Download Topic No. 6 Mobile Operating System Introduction to Mobile

Topic No. 6 (12 M)
Mobile Operating System
6.1 Introduction to Mobile Operating System (Only features) - Windows CE, Symbian OS, linux
for Mobile Devices, Android.
6.2 Android Overview, Android Architecture, Life Cycle of Android Activity.
6.3 Android Tools Installation- JDK1.6, Eclipse Emulator, Android SDK Starter Package, Create
Android Based simple Program like Hello Android on Emulator.
Introduction to Mobile Operating System (Only features)
Windows CE:1. Customize a platform.
2. Component services,
3. networking capabilities,
4. multimedia support, and
5. many other capabilities
 Windows CE is optimized for devices that have minimal memory; a Windows CE kernel
may run with one megabyte of memory.
 Devices are often configured without disk storage, and may be configured as a "closed"
system that does not allow for end-user extension (for instance, it can be burned
into ROM).
 Windows CE conforms to the definition of a real-time operating system, with
deterministic interrupt latency.
 From Version 3 and onward, the system supports 256 priority levels and uses priority
inheritance for dealing with priority inversion. The fundamental unit of execution is
the thread. This helps to simplify the interface and improve execution time.
 A distinctive feature of Windows CE compared to other Microsoft operating systems is
that large parts of it are offered in source code form.
 First, source code was offered to several vendors, so they could adjust it to their
hardware.
 Then products like Platform Builder (an integrated environment for Windows CE OS
image creation and integration, or customized operating system designs based on CE)
offered several components in source code form to the general public.
 However, a number of core components that do not need adaptation to specific hardware
environments (other than the CPU family) are still distributed in binary only form.
Symbian OS
1. User interface
2. Browser
3. Multiple language support
4. Application Development
User interface
 Symbian has had a native graphics toolkit since its inception, known as AVKON
(formerly known as Series 60).
 S60 was designed to be manipulated by a keyboard-like interface metaphor, such as the
~15-key augmented telephone keypad, or the mini-QWERTY keyboards.
 AVKON-based software is binary-compatible with Symbian versions up to and including
Symbian^3. Symbian^3 includes the Qt framework, which is now the recommended user
interface toolkit for new applications.
 Qt can also be installed on older Symbian devices. Symbian^4 was planned to introduce a
new GUI library framework specifically designed for a touch-based interface, known as
"UI Extensions for Mobile"
Browser
 Symbian^3 and earlier have a built-in WebKit based browser. Symbian was the first
mobile platform to make use of WebKit (in June 2005).
 Some older Symbian models have Opera Mobile as their default browser.
Multiple language support
 Symbian has strong localization support enabling manufacturers and 3rd party application
developers to localize their Symbian based products in order to support global
distribution.
 Current Symbian release (Symbian Belle) has support for 48 languages, which Nokia
makes available on device in language packs (set of languages which cover the languages
commonly spoken in the area where the device variant is intended to be sold).
 All language packs have in common English (or a locally relevant dialect of it).

Arabic (Arabic),

Basque (Latin),

Bulgarian (Cyrillic),

Catalan (Latin),

Chinese [PRC] (Simplified Chinese),

Chinese [Hong Kong] (Traditional Chinese),

Chinese [Taiwan] (Traditional Chinese),

Croatian (Latin),

Czech (Latin),

Danish (Latin),

Dutch (Latin),

English [UK] (Latin),

etc
Application Development
 From 2010, Symbian switched to using standard C++ with Qt as the main SDK, which
can be used with either Qt Creator or Carbide.c++.
 Qt supports the older Symbian/S60 3rd (starting with Feature Pack 1, aka S60 3.1) and
Symbian/S60 5th Edition (aka S60 5.01b) releases, as well as the new Symbian platform.
It also supports Maemo and MeeGo, Windows, Linux and Mac OS X.
Linux for Mobile Devices
 As can be learned from the article Linux range of use, Linux kernel-based operating
systems are ubiquitously found on diverse hardware platforms.
 This article, Linux for mobile devices, is about the use of Linux kernel-based operating
systems on all sorts of mobile devices, whose primary or only Human interface
device (HID) is a touchscreen.
 This mainly comprises smartphones and tablet computers, but also some mobile
phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) portable media players that come with a
touchscreen separately.
This is a list of many Linux kernel-based operating systems used on mobile devices.

