. Before 600 B.C, there was no money system, they used the In Ancient Greece many Greek people were polytheistic (meaning they believed in many gods/goddesses). Before people had a scientific explanation for natural occurances and events, the Greeks believed that the gods caused all the natural events and disasters. For example, they believed that the god of metal working, Hephaestus, caused an erupting volcano because he was making and working on a metal weapon for the gods. Other than causing disasters, it was believed that the gods had a role in daily events as well. For example, they believed that the goddess of agriculture, Demeter's , daughter was kidnapped by Hades, the god of the underworld, and would be allowed to visit her mother for 6 months, and then returned to the underworld. During the 6 monthes while her daughter is away, Demeter wouldn't allow any plants to grow and it would be cold. This is also known as winter. During the 6 months with her mother, Demeter would be happy and make food and harvests plentiful. This is known as summer. Stories Ancient Greece was the time of the theory of gods, gods that controlled different parts of earth. Or so the greeks believed, for example there were stories about how the seasons changed and also how there where gods for the sun and the underworld. The gods where the Greeks answer for everything. and normally that means that the person held power by force, but in athens it ment that he leader was normally good. He made peace, and prosparity in the city, and developed new polices to keep order in the city. Tragedy, and Satire. trading system. Athens used a currency known as the drachma system. A worker in Athens could ear about two drachma's a day. Archimedes Archimedes was a famous mathmatetion in ancient greek history. he was the inventor of the death ray, and that made him so famous that mathmatetions, and scientists are still talking about him today. Archimedes was compared to king hiero the second, because of his close relationship with the king. he was compared to the king by famous ancient greek biographer plutarch. Ancient Rome Julius Cesar: Born onJuly 13, 100 BC.He died on March 15, 44 BC. The Roman Army was one of Rome’s greatest achievements. Rome’s military was the best military in the world for a long period like these were the Greek's explanation for occurances like these. Some important gods and goddess include Zeus, the king of gods, Poseidon, the god of the sea, Hades, the god of the underworld, Demeter, the goddess of agriculture, Athena, the goddess of wisdom, and Apollo the god of the sun.In order to keep the gods happy, the people of Greece created temples to worship them and also seeked help from them. The Oracle is the female priest of Apollo, the god of the sun, whom people came to seek help and advice. Even leaders would some to the Oracle to seek advice on how to rule their cities. Overall, Greek religion had a big part in society because it guided people to make the decisions they did back then. Also, the belief in these gods created many stories and tales that we might know about today. In addition, the temples hat the Ancient Greeks created are now famous throughout the world and help people understand the ways of the Greeks and their beliefs. Economy o Mainly farming o The Romans were highly religious o Religion depended on ritual, sacrifice, prayer, Ancient Rome was made up of a good military system and architecture. Mostly the Roman He was very important because of all the ways he changed Rome and because ofhis military skills and strategies. Well-knownbecause he was one of those who helped to stop the civil war that was happeningin Rome. Ciceo: He was born on January 3, 106 BC. He died on December 7, 43 BC. He was important because he was one of thephilosophers and he was also an orator. He always tried giving control to the governmentsince he had so much philosophy. Augustus He was born on September 23, 63 BC. He died on August 19, 14 A.D. He was important because he made the army better and more professional. He tried re-creating the population that was destroyed during the of time. The Imperial Army was the reason for Rome’s geographical success. Without the Imperial Army, the Roman Empire wouldn’t have grown as big as it did. Rome’s army conquered land that expanded the Roman Empire across Europe. Roman soldiers were greatly skilled soldiers that fought with brute force. Roman Architecture was a key achievement. Many buildings today have structures that were once used by the Romans. Romans were very specific with their architecture. Structures like the coliseum and dams were designed with great craftsmanship. The many systems of roads that stretched throughout the Roman Empire required some of the best architects to design. Arcs and domes were a key part to Roman Architecture. Rome’s government was also a reason for their empire’s success. Roman politics led Rome to be successful. The many emperors were able to o Most grew wheat, olives, and grapes. o Slave trade was also an industry o the smaller industrial economy consisted mainly of mining and processing the ore. o Spain: gold and silver o England: Lead, iron, and tin o Italy: Marble Politics o Origionaly had kings o Senate and consuls elected to help the people o The senate survived into the Emperor's rule. o A military 'king' Like the USA, the Romans had a multiple branch government and keeping good relations with the gods. o Every home had a shrine as religion was prominant in their culture (and shaped it). They used religion to make their calendar. o gods] Polytheistic [Many o Even called a cult o Caused dissagreement between Christianity and the Roman religion Army was what made Rome a geographical success. Also the government was strong and wise when making decisions for Rome and it’s people. civil war. Gaius Marius BC. He was born on January 13, 157 He died from a fever, on January 13, 86 BC. He was very important for changing the way many Romans thought in a positive way about how they government. He also made the army better from bad troops to professional fighting troops. His new formations lead him to succeed and he became one of the most important men of Rome. Marcus Aurelius· He was born on April 26, AD. · He died on March 17, 180 AD. · He was well-known for being an emperor, but notonly that. He was the last emperor out of the “Five Good Emperors.” · He changed many things into very good thingsjust as the rest did, but when his son took place expand the empire in their own way. Roman Politics began at the same time that the Roman empire was set up. As the Roman empire grew bigger, politics became more advanced. The Roman alphabet is one of the most important Roman achievements. The Roman alphabet is still being used today. Although some letters have been added, the Roman alphabet is still found and being used in everyday life. The beginnings of Latin are unknown. No one really knows when the Latin Language begun or how the Romans began using it. Roman alphabet is one of the most common alphabets. things kind of flipped around because his son took all his father’s effort and used it for his own needs. Note to Mr. Selby: ON some categories I copied by hand and others read then copied/pasted.