Android (operating system)

Replicant (operating system)

webOS

Maemo

Moblin

MeeGo

Tizen

Sailfish OS

Firefox OS

Openmoko Linux

OpenZaurus

Bada

Ubuntu Touch

Ubuntu Mobile

SHR (operating system)
Android
 Android (from its former owner Android, Inc.) is a mobile operating system (OS)
currently developed by Google, based on the Linux kernel and designed primarily
for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.
 Android's user interface is mainly based on direct manipulation, using touch gestures that
loosely correspond to real-world actions, such as swiping, tapping and pinching, to
manipulate on-screen objects, along with a virtual keyboard for text input.
 In addition to touchscreen devices, Google has further developed Android TV for
televisions, Android Auto for cars, and Android Wear for wrist watches, each with a
specialized user interface.
 Variants of Android are also used on notebooks, game consoles, digital cameras, and
other electronics.
Android Overview
 Android is an open source and Linux-based Operating System for mobile devices such
as smartphones and tablet computers.
 Android was developed by the Open Handset Alliance, led by Google, and other
companies.
 Android offers a unified approach to application development for mobile devices which
means developers need only develop for Android, and their applications should be able
to run on different devices powered by Android.
 The first beta version of the Android Software Development Kit (SDK) was released by
Google in 2007 where as the first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in
September 2008.
 On June 27, 2012, at the Google I/O conference, Google announced the next Android
version, 4.1 Jelly Bean. Jelly Bean is an incremental update, with the primary aim of
improving the user interface, both in terms of functionality and performance.
 The source code for Android is available under free and open source software licenses.
Google publishes most of the code under the Apache License version 2.0 and the rest,
Linux kernel changes, under the GNU General Public License version 2.
Why Android ?
Features of Android
Android is a powerful operating system competing with Apple 4GS and supports great features.
Few of them are listed below:
Feature
Description
Beautiful UI
Android OS basic screen provides a beautiful and intuitive user
interface.
Connectivity
GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE,
NFC and WiMAX.
Storage
SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage
purposes.
Media support
H.263, H.264, MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB, AAC, HE-AAC, AAC
5.1, MP3, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, and BMP
Messaging
SMS and MMS
Web browser
Based on the open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled with
Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine supporting HTML5 and CSS3.
Multi-touch
Android has native support for multi-touch which was initially made
available in handsets such as the HTC Hero.
Multi-tasking
User can jump from one task to another and same time various
application can run simultaneously.
Resizable widgets
Widgets are resizable, so users can expand them to show more content
or shrink them to save space
Multi-Language
Supports single direction and bi-directional text.
GCM
Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is a service that lets developers send
short message data to their users on Android devices, without needing
a proprietary sync solution.
Wi-Fi Direct
A technology that lets apps discover and pair directly, over a highbandwidth peer-to-peer connection.
Android Beam
A popular NFC-based technology that lets users instantly share, just by
touching two NFC-enabled phones together.
Android Applications
 Android applications are usually developed in the Java language using the Android
Software Development Kit.
 Once developed, Android applications can be packaged easily and sold out either
through a store such as Google Play,SlideME,Opera Mobile Store,Mobango,Fdroid and the Amazon Appstore.
 Android powers hundreds of millions of mobile devices in more than 190 countries
around the world.
 It's the largest installed base of any mobile platform and growing fast. Every day more
than 1 million new Android devices are activated worldwide.
 This tutorial has been written with an aim to teach you how to develop and package
Android application.
 We will start from environment setup for Android application programming and then
drill down to look into various aspects of Android applications.
Categories of Android applications
There are many android applications in the market. The top categories are:
History of Android
 The code names of android ranges from A to L currently, such as Aestro, Blender,
Cupcake, Donut, Eclair, Froyo, Gingerbread, Honeycomb, Ice Cream Sandwitch, Jelly
Bean, KitKat and Lollipop. Let's understand the android history in a sequence.
What is API level?
API Level is an integer value that uniquely identifies the framework API revision
offered by a version of the Android platform.
Platform Version
API Level
VERSION_CODE
Android 5.1
22
LOLLIPOP_MR1
Android 5.0
21
LOLLIPOP
Android 4.4W
20
KITKAT_WATCH
Android 4.4
19
KITKAT
KitKat
for
Wearables Only
Android 4.3
18
JELLY_BEAN_MR2
Android 4.2, 4.2.2
17
JELLY_BEAN_MR1
Android 4.1, 4.1.1
16
JELLY_BEAN
Android
4.0.4
4.0.3, 15
ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH_MR1
Android 4.0, 4.0.1, 14
4.0.2
ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH
Android 3.2
13
HONEYCOMB_MR2
Android 3.1.x
12
HONEYCOMB_MR1
Android 3.0.x
11
HONEYCOMB
Android 2.3.4
10
GINGERBREAD_MR1
9
GINGERBREAD
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
FROYO
ECLAIR_MR1
ECLAIR_0_1
ECLAIR
DONUT
CUPCAKE
BASE_1_1
BASE
Android 2.3.3
Android 2.3.2
Android 2.3.1
Android 2.3
Android 2.2.x
Android 2.1.x
Android 2.0.1
Android 2.0
Android 1.6
Android 1.5
Android 1.1
Android 1.0
Android Architecture
android architecture or Android software stack is categorized into five parts:
1. linux kernel
2. native libraries (middleware),
3. Android Runtime
4. Application Framework
5. Applications
Let's see the android architecture first.
1) Linux kernel
It is the heart of android architecture that exists at the root of android architecture. Linux
kernel is responsible for device drivers, power management, memory management, device
management and resource access.
2) Native Libraries
On the top of linux kernel, there are Native libraries such as WebKit, OpenGL, FreeType,
SQLite, Media, C runtime library (libc) etc.
The WebKit library is responsible for browser support, SQLite is for database, FreeType for font
support, Media for playing and recording audio and video formats.
3) Android Runtime
In android runtime, there are core libraries and DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine) which is
responsible to run android application. DVM is like JVM but it is optimized for mobile devices.
It consumes less memory and provides fast performance.
4) Android Framework
On the top of Native libraries and android runtime, there is android framework. Android
framework includes Android API'ssuch as UI (User Interface), telephony, resources, locations,
Content Providers (data) and package managers. It provides a lot of classes and interfaces for
android application development.
5) Applications
On the top of android framework, there are applications. All applications such as home, contact,
settings, games, browsers are using android framework that uses android runtime and libraries.
Android runtime and native libraries are using linux kernal.
Life Cycle of Android Activity
As an activity transitions from state to state, it is notified of the change by calls to the following
protected methods:
void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
1. void onStart()
2. void onRestart()
3. void onResume()
4. void onPause()
5. void onStop()
6. void onDestroy()
Taken together, these seven methods define the entire lifecycle of an activity
Callback
Description
onCreate()
This is the first callback and called when the activity is first created.
onStart()
This callback is called when the activity becomes visible to the user.
onResume()
This is called when the user starts interacting with the application.
onPause()
The paused activity does not receive user input and cannot execute any
code and called when the current activity is being paused and the
previous activity is being resumed.
onStop()
This callback is called when the activity is no longer visible.
onDestroy()
This callback is called before the activity is destroyed by the system.
onRestart()
This callback is called when the activity restarts after stopping it.
Assignment
1. Explain the features of Windows CE.
2. Explain the features of Symbian OS.
3. Explain Life cycle of android activity.
4. Explain Android Architecture.
5. Explain the features of Android